Part PWT: General
Part PWT: General
Part PWT: General
General
PWT-1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Materials
PWT-5 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
Design
PWT-8 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
PWT-9 Tubes and Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
PWT-10 Tube Wall Thickness . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
PWT-11 Tube Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
PWT-12 Staybolting Box Type Headers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PWT-13 Staying Segment of Heads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PWT-14 Firing Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PWT-15 Access and Firing Doors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Figures
PWT-12.1 Box Type Header Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
PWT-12.2 Method of Forming Waterleg Joints by Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Table
PWT-10 Maximum Allowable Working Pressures for Seamless Steel and Electric
Resistance Welded Steel Tubes or Nipples for Watertube Boilers, Where
Expanded Into Drums or Headers, for Different Diameters and Gages of
Tubes Conforming to the Requirements of Specifications SA-178
Grade A, SA-192, and SA-226 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
125
PART PWT
REQUIREMENTS
FOR WATERTUBE BOILERS
127
PWT-11 1998 SECTION I PWT-11.3
TABLE PWT-10
MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE WORKING PRESSURES FOR SEAMLESS STEEL AND ELECTRIC RESISTANCE WELDED
STEEL TUBES OR NIPPLES FOR WATERTUBE BOILERS, WHERE EXPANDED INTO DRUMS OR HEADERS, FOR
DIFFERENT DIAMETERS AND GAGES OF TUBES CONFORMING TO THE REQUIREMENTS OF SPECIFICATIONS
SA-178 GRADE A, SA-192, AND SA-226
0.055 17 − 590 350 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...
0.065 16 1090 670 470 410 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.075 15 + 1600 1000 720 620 550 430 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.085 14 + ... 1340 960 840 740 590 490 410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.095 13 ... ... . . . 1990 1760 760 630 530 460 400 350 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.105 12 − ... ... . . . . . . 1980 1600 1340 1150 570 500 440 390 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
0.120 11 ... ... . . . . . . . . . 1870 1570 1340 1170 1040 930 840 460 420 390 . . . . . . . . .
0.135 10 + ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 1790 1540 1340 1190 1060 960 880 800 740 680 . . . . . .
0.150 9+ ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 1740 1520 1340 1200 1090 990 910 840 780 670 590
0.165 8 ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1940 1690 1500 1340 1210 1100 1020 940 870 760 670
0.180 7 ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1660 1480 1340 1220 1120 1040 960 840 740
0.200 6− ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1670 1520 1380 1270 1170 1090 950 840
0.220 5 ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1690 1540 1420 1310 1210 1060 940
0.240 4+ ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1700 1570 1450 1340 1170 1040
0.260 3+ ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1720 1590 1470 1290 1140
0.280 2− ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2040 1870 1730 1600 1400 1240
0.300 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2020 1870 1740 1520 1340
0.320 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2010 1870 1630 1450
0.340 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2000 1750 1550
0.360 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870 1660
0.380 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1990 1760
0.400 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1870
0.420 ... ... ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1980
GENERAL NOTES:
(a) These values have been calculated by the formula in PG-27.2.1, using allowable stress values at a temperature of 700°F, from Table 1A
of Section II, Part D. Values above the solid line include an additional thickness of 0.04 in. to compensate for thinning of tube ends due
to the expanding process.
(b) Where calculated allowable working pressures exceeded an even unit of 10 by more than 1, the next higher unit of 10 is given in the table.
PWT-11 TUBE CONNECTIONS 3⁄ in. (10 mm), and the tubes are reexpanded after
8
welding. Alternatively, the tubes may be seal welded
Tubes, pipe, and nipples may be attached to shells,
and rolled without flaring, provided the throat of the
heads, headers, and fittings by one of the following
seal weld is not more than 3⁄8 in. (10 mm).
methods.
PWT-11.1 The ends of all tubes, suspension tubes,
PWT-11.2 Superheater, reheater, waterwall, or econo-
and nipples of watertube boilers and superheaters shall
mizer tubes may be welded to tubular manifolds, head-
project through the tubesheets or headers not less than
1⁄ in. (6 mm) nor more than 3⁄ in. (19 mm) before ers, or drums and tube ends or weld necks may be
4 4
welded to drums, all without expanding or flaring,
flaring. Where tubes enter at an angle, the maximum
provided the connections comply with the requirements
limit of 3⁄4 in. (19 mm) shall apply only at the point
of PW-15 and PW-16. The welds shall be postweld
of least projection. The tubes shall be expanded, and
heat treated when required by PG-39.
flared to an outside diameter of at least 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm)
greater than the diameter of the tube hole or they may
be flared not less than 1⁄8 in. (3.2 mm), rolled and PWT-11.3 Pipe used for tubes as provided in PWT-
beaded, or flared, rolled and welded except as provided 9.2 may be attached by threading instead of expanding
in PWT-11.2; or rolled and seal welded without flaring, and flaring, provided the requirements in PG-39.5 are
provided the throat of the seal weld is not more than conformed to.
128
PWT-11.4 PART PWT — REQUIREMENTS FOR WATERTUBE BOILERS PWT-14
(p /2 + r)
where
pp pitch permitted by PG-46, in.
rp radius of waterleg bottom curvature, in. (not to
exceed 2 in.)
The design pressure does not exceed 200 psi (1400 kPa),
FIG. PWT-12.2 METHOD OF FORMING the welded joint is not exposed to the products of
WATERLEG JOINTS BY WELDING combustion, and the welded structure is postweld heat
treated. Radiographic examination is not required.
PWT-11.4 Watertubes not exceeding 2 in. (51 mm) PWT-13 STAYING SEGMENT OF HEADS
O.D. may be welded to tapered ferrules that are attached
to the drum by a driven interference fit. In addition The rules in PFT-25.2 shall be used to determine if
to the interference fit, the ferrules shall be held in staying is required.
place by retainer clamps attached to the drum with
stud bolts. Fillet welds shall not be used to attach the
tubes to the ferrules when exposed to primary furnace PWT-14 FIRING DOORS
gases. Welded stud bolts shall comply with PW-273 A watertube boiler shall have the firing doors of the
and PW-28.6. When tapped holes are provided for the inward-opening type, unless such doors are provided
studs, the stud bolts shall comply with PG-39.4. The with substantial and effective latching or fastening
minimum cross-sectional area of the remaining studs devices or otherwise so constructed as to prevent them,
shall be determined by the following equation, but shall when closed, from being blown open by pressure on
not be less than that of a 3⁄8 in. (10 mm) stud. the furnace side.
These latches or fastenings shall be of the positive
A p 0.25pD2NP/S self-locking type. Friction contacts, latches, or bolts
actuated by springs shall not be used. The foregoing
where requirements for latches or fastenings shall not apply
Ap the root area of the stud, sq in. to coal openings of downdraft or similar furnaces.
Sp the allowable stress of the stud material at its All other doors, except explosion doors, not used in
design temperature, psi the firing of the boiler may be provided with bolts or
Np the number of fittings retained by the stud fastenings in lieu of self-locking latching devices.
129
PWT-14 1998 SECTION I PWT-15
130