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    Solubilities: Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Also Known As Solvent Extraction and Partitioning

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    Magesh kumar
    Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their solubility in two immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. There is a transfer of soluble species from one liquid phase to another, generally from aqueous to organic phase, driven by the system achieving a more stable free energy configuration. LLE is commonly used after chemical reactions and in separating similar metals, and is widely used in producing organic compounds, perfumes, vegetable oils, and biodiesel.

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    Solubilities: Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Also Known As Solvent Extraction and Partitioning

    Uploaded by

    Magesh kumar
    9 views1 page
    Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their solubility in two immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. There is a transfer of soluble species from one liquid phase to another, generally from aqueous to organic phase, driven by the system achieving a more stable free energy configuration. LLE is commonly used after chemical reactions and in separating similar metals, and is widely used in producing organic compounds, perfumes, vegetable oils, and biodiesel.

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    liquid extraction basics

    Original Title

    Liquid Extraction

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    Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their solubility in two immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. There is a transfer of soluble species from one liquid phase to another, generally from aqueous to organic phase, driven by the system achieving a more stable free energy configuration. LLE is commonly used after chemical reactions and in separating similar metals, and is widely used in producing organic compounds, perfumes, vegetable oils, and biodiesel.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    9 views1 page

    Solubilities: Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Also Known As Solvent Extraction and Partitioning

    Uploaded by

    Magesh kumar
    Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes based on their solubility in two immiscible liquids, usually water and an organic solvent. There is a transfer of soluble species from one liquid phase to another, generally from aqueous to organic phase, driven by the system achieving a more stable free energy configuration. LLE is commonly used after chemical reactions and in separating similar metals, and is widely used in producing organic compounds, perfumes, vegetable oils, and biodiesel.

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    Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), also known as solvent extraction and partitioning,

    is a method to separate compounds or metal complexes, based on their


    relative solubilities in two different immiscible liquids, usually water (polar) and an
    organic solvent (non-polar). There is a net transfer of one or more soluble species
    from one liquid into another liquid phase, generally from aqueous to organic, and the
    drive to make that happen comes from chemical potential .i.e. on doing the transfer,
    the overall system of protons and electrons that make up the solutes and the two
    solvents, find themselves in more stable configuration (Lesser free energy). The
    solvent that is enriched in solute(s) is called extract. The feed solution that is depleted
    in solute(s) is called the raffinate. LLE is a basic technique in chemical laboratories,
    where it is performed using a variety of apparatus, from separatory
    funnels to countercurrent distribution equipment called as mixer settlers.[not verified in
    body]
    This type of process is commonly performed after a chemical reaction as part of
    the work-up, often including an acidic work-up.
    The term partitioning is commonly used to refer to the underlying chemical and
    physical processes involved in liquid–liquid extraction, but on another reading may be
    fully synonymous with it. The term solvent extraction can also refer to the separation
    of a substance from a mixture by preferentially dissolving that substance in a suitable
    solvent. In that case, a soluble compound is separated from an insoluble compound or
    a complex matrix.[not verified in body]
    From a hydrometallurgical perspective, solvent extraction is exclusively used in
    separation and purification of uranium and plutonium, zirconium and hafnium,
    separation of cobalt and nickel, separation and purification of rare earth elements etc.,
    its greatest advantage being its ability to selectively separate out even very similar
    metals. One obtains high-purity single metal streams on 'stripping' out the metal value
    from the 'loaded' organic wherein one can precipitate or deposit the metal value.
    Stripping is the opposite of extraction: Transfer of mass from organic to aqueous
    phase.
    LLE is also widely used in the production of fine organic compounds, the processing
    of perfumes, the production of vegetable oils and biodiesel, and other industries.[not
    verified in body]
    It is among the most common initial separation techniques, though some
    difficulties result in extracting out closely related functional groups.
    Liquid–liquid extraction is possible in non-aqueous systems: In a system consisting of
    a molten metal in contact with molten salts, metals can be extracted from one phase to
    the other. This is related to a mercury electrode where a metal can be reduced, the
    metal will often then dissolve in the mercury to form an amalgam that modifies its
    electrochemistry greatly. For example, it is possible for sodium cations to be reduced
    at a mercury cathode to form sodium amalgam, while at an inert electrode (such as
    platinum) the sodium cations are not reduced. Instead, water is reduced to hydrogen.
    A detergent or fine solid can be used to stabilize an emulsion, or third phase.[not verified in
    body]

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