March 11, 2015 On January 22, 2003, private respondents filed their Reply-

Affidavit,5 asserting that Perez was the one who showed them
G.R. No. 176033 photocopies of the registration paper of the motor vehicles in the name of
Aguinaldo, as well as the one who personally took them out from the
FELILIBETH AGUINALDO and BENJAMIN PEREZ, Petitioners, rent-a-car company.
vs.
REYNALDO P. VENTUS and JOJO B. JOSON, Respondents. On January 29, 2003, Perez filed his Rejoinder-Affidavit,6 stating that
neither original nor photocopies of the registration was required by
DECISION private respondents to be submitted to them because from the very start,
they were informed by Aguinaldo that she merely leased the vehicles
from LEDC Rent-a-Car.
PERALTA, J.:
On February 25, 2003, Assistant City Prosecutor (ACP) Renato F.
Before the Court is a Petition for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of
Gonzaga issued a Resolution7 recommending both petitioners to be
the Rules of Court, seeking to nullify and set aside the Decision1 dated
indicted in court for estafa under Article 315, paragraph (2) of the
August 11, 2006 of the Court of Appeals (CA) and its December 4, 2006
Revised Penal Code (RPC). He also noted that Aguinaldo failed to
Resolution2 in CA-G.R. SP No. 92094. The CA dismissed for lack of merit
appear and to submit any controverting evidence despite the subpoena.
the Petition for Certiorari under Rule 65 filed by petitioners Felilibeth
Aguinaldo and Benjamin Perez, praying for the following reliefs: (1) the
issuance of a Writ of Preliminary Injunction and/or Temporary Restraining On July 16, 2003, an Information8 (I.S. No. 02L-51569) charging
Order to enjoin the public respondent Judge Felixberto T. Olalia from petitioners with the crime of estafa under Article 315, paragraph 2 (a) of
implementing the Orders dated May 16, 2005 and August 23, 2005; (2) the RPC was filed with the Regional Trial Court of Manila. Docketed as
the issuance of a Writ of Certiorari to annul the said Orders, and (3) the Criminal Case No. 03-216182, entitled "People of the Philippines v.
dismissal of the estafa case against them for having been prematurely Felilibeth Aguinaldo and Benjamin Perez," the case was raffled to the
filed and for lack of cause of action. public respondent.

The procedural antecedents are as follows: On July 31, 2003, Perez was arrested, so he filed an Urgent Motion for
Reduction of Bail to be Posted in Cash, which the public respondent
granted in an Order of even date.9
On December 2, 2002, private respondents Reynaldo P. Ventus and Jojo
B. Joson filed a Complaint-Affidavit3 for estafa against petitioners
Aguinaldo and Perez before the Office of the City Prosecutor (OCP) of On the same day, petitioners filed through counsel a Very Urgent Motion
Manila. Claiming to be business partners in financing casino players, to Recall or Quash Warrants of Arrest,10alleging that the Resolution dated
private respondents alleged that sometime in March and April 2002, February 25, 2003 has not yet attained finality, and that they intended to
petitioners connived in convincing them to part with their Two Hundred file a motion for reconsideration.
Sixty Thousand (P260,000.00) Pesos in consideration of a pledge of two
motor vehicles which the latter had misrepresented to be owned by On August 4, 2003, petitioners jointly filed with the OCP of Manila their
Aguinaldo, but turned out to be owned by one Levita De Castro, "Motion for Reconsideration and Motion for the Withdrawal of the
manager/operator of LEDC Rent-A-Car. Information Prematurely Filed With the Regional Trial Court, Branch 8,
City of Manila."11 Citing the Counter-Affidavit and Rejoinder-Affidavit of
On January 15, 2003, Perez filed his Counter-Affidavit,4 denying the Perez, Aguinaldo asserted, among others, that no deceit or false
accusation against him, and claiming that his only participation in the pretenses was committed because private respondents were fully aware
transaction between private respondents and Aguinaldo was limited to that she does not own the pledged motor vehicles.
having initially introduced them to each other.
On August 6, 2003, the public respondent issued an Order12 granting the Arrest.22 De Castro alleged that she was the private complainant in the
motion for withdrawal of information, and directing the recall of the arrest estafa case that had been ordered archived. Petitioners filed an
warrant only insofar as Aguinaldo was concerned, pending resolution of Opposition with Motion to Expunge,23 alleging that De Castro is not a
her motion for reconsideration with the OCP. party to the said case, which is in active file, awaiting the resolution of
their petition for review before the DOJ.
On August 9, 2003, petitioners filed an Urgent Motion for Cancellation of
Arraignment, pending resolution of their motion for reconsideration filed On October 15, 2004, De Castro filed a Manifestation24 informing the
with the OCP of Manila. Upon the prosecution's motion,13 the public public respondent that the DOJ had already promulgated a Resolution
respondent ordered the proceedings to be deferred until the resolution of dated September 6, 2004 denying petitioners' petition for review in I.S.
petitioners' motion for reconsideration.14 No. 02G- 29349 & 02G-28820 for estafa, entitled "Levita De Castro v.
Felilibeth Aguinaldo."25
On December 23, 2003, the public respondent ordered the case archived
pending resolution of petitioners' motion for reconsideration with the OCP On May 16, 2005, the public respondent issued an Order granting the
of Manila.15 Motion to Reinstate Case and to Issue Warrant of Arrest, thus:

On January 16, 2004, the OCP of Manila, through ACP Antonio M. Israel, Pending with this Court are (1) Motion to Reinstate Case and to Issue
filed a Motion to Set Case for Trial,16considering that petitioners' motions Warrant of Arrest against accused Aguinaldo filed by private prosecutor
for reconsideration and for withdrawal of the information have already with conformity of the public prosecutor. x x x
been denied for lack of merit.
It appears from the records that:
On February 27, 2004, petitioners filed with the Department of Justice
(DOJ) a petition for review17 in I.S. No. 02L-51569 for estafa, entitled (1)the warrant of arrest issued against accused Aguinaldo was
"Benjamin Perez and Felilibeth Aguinaldo v. Reynaldo P. Ventus and recalled pending resolution of the Petition for Review filed with
Jojo B. Joson." the DOJ; x x x

Acting on the prosecution's recommendation for the denial of petitioners' (2)the Petition for Review was subsequently dismissed
motions for reconsideration and withdrawal of the information, and its
motion to set the case for trial, the public respondent issued an xxx
Order18 dated March 15, 2004 directing the issuance of a warrant of arrest
against Aguinaldo and the setting of the case for arraignment.
(3)accused Aguinaldo has not yet posted bail bond.
On March 26, 2004, petitioners filed an Urgent Motion to Cancel
In view of the foregoing, (the) Motion to Reinstate Case and to Issue
Arraignment and Suspend Further Proceedings,19until their petition for
Warrant of Arrest is GRANTED. Let this case be REINSTATED and let
review before the DOJ is resolved with finality. Petitioners reiterated the
warrant of arrest be issued against accused Aguinaldo.
same prayer in their Urgent Motion for Reconsideration20 of the Order
dated March 15, 2004.
xxxx
On April 16, 2004, the public respondent granted petitioners' urgent
motion to cancel arraignment and suspend proceedings, and motion for SO ORDERED.26
reconsideration.21
On May 30, 2005, petitioners filed a Motion for Reconsideration with
On June 23, 2004, Levita De Castro, through the Law Firm of Lapeña Motion to Quash Warrant of Arrest.27
and Associates, filed a Motion to Reinstate Case and to Issue Warrant of
On August 23, 2005, the public respondent issued an Order denying arrest warrant against Aguinaldo. They point out that the Motion to
petitioners' Motion for Reconsideration with Motion to Quash Warrant of Reinstate the Case and to Issue a Warrant of Arrest against Aguinaldo
Arrest, and setting petitioners' arraignment, as the Revised Rules on was filed by De Castro who is not a party in Criminal Case No. 03-
Criminal Procedure (or Rules of Court) allows only a 60-day period of 216182, entitled "People of the Philippines v. Felilibeth Aguinaldo and
suspension of arraignment. Citing Crespo v. Mogul,28he also ruled that the Benjamin Perez," instead of private complainants Reynaldo P. Ventus
issuance of the warrant of arrest is best left to the discretion of the trial and Jojo B. Joson. They also assert that said motion was erroneously
court. He also noted that records do not show that the DOJ has resolved granted based on the purported denial of their petition for review by the
the petition for review, although photocopies were presented by De DOJ, despite a Certification showing that their actual petition in I.S.
Castro. Number 02L-51569, entitled "Reynaldo Ventus, et al. v. Felilibeth
Aguinaldo," has not yet been resolved and is still pending with the DOJ.
Aggrieved, petitioners filed with the CA a Petition for Certiorari under
Rule 65 of the Rules of Court, attributing grave abuse of discretion On the second issue, petitioners argue that the provision of Section 11,
amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction on the part of the public Rule 116 of the Rules of Court limiting the suspension for arraignment to
respondent in issuing the Orders dated May 16, 2005 and August 23, only sixty (60) days is merely directory; thus, it cannot deprive petitioners
2005. On August 11, 2006, the CA dismissed the petition for lack of of their procedural right to due process, as their petition for review has
merit. Petitioners filed a motion for reconsideration, but the CA denied it not yet been resolved by the DOJ.
in a Resolution29 dated December 4, 2006. Hence, this instant petition for
review on certiorari. On the third issue, petitioners take exception that even before they could
receive a copy of the DOJ resolution denying their petition for review, and
Petitioners raise the following issues: thus move for its reconsideration, the Information in Criminal Case No.
03-216182 had already been filed with the RTC on July 16, 2003. They
I. contend that such precipitate filing of the Information and issuance of a
warrant of arrest put petitioners at the risk of incarceration without the
THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS FAILED TO APPRECIATE preliminary investigation having been completed because they were not
THAT THE MOTION TO REINSTATE THE CASE AND ISSUE A afforded their right to file a motion for reconsideration of the DOJ
WARRANT OF ARREST WAS FILED BY ONE LEVITA DE CASTRO resolution. In support of their contention, they raise the following
WHO IS NOT A PARTY TO CRIMINAL CASE NO. 03-21[6]182. arguments: that the right to preliminary investigation is a substantive, not
merely a procedural right; that an Information filed without affording the
respondent his right to file a motion for reconsideration of an adverse
II.
resolution, is fatally premature; and, that a denial of a complete
preliminary investigation deprives the accused of the full measure of his
A PROCEDURAL TECHINICALITY THAT THE SUSPENSION right to due process and infringes on his constitutional right to liberty.
ALLOWED FOR ARRAIGNMENT IS ALREADY BEYOND THE 60- DAY
PERIOD MAY BE RELAXED IN THE INTEREST OF AN ORDERLY AND
The petition is denied for lack of merit.
SPEEDY ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE.
On the first issue, petitioners are correct in pointing out that the Motion to
III.
Reinstate the Case and Issue a Warrant of Arrest31 was filed by one
Levita De Castro who is not a party to Criminal Case No. 03-216182.
THE PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE I.S. NO. 02L-51569 Records show that De Castro is not even a private complainant, but a
(CRIMINAL CASE NO. 03-21[6]182) BY THE OFFICE OF THE CITY mere witness for being the owner of the vehicles allegedly used by
PROSECUTOR OF MANILA HAS NOT YET BEEN COMPLETED.30 petitioners in defrauding and convincing private respondents to part with
their P260,000.00. Thus, the public respondent should have granted
On the first issue, petitioners argue that the public respondent erred in petitioners' motion to expunge, and treated De Castro's motion as a mere
issuing the Order dated May 16, 2005 reinstating the case and issuing an
scrap of paper with no legal effect, as it was filed by one who is not a In Heirs of Feraren v. Court of Appeals,38 the Court ruled that in a long
party to that case. line of decisions, it has repeatedly held that while rules of procedure are
liberally construed, the provisions on reglementary periods are strictly
Petitioners are also correct in noting that De Castro's motion was granted applied, indispensable as they are to the prevention of needless delays,
based on the purported dismissal of their petition for review with the DOJ. and are necessary to the orderly and speedy discharge of judicial
In reinstating the case and issuing the arrest warrant against Aguinaldo, business. After all, rules of procedure do not exist for the convenience of
the public respondent erroneously relied on the DOJ Resolution dated the litigants, and they are not to be trifled with lightly or overlooked by the
September 6, 2004 dismissing the petition for review in a different case, mere expedience of invoking "substantial justice." Relaxation or
i.e., I.S. No. 02G-29349 & 02G-28820, entitled "Levita De Castro v. suspension of procedural rules, or the exemption of a case from their
Felilibeth Aguinaldo, for two (2) counts of estafa." As correctly noted by operation, is warranted only by compelling reasons or when the purpose
petitioners, however, their petition for review with the DOJ is still pending of justice requires it.39
resolution. In particular, Assistant Chief State Prosecutor Miguel F.
Guido, Jr. certified that based on available records of the Office of the Consistent with the foregoing jurisprudence, and there being no such
Chief State Prosecutor, their petition for review filed in I.S. Number 02L- reasons shown to warrant relaxation of procedural rules in this case, the
51569, entitled "Reynaldo Ventus, et al. v. Felilibeth Aguinaldo" for CA correctly ruled, thus:
estafa, is still pending resolution as of May 27, 2005.32 It bears stressing
that their petition stemmed from Criminal Case No. 03-216812, entitled In the case at bar, the petitioners' petition for review was filed with the
"People of the Philippines v. Felilibeth Aguinaldo and Benjamin Perez" Secretary of Justice on February 27, 2004. As early as April 16, 2004,
wherein the public respondent issued the interlocutory orders assailed upon the petitioners' motion, the arraignment of the petitioners herein
before the CA, and now before the Court. was ordered deferred by the public respondent. We believe that the
period of one year and one month from April 16, 2004 to May 16, 2005
On the second issue, the Court disagrees with petitioners' contention that when the public respondent ordered the issuance of a warrant for the
the provision of Section 11 (c),33 Rule 116 of the Rules of Court limiting arrest of petitioner Aguinaldo, was more than ample time to give the
the suspension for arraignment to only sixty (60) days is merely directory; petitioners the opportunity to obtain a resolution of their petition for review
thus, the estafa case against them cannot proceed until the DOJ resolves from the DOJ. The petitioners though submitted a Certification from the
their petition for review with finality. DOJ dated May 30, 2005 stating that their petition for review is pending
resolution by the Department as of May 27, 2005. However, such delay in
In Samson v. Judge Daway,34 the Court explained that while the the resolution does not extend the period of 60 days prescribed under the
pendency of a petition for review is a ground for suspension of the afore-quoted Section 11(c), Rule 116 of the Revised Rules on Criminal
arraignment, the aforecited provision limits the deferment of the Procedure. Besides, the petitioners may be faulted for the delay in the
arraignment to a period of 60 days reckoned from the filing of the petition resolution of their petition. According to their counsel, she received the
with the reviewing office. It follows, therefore, that after the expiration of letter dated April 15, 2004 from the DOJ requiring her to submit the
said period, the trial court is bound to arraign the accused or to deny the pertinent pleadings relative to petitioners' petition for review; admittedly,
motion to defer arraignment.35 however, the same was complied with only on October 15, 2004. We
therefore find that the trial court did not commit grave abuse of discretion
In Diño v. Olivarez,36 the Court held that it did not sanction an indefinite in issuing the assailed orders.40
suspension of the proceedings in the trial court. Its reliance on the
reviewing authority, the Justice Secretary, to decide the appeal at the On the third issue, the Court is likewise unconvinced by petitioners'
soonest possible time was anchored on the rule provided under argument that the precipitate filing of the Information and the issuance of
Department Memorandum Order No. 12, dated 3 July 2000, which a warrant of arrest put petitioners at the risk of incarceration without the
mandates that the period for the disposition of appeals or petitions for preliminary investigation having been completed because they were not
review shall be seventy- five (75) days.37 afforded their right to file a motion for reconsideration of the DOJ
resolution.
While they are correct in stating that the right to preliminary investigation On whether petitioners were accorded their right to a complete
is a substantive, not merely a procedural right, petitioners are wrong in preliminary investigation as part of their right to due process, the Court
arguing that the Information filed, without affording the respondent his rules in the affirmative. Having submitted his Counter-Affidavit and
right to file a motion for reconsideration of an adverse DOJ resolution, is Rejoinder- Affidavit to the OCP of Manila before the filing of Information
fatally premature. In support of their argument, petitioners cite Sales v. for estafa, Perez cannot be heard to decry that his right to preliminary
Sandiganbayan41 wherein it was held that since filing of a motion for investigation was not completed. For her part, while Aguinaldo was not
reconsideration is an integral part of the preliminary investigation proper, personally informed of any notice of preliminary investigation prior to the
an Information filed without first affording the accused his right to a filing of the Information, she was nonetheless given opportunity to be
motion for reconsideration, is tantamount to a denial of the right itself to a heard during such investigation. In petitioners' motion for
preliminary investigation. reconsideration47 of the February 25, 2003 Resolution of ACP Gonzaga,
Aguinaldo relied mostly on the Counter- Affidavit and Rejoinder-Affidavit
The Court finds petitioners' reliance on Sales42 as misplaced. A closer of Perez to assail the recommendation of the prosecutor to indict her for
look into said case would reveal that the accused therein was denied his estafa. Since the filing of such motion for reconsideration was held to be
right to move for a reconsideration or a reinvestigation of an adverse consistent with the principle of due process and allowed under Section 56
resolution in a preliminary investigation under the Rules of Procedure of of the Manual for Prosecutors,48 she cannot complain denial of her right to
the Ombudsman before the filing of an Information. In contrast, preliminary investigation.
petitioners in this case were afforded their right to move for
reconsideration of the adverse resolution in a preliminary investigation Both petitioners cannot, therefore, claim denial of their right to a complete
when they filed their "Motion for Reconsideration and Motion for the preliminary investigation as part of their right to due process. After all,
Withdrawal of Information Prematurely Filed with the Regional Trial "[d]ue process simply demands an opportunity to be heard. Due process
Court, Branch 8, City of Manila,"43 pursuant to Section 3 of the 2000 is satisfied when the parties are afforded a fair and reasonable
National Prosecution Service (NPS Rule on Appeal)44 and Section 56 of opportunity to explain their respective sides of the controversy. Where an
the Manual for Prosecutors45 . opportunity to be heard either through oral arguments or through
pleadings is accorded, there is no denial of procedural due process."49
With the Information for estafa against petitioners having been filed on
July 16, 2003, the public respondent cannot be faulted with grave abuse In fine, the Court holds that public respondent erred in issuing the May
of discretion in issuing the August 23, 2005 Order denying their motion to 16, 2005 Order granting the Motion to Reinstate Case and to Issue
quash warrant of arrest, and setting their arraignment, pending the final Warrant of Arrest, as it was filed by one who is not a party to the case,
resolution of their petition for review by the DOJ. The Court believes that and it was based on the DOJ's dismissal of a petition for review in a
the period of almost one (1) year and seven (7) months from the time different case. Nevertheless, the Court upholds the CA ruling that the
petitioners filed their petition for review with the DOJ on February 27, public respondent committed no grave abuse of discretion when he
2004 to September 14, 200546 when the trial court finally set their issued the August 23, 2005 Order denying petitioners' motion to quash
arraignment, was more than ample time to give petitioners the warrant of arrest, and setting their arraignment, despite the pendency of
opportunity to obtain a resolution of their petition. In fact, the public their petition for review with the DOJ. For one, the public respondent had
respondent had been very liberal with petitioners in applying Section 11 been very liberal in applying Section 11 (c), Rule 116 of the Rules of
(c), Rule 116 of the Rules of Court which limits the suspension of Court which allows suspension of arraignment for a period of 60 days
arraignment to a 60-day period from the filing of such petition. Indeed, only. For another, records show that petitioners were given opportunity to
with more than eleven (11) years having elapsed from the filing of the be heard during the preliminary investigation of their estafa case.
petition for review and petitioners have yet to be arraigned, it is now high
time for the continuation of the trial on the merits in the criminal case Considering that this case had been held in abeyance long enough
below, as the 60-day period counted from the filing of the petition for without petitioners having been arraigned, the Court directs the remand
review with the DOJ had long lapsed. of this case to the trial court for trial on the merits with strict observance
of Circular No. 38-98 dated August 11, 1998, or the "Implementing the
Provisions of Republic Act No. 8493, entitled 'An Act to Ensure a Speedy
Trial of All Criminal Cases Before the Sandiganbayan, Regional Trial SO ORDERED.
Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, Municipal
Trial Court and Municipal Circuit Trial Court, Appropriating Funds
Therefor, and for Other Purposes.'" In this regard, suffice it to state that
petitioners cannot invoke violation of their right to speedy trial because
Section 9 (3) of Circular No. 38-98 excludes in computing the time within
which trial must commence the delay resulting from extraordinary
remedies against interlocutory orders, such as their petitions before the
CA and the Court.

Finally, in order to avoid delay in the proceedings, judges are reminded

that the pendency of a motion for reconsideration, motion for
reinvestigation, or petition for review is not a cause for the quashal of a
warrant of arrest previously issued because the quashal of a warrant of
arrest may only take place upon the finding that no probable cause
exists. Moreover, judges should take note of the following:

1.If there is a pending motion for reconsideration or motion for

reinvestigation of the resolution of the public prosecutor, the court may
suspend the proceedings upon motion by the parties. However, the court
should set the arraignment of the accused and direct the public
prosecutor to submit the resolution disposing of the motion on or before
the period fixed by the court, which in no instance could be more than the
period fixed by the court counted from the granting of the motion to
suspend arraignment, otherwise the court will proceed with the
arraignment as scheduled and without further delay.

2.If there is a pending petition for review before the DOJ, the court may
suspend the proceedings upon motion by the parties. However, the court
should set the arraignment of the accused and direct the DOJ to submit
the resolution disposing of the petition on or before the period fixed by
the Rules which, in no instance, could be more than sixty (60) days from
the filing of the Petition for Review before the DOJ, otherwise, the court
will proceed with the arraignment as scheduled and without further delay.

WHEREFORE, premises considered, the petition is DENIED. The

Decision dated August 11, 2006 of the Court of Appeals and its
Resolution dated December 4, 2006 in CA-G.R. SP No. 92094, are
AFFIRMED. Considering that the proceedings in this criminal case had
been held in abeyance long enough, let the records of this case be
remanded to the trial court which is hereby DIRECTED to try the case on
the merits with dispatch in accordance with the Court's Circular No. 38-98
dated August 11, 1998.