The Lives Experiences of Single Parents

Republic of the Philippines
SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

Tandag City – Main Campus
COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION
THE LIVED EXPERINCES OF BEING A SINGLE PARENT TO THE CTE STUDENTS

A Research Proposal
Presented To
College Of Teacher Education
Main Campus-Tandag City
In Partial Fulfillment
Of Academic Requirements for Research 1
Introduce To Research
RESEARCHERS:
Cabuga, Lalaine R.
Cuadra, Nelson
Martinez, Mary Mae B.
Manzano, Shaina V.
Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction
Single parents are those who raise children without the help of the other
biological parent in the home. Single-parent families are determined by the sex of the
"primary career," responsible for the children the majority of the time, and they can be
either mother-only or father-only families. There are various reasons for their formation,
such as a divorce, separation, widowhood or because the parents were never married.
Single parenting on the other hand is exactly the same yet with only one parent raising
her child or children. Today we see all sorts of single parent families: headed by
mothers, headed by fathers, headed by a grandparent raising their grandchildren. Life in
a single parent household though common can be quite stressful for the adult and the
children. Members may unrealistically expect that the family can function like a two-
parent family, and may feel that something is wrong when it cannot. The single parent
may feel overwhelmed by the responsibility of juggling caring for the children,
maintaining a job and keeping up with the bills and household chores. And typically, the
family's finances and resources are drastically reduced following the parents' breakup.
Single parent families deal with many other pressures and potential problem areas that
the nuclear family does not have to face.

According to Kates, 1996; Zhan & Pandey (2004), is it stated that a single
mothers are a historically disadvantaged group that must overcome great barriers to
obtain graduate level education. Literature highlights their overrepresentation at and
below the poverty line, as well as being at increased risk for psychological distress
(Jayakody & Stauffer, 2000; Kessler et al.1994). Increased knowledge about the
experience of these mothers’ lives, particularly the challenges faced by this graduate
student sub population, may have implications for supportive policies and programming
at social service agencies and educational institutions.
Moreover, some students on the College Of Teacher Education have also
involved themselves single parents.

Conceptual /Theoretical Framework
A Romantic Relationship is placed in the framework to specify the kind of
relationship which will be studied. According to Laslocky (2013), Need to Belong
Theory, allows people satisfy the need to belong. Although this need to belong exists
within us all, it’s imperative that we never lose our sense of individuality and well-being.
If we find ourselves in relationships whether it be with a friend, boyfriend, girlfriend, or
spouse that seems toxic and destructive we should move on. It may feel literally painful,
but we’ll be stronger and wiser as a result. It offers people more desire to have a
constant feeling of being loved and cared. Having a harmonious relation, people have
desire to achieve their goals, thus giving their best in every task they do which
contributes to the betterment of relationship. The levels of motivation and anxiety
measure the reactions of the each individual. In line with the Need to Belong Theory,
these reactions affect the academic performance of the individual.
According to Wang (2004) the sources which are exchanged in the course of
romantic relationships, do not only include material sources, such as money and gifts. It
is also considered the time because relationship, each interaction consumes time, it
may be texting or calling the person over the phone, dating, talking with the person, etc.
The more time a person spends in a romantic relationships, the lesser the time will
remain for the other tasks. Because of these situations, performances on other complex
task which also require time are affected.
 Time
Management
 Levels of
Romantic Motivation Academic
Relationship Performance
 Levels of
Anxiety
Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study
In the framework, the first box describes the connection independent variables in
this study as the Romantic Relationships and the second box is the involvement in time,
level of motivation and level of anxiety. The researchers will try to find out if there is a
relationship between the romantic relationship and academic performance in this study.
This will further present on how the two variables correlate with each other. These
variables will be identified by its usage according to the response of the respondents.
Statement of the problem
The main thrust of the study is to determine the correlation of romantic
relationships to the academic performance of the CTE students A.Y. 2017-2018.
Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
1.1 gender,
1.2 GPA?
2. How many hours you spend your time in studying
2.1 alone, and
2.2 with lover?

3. What is the level of anxiety of the respondents to perform their tasks as a
student?
4. What is the level of motivation of the respondents to perform their tasks as a
student?
5. Is there a significant influence of the romantic relationship to the academic
performance of the student?
6. What intervention program can be proposed?
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
Literatures
Foreign
Humans involved themselves in a romantic relationship for variety of reasons.
According to Aristotle, humans are “social animals” which made them long to form an
intimate relationship in which love can be given and received freely which the
psychologists called “the need to belong” (Myers, 2010). They have the assurance of
being safe by the love and care given to them. They feel secured and confident to trust
individual whom they are acceptable. According to Raman (2010), stated that being in
romantic relationship involves physical contact which causes chemical arousal to the
persons involved and at the same time gain love and confidence in which they are
longing for.
On the other hand, According to Arnet (as cited in Fincham & Cui, 2011) "late
adolescents" is the stage where teenagers experienced how to be totally and socially
independent. This is the time for curiosity & explorations in choosing and having a
partner, and explores this kind of curiosity that somehow leads to romantic relationship.
However, this kind of relationship may not lead to a pleasant and intense love affair.
This is just a result of their inquisitive mind and a sort of finding on how to fit into the
world. “What is life all about?” Questions such as these assume special significance
during teenage years, as adolescents wants to explore the social world.
According to Luqman (2009) said that an adolescent relationship plays an
important role to adolescents as it develops the ability for committed relationships.
Additionally, Pelt (2004) stated that those relationships help develop personality. She
also added that it is
a way of knowing one’s unique qualities of opposite sex and at the same time choosing
the right life partner. Moreover, researchers theorized that romantic relationship is must
be present to the development of adolescents in various aspects such as
“transformation of family relationships, close relationships with peers, sexuality, and
career planning” (Furman, 2002).
According to Furman (2002), romantic relationships become more and more
significant to adolescents in their social world as they also develop from puberty
towards late adolescence. This shows how romantic relationship important to the
development of every adolescents.
According to Connolly & Johnson (cited in Weichold & Barber, 2008) said that
even though romantic relationship plays an important role in the development of an
adolescent, most romantic relationship in the adolescence stage last for only 6 months
to 1 year. This means that break-ups happen can cause anxiety among adolescents.
Monroe et. al (as cited in Furman, 2002) affirmed that breakups are mostly the cause of
depression among adolescents. Furman (2002) also states that adolescents are mostly
prone to problems in adjustment when they got involved in romantic relationships at an
early stage of their adolescent life.
According to Crissey (2006) then added that having a romantic affair especially
when you are just a student would not just give a "source of stress" but also
a disturbance. Having a romantic relationship is really disturbing because a student will
deal on managing time between the school and in the romantic side that somehow
leads to give academic works a lesser priority. Stress is a continuous feeling of worry
about something in life that prevents someone from relaxing. Campbell, as cited by
Crissey (2006), pointed out that stress is a condition or effect that is bad and can cause
some problems. For example, students who are having any romantic affair will have a
higher percentage of stress than those who don't have because instead of focusing to
their academic work and academic stresses, they give much time to their relationship
problem.
Local
According to Lucas & Curpuz (2007), “quality personal relationships that provide
stability, trust, and caring such as romantic relationships can increase learners’ sense of
belonging, self-respect and self-acceptance, and provide a positive climate for learning”
(p. 16) and thus increase academic performance. According to the theory of incentive
approach of motivation, the desirable properties of external stimuli – whether grades,
money, affection, food, or sex – account for person’s motivation.
A review of taxonomy by Acevedo and Aron (2009) examined theories and
research to assess long-term relationships with the possibility of romantic love
throughout the course of the relationship. The review suggested that romantic love in
long-term marriages could exist without the obsession and was linked to marital
satisfaction, well-being and high self-esteem. Analysis suggested that community
couples recognized autonomous latent factors for romantic love and obsession in long-
term relationship. Even when social desirability was controlled few individuals reported
very high levels of romantic love.
Studies
Foreign
The findings of the study made by Phelps (2007) noted that the influence of
partners, parents and peers of African American Youth to their school achievement. He
considered dividing the samples by race and he found some difference that each
variable influence to the romantic relationship for the Anglo and African American
subsamples. He concluded that effects of academic achievement vary on race. Part of
the result of his study is that peers also affect to the academic performance of the
respondents. For the African American, it is their peers’ academic orientation that
affects the academic performance while for Anglo Americans, both peers’ academic
orientation and behaviors towards romantic relationship affects their academic
performance. The result of the study of Phelps (2007) implies that factors assumed to
affect academic performance of students such as personal relationships vary in each
race.
According to Myers (2010) said that relationships also consume much of the life of
university students. It is proven in the study of Mehl & Pennebaker (2003) conducted
to11 participants (using Electronically Activated Recorder for each participant) coming
from the University of Texas at Austin, that 28 percent of the students’ waking hours
were spent just by talking to their romantic partners and it did not include the time they
spent in listening to their romantic partners. Another study (Steinhauer & Holson, 2008)
cited by Myers (2010) found that an average American 13-18 years old sent or
received1,742 test messages per month. Most often these young texters have been
involved in romantic relationships.

In another study, a dissertation of Crissey (2006) focused on the differences of
genders on the high school academic outcomes which were influenced by romantic
relationships. The study found out that when students divided their attention to
education and romance, there was a negative outcome on the academic performance
especially when they take too much concern on their romantic relationships. This
situation occurs mostly on girls because of the “school romantic climate where romance
is more valued. On the other hand, the study showed that boys’ “academic well-being”
is being slightly affected. The increased risk of sexual activity mainly affects this
situation (Crissey, 2006). However, data from the National Longitudinal Study of
Adolescent Health (as cited in Allen, 2010) revealed a different result in which males’
academic performance is negatively affected by the romantic climate.
Moreover, Furman (2002) stated that there has still been a great interest of
romantic relationships because this interest sparks from the observation that these
relationships are significant to adolescents’ lives. A lot of research has been made
about this topic but most of these studies center on Euro-American youths or mostly
Western societies. Western culture has differences to Asian culture especially on the
social aspects. Example would be perceptions on dating.
Local
Similarly, according to Toreon (2011) in his study on the Effect of Romantic
Relationship on Teacher Education Students’ Academic Performance at Bohol Island
State University. The study used a descriptive survey method employing convenience
sampling for each year level. The variables of the study were students’ grade, intensity,
level of involvement in a romantic relationship and, self-esteem. Findings describe
significant effect of romantic relationship on academic performance. Intensity and level
of involvement also exhibited a significant relationship on the students’ academic
performance. It was also found out that a student who is involved in romantic
relationship for more than two years have better score as those involved for 3 to 6
months. It was further found that the basic characteristic of the individuals who are most
successful at love is high self –esteem. It has been determined that those high in self-
esteem experience romantic love more as been found in the number of years of being
attached to each partner.
On the other hand, relationship between dating status and academic
achievement on grades 8, 9 and 10 in Santa Clara University in California were studied
by Quatman, Sampson, Robinson and Watson (2001). The result of the study showed
that higher frequency in dating would imply a lower academic performance because
most of the romantic experiences showed higher levels of depressive symptoms and
lower levels in academic motivation. This study focuses on younger population and the
results may not be the case in the more mature age group.
A dissertation of Stefan (2006) which is a qualitative study on the impact of
romantic relationship on the academic performance of high school girls applies merely
on the western culture. Results of the study showed that there is really a “social
pressure” for teenage girls who are involved in dating. She also found out this societal
pressure means that girls are engaged in this kind of dating situation merely “because
of some influences peers, magazines, televisions”, etc. Sometimes, if a girl doesn’t
engage herself in dating, some may considered her as "weird", maybe because in the
western society today, there are no more things such as Maria Clara's, which refers to
those who are a little bit conscious in dating as well as engaging in romantic
relationships. She said that majority of the people would expect girls to already have a
dating partner especially when girls reach into their adolescent stage. She also added
that this dating is usually considered as a threshold or the first step towards romantic
relationships. After conducting her study, she concluded that dating/romantic
relationships have "negative and positive" outcomes into the academic performance of
someone involved – positive in the sense that dating gives inspiration/motivation for
girls to do well in their academic works, if and only if girls will know how to manage time
wisely and properly and that girls will not take dating seriously. On the other hand this
will become negative if it will just cause "distraction".
According also to the result of Alma Mae J. Bernales and Fretzy Colonia (2011)
study on The Effects of Romantic Relationships on the Academic Performance of
University of the Philippines- Cebu College Student (A.Y. 2011-2012). The results
indicate that students who were involved in Romantic relationship have decreased their
general weighed average and spent more time with their partner than in studying. The
time spent in studying acquired a weighted mean of 3 (Sometimes) while the time spent
with partner acquired a weighted mean of 6 (Almost Always). There is a slight
relationship between the academic performance and time spent in studying, there is no
enough statistical evidence found in the data which shows that academic performance
is depends on the time spent in studying. Moreover, data gathered from the interview
also supported the results. The respondents were more pressured in managing their
time the moment their romantic partners call or would like to communicate them. They
showed that their romantic partners are given the priority instead of studying, making
projects, or assignments and the like, thus making the academic performance gets
affected.
Scope and Limitations
This research will focus on the Correlation of Romantic Relationships on the
Academic Performance of College of Teacher Education Students. The researchers
made use of the selective sampling method in the selection of the respondents since
the study is focus on a particular group (students involved in romantic relationship). It is
randomly students who were involved in a relationship in the A.Y. 2016-2017 became
the respondents of the study.
sSignificance of the Study

This study aimed to determine the Correlates of Romantic Relationship to the
Academic Performance of the CTE students of academic year 2016- 2017. This found
out how the CTE students manage their time in which study and romantic side is
involved. Additionally, it determines the levels of motivation and anxiety of the
respondents.
The result of this study would let the student aware on the Correlates of romantic
relationship on the academic performance of a student especially on its negative
effects. These concluded data would also make the students who are involved in
romantic relationship assess their time management between romantic and academic
aspects.
Findings of this study would also raise the awareness of the parents of the
students who are spending their time in both academic and romantic aspects. These
findings could benefit them so that they could give advices and also guide their children
on how to balance time wisely, and as parents, they are tasked to motivate their
children to prioritize their study and minimize factors of romantic relationship.
For the teachers, the information that they would get in this study would help
them guide and give proper attention to their students who are involved in romantic
relationship so that teachers could also help in increasing the academic performance of
their students not just by teaching them lessons on the course/subjects they handled.
Definition of Terms
Academic Performance
It is the students who are involved having in relationship on how they
accomplished their school achievements and balanced their time while they are
studying. The impact of the students’ academic performance while they engaging
relationship.
Parents
It is the parents how they give support their son or daughters who are involved in
romantic relationship while studying to maintain their academic performance.
Relationship
It is the students who are engaged in dating or in relationship while they are
studying. It is the students who are attaching to each other or in romantic relationship
between two people.
Students
It is the students who are involved in romantic relationship on how they manage
their time through academic performance with their partner.
Teachers
It is the teacher how they assist or evaluate the performance of the students
which is involved in romantic relationship if the students got motivated in school. The
teacher determined his/her student performance on how students accomplished their
task in school.
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHOLODOGY
In this chapter present the method used: the research utilizes to obtain the
needed data and information including its preparation, validation and administration on
the respondents, other research techniques employed and the statistical treatments.
Research Design
The researchers implemented the simple descriptive design. This design used
survey questionnaires which were distributed to the respondents in order to attain the
main objective of the study which is to examine the effects of romantic relationships on
students’ academic performance. The survey or the research itself tried to describe,
analyze and interpret the status of the respondents.
The design is a non-experimental correlation research. This design investigated
the relationship of the variables without manipulating them. The two main variables
evaluated were academic performance and romantic relationship which involves time
management, levels of motivation and anxiety.
Description of the Respondents
The research is conduct in Surigao Del Sur State University- Main Campus to the
College of Teacher Education to 3rd levels students during the first semester, academic
year 2016-2017. First year to Fourth years students who are involve in romantic
relationship in the A.Y. 2016-2017 became the respondents of the study.
Research Instrument
The researchers will use the questionnaire in their study. They will prepare a set
of questions design to operate data necessary from accomplishing the aim of this study.
The respondents will be given survey questionnaires to provide the necessary data
needed in the study.
The survey questionnaires will consist of a broad range of questions aimed at
gauging the students’ involvement in romantic relationship and its adverse effects on
their academic achievement. Each questionnaire will have 3 parts. The first part of the
questionnaire will regard the profile of the respondent (i.e., name, gender, general
weighted average). The second part will comprise the status of time management of the
respondent. The third and fourth part will consider the levels of motivation and anxiety of
the respondent as a student. These two last parts are in Liker scale form in which
respondents will be asked to indicate whether they strongly agree, agree, undecided,
disagree or strongly disagree in the given statements.
Questionnaire
Dear Respondent,
Good day! We are researchers, a third year students taking up Bachelor of
Elementary Education. We are conducting a study about the “Correlates Romantic
Relationship to the Academic Performance of CTE Students”. We would like to ask a
little of your time to answer this survey questionnaire. Please answer it with all honesty.
We are hoping for your kind cooperation.
Thank you!
Sincerely Yours,
The Researchers
Part I. Personal Information

Direction: Please fill in the needed information below.
Name (Optional): Sex:
GPA: First Semester A.Y. 2017-2018:
Part II. Hours spend in studying alone and with your lover
Direction: Please check (/) the answer that corresponds to your choice.
How often do you spend studying;

alone? with your lover?
Always (above 10 hrs/week) Always (above 10 hrs/week)

Almost always (5-10 hrs/week) Almost always (5-10 hrs/week)
Sometimes (1-4 hrs/week) Sometimes (1-4 hrs/week)
Part III. Anxiety Scale

Legend:
SD - Strong Disagree U - Undecided SA -Strongly Agree
D - Disagree A - Agree
SA A U D SD
Indicators
1. I feel motivated to study when my lover shows care in
my study.
2. I feel motivated to get good grades because my lover
always encouraged me to have good grades.
3. I feel motivated to my study because my lover helps me
with my studies.
4. I feel motivated to do my projects because my lover
encouraged me to do so.
5. I feel motivated to study when I’m with my lover.
6. I’m inspired to finish my course when I have a romantic

lover.
7. I get more comfortable when I discuss my problems and
concerns in my studies to my lover.
8. I enjoy studying when I’m in a relationship.
9. Whenever I think of my lover, I get motivated to study

my lessons.
10. I feel motivated to study because my parents allow me
to be involved in a romantic relationship.
Part III. Anxiety Scale

Legend:
SD - Strong Disagree U - Undecided SA -Strongly Agree
D - Disagree A - Agree
SA A U D SD
Indicators
1. I can’t concentrate on my studies whenever we have
misunderstanding.
2. I can’t fix my attention on my studies because I feel worried that
this romantic relationship won’t work out.
3. I often miss my classes because of hanging out with my lover.
4. I can’t concentrate on my studies because my parents don’t like

my lover.
5. I can’t catch up with my lessons because I often hang out with

my lover.
6. I hardly give my attention on my studies because I feel worried
about being left by my lover.
7. I can’t pass my projects and homework on time even if I’m in a
relationship.
8. I can’t focus on my studies because I think that my lover doesn’t
really love me.
9. I think I can’t get higher grades when I’m involved in a romantic
relationship.
10. I feel worried about my studies because my parents might know
that I’m in a relationship.
Reference Cited
A. Printed Sources
1. Research Papers
Balaba, C., Betos, R., Galvadores, R., Felisco, C., & Atupan, E. (2008). Awareness of
negative effects of premarital sex relationship among college students of Bohol
Island State University Cogtong Candijay Campus, Cogtong, Candijay, Bohol

(Unpublished undergraduate thesis). Bohol Island State University Cogtong
Candijay Campus.
Bernales, A. , Colonia F., The Effects of Romantic Relationships on the Academic
Performance of University of the Philippines – Cebu College Students (A.Y.
2011-2012), A Research Paper, University of the Philippines Cebu College,
Lahug, Cebu City
2. Books
Lucas, M. R., & Corpuz, B. (2007). Facilitating learning: A metacognitive process.

Philippines: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
Myers, D. (2010). Social psychology. London: McGraw-hill Companies.
Pelt, N. (2004). The compleat courtship. Philippines: Philippine Publishing House.
Zulueta, F. & Maglaya, E. (2004). Foundations of Education. Philippines: National Book

Store.
B. Online Sources
1. Online Research Papers
Crissey, S.R. (2006). Gender references in the academic consequences of adolescent
heterosexual romantic relationships (Doctoral dissertation). Available from Proquest
dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1179965251)
Phelps, K. (2007). Partners, parents, and peers ‘effects on African American youths’
school achievement (Doctoral dissertation). Graduate College of Bowling Green state
University. Retrieved fromhttp://etd.ohilink.edu/send-pdf.cgi/Phelps%20Kenyatta%20D.

pdf?bgsu1194313802
Raman, J. (2010). Correlates of tertiary student life satisfaction (Masteral thesis).
Retrievedfromhttp://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/bitstream/10289/5049/3/thesis.pdf

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Republic of the Philippines

SURIGAO DEL SUR STATE UNIVERSITY

THE LIVED EXPERINCES OF BEING A SINGLE PARENT TO THE CTE STUDENTS

College Of Teacher Education

Main Campus-Tandag City

Of Academic Requirements for Research 1

Martinez, Mary Mae B.

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

mothers, headed by fathers, headed by a grandparent raising their grandchildren. Life in

the nuclear family does not have to face.

obtain graduate level education. Literature highlights their overrepresentation at and

at social service agencies and educational institutions.

Moreover, some students on the College Of Teacher Education have also

involved themselves single parents.

Conceptual /Theoretical Framework

A Romantic Relationship is placed in the framework to specify the kind of

relationship which will be studied. According to Laslocky (2013), Need to Belong

If we find ourselves in relationships whether it be with a friend, boyfriend, girlfriend, or

contributes to the betterment of relationship. The levels of motivation and anxiety

these reactions affect the academic performance of the individual.

task which also require time are affected.

Figure 1. Schematic Diagram of the Study

Statement of the problem

The main thrust of the study is to determine the correlation of romantic

relationships to the academic performance of the CTE students A.Y. 2017-2018.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

2. How many hours you spend your time in studying

2.1 alone, and

2.2 with lover?

3. What is the level of anxiety of the respondents to perform their tasks as a

4. What is the level of motivation of the respondents to perform their tasks as a

5. Is there a significant influence of the romantic relationship to the academic

performance of the student?

6. What intervention program can be proposed?

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES

Humans involved themselves in a romantic relationship for variety of reasons.

during teenage years, as adolescents wants to explore the social world.

According to Luqman (2009) said that an adolescent relationship plays an

important role to adolescents as it develops the ability for committed relationships.

also added that it is

be present to the development of adolescents in various aspects such as

“transformation of family relationships, close relationships with peers, sexuality, and

career planning” (Furman, 2002).

According to Furman (2002), romantic relationships become more and more

development of every adolescents.

even though romantic relationship plays an important role in the development of an

prone to problems in adjustment when they got involved in romantic relationships at an

early stage of their adolescent life.

a disturbance. Having a romantic relationship is really disturbing because a student will

approach of motivation, the desirable properties of external stimuli – whether grades,

money, affection, food, or sex – account for person’s motivation.

A review of taxonomy by Acevedo and Aron (2009) examined theories and

research to assess long-term relationships with the possibility of romantic love

satisfaction, well-being and high self-esteem. Analysis suggested that community

very high levels of romantic love.

subsamples. He concluded that effects of academic achievement vary on race. Part of

orientation and behaviors towards romantic relationship affects their academic

affect academic performance of students such as personal relationships vary in each