Asy

nchr
onousandSy
nchr
onousMachi
nes(
EL-
208)

(
IVSEM ELSessi
on2017-
18)

Tut
ori
alSheet1(
dat
ed08.
01.
2018)

(3PHASEI
NDUCTI
ONMOTORS)
(
Basi
cConcept
s)

1) A3phase,6pole,50Hzinduct
ionmot orhasasl i
pof1% atnol
oadand3% atf
ulll
oad.
Det
ermine
a.sy nchr
onousspeed,
b.nol oad andful
ll
oadspeed
c. f
requencyofr
otorcur
rentatstandst
il
landatf
ull
load

2)At
hreephase,
4-pol
e,50Hz.I
nduct
ionmot
orr
unsat4%sl
i
patf
ull
load.Det
ermi
ne-

a.Sy
nchr
onousSpeed

b.Rot
orspeed

c. Fr
equencyofr
otorcur
rent
satst
andst
il
landatr
unni
ngcondi
ti
ons

d.Speedofr
otorf
iel
dw.
r.
tst
ator

e. Speedofr
otorf
iel
dw.
r.
tst
atorf
iel
d

3)A3phaseinduct
ionmotorhas54statorsl
otswi
th8conductorspersl
otsand72rot
or
sl
otswi
th4conductor
spersl
ot.Fi
ndthenumberofst
atorandrot
ortur
ns/phase.

4)A 6pol e,50Hz.Woundr otorinductionmotori nduct

ionmot orwhensuppl i
edatr at
ed
volt
ageandf requencywithslipri
ngsopenci r
cuited devel
opv oltageof100Vbet ween
anytworings.Underthesamecondi tionsitsrot
ori snowdrivenbyext er
nalmeansat
a.1000r pm opposit
et othedirectionofr
otat i
onofstat
orf i
eld
b.1500r pm i nt
hedirecti
onofrot ati
onofstatorfi
eld
Fi
ndt hevol
tageav ai
labl
ebetweenslipringsanditsfrequencyineachoft hesecases.

5)A3phase4pol e,1440r pm 50Hzi nducti

onmot orhasst arconnect edr otorwindi
ng
havingresi
stanceof0. 2ohms/ phaseandst andst
illl
eakager eactanceof1ohm/ phase.
Whent hest atorisener gi
sedatr atedvolt
ageandf r
equency,ther otori nducedemfat
standst
il
lis120V/ phase.
a.Cal culaterotorcurr
entandr ot
orpfatt het
imeofst art
ingandf ullload.
b.I fanext ernalr
esistanceof1ohm/ phaseisinsert
edinrot orcir
cui tcalcul
aterotor
currentandr otorpfatthetimeofstarti
ng.

6)Provethatt
hedir
ecti
onofrotat
ingmagnet
icf
iel
drev
ersesbyi
nter
changi
ngt
hephase
sequenceofthe3phasesuppl
y.

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
7)Expl
ainthef
oll
owi
ngt er
mswi t
hr especttorotati
ngelect
ricalmachines:Pol
epit
ch,coi
l
,
ful
lpi
tchcoi
l
,chor
dingangl
e,conductor,t
urn,shortpi
tchcoil
,di
str
ibutedwindi
ng.

Asy
nchr
onousandSy
nchr
onousMachi
nes(
EL-
208)

(
IVSEM ELSessi
on2017-
18)

Tut
ori
alSheet2(
dat
ed22.
01.
2018)

(
3PHASEASYNCHRONOUSMACHI
NES)

(
Basedonpowerf
lowandequi
val
entci
rcui
t)

1.A 6pole,50Hz,3phasei nducti

onmotorrunningonful
lloaddevel
opsauseful
t
orqueof160Nm andt herotoremfisabsorbedt omake120cycl
es/mi
n.I
fthe
mechanicaltorquelostinfri
cti
onbe12Nm,deter
mi ne
a.rotorcopperl oss
b.i/pt othemot or
c. theshaf tpowero/ p.
d.Ef f
iciency
Assumest at
orlossesas800W.

2.An8- pol
e,3- phase,50Hzi nducti
onmot orrunsataspeedof710r pm wi
thani nput
powerof35kW.Thest atorcopperl ossesatt hi
soper ati
ngcondi t
ioni
s1200W, whi l
e
therotat
ional l
ossesar e600W.Fi nd
a.Rot orcopperl osses
b.Gr osst orqueandmechani calpowerdev eloped
c. Nett orqueandmechani cal powerout put
3.Thepoweri nputoft herotorof440V, 50Hz, 6pol e,3phasei nduct
ionmotoris80KW.
Themot oremfi sobser vedtomake100compl etealternati
ons/min.Cal
culate
a.Sl ipandmot orspeed
b.mechani cal powerdev eloped
c. mot orcopperl ossperphase
d.mot orr esistanceperphasei fthemot orcur r
enti s65A
4. A3-phase, 400V, 50Hzi nduct
ionmot ort
akesapoweri nputof35kW atitsful
l
-load

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 speedof980r .
p.m.Thet otalstatorlossesar e1kW andt hef ri
ctionandwindage
l
ossesar e1. 5KW.Cal culat e
(a)slip( b)r otorohmi closses( c)shaftpower
(d)shaf ttor queand( e)efficiency.
5. A3phasest arconnect ed,4pol e,50Hz,440Vi nducti
onmot ordrawsacurrentof
100Af rom t hemai nsatapowerf actorof0. 8l ag.Themot orlossesundert his
conditionar e:St atorcopperl osses=1000W,r otorcopperlosses=1300W,st ator
corelosses=500W, Frictionandwi ndagel osses=600W.Fi nd
a.Powert ransf err
edacr osst heairgap
b.I nternal t
or quedev el
oped
c. Mechani cal powerdev eloped
d.Tor queatt heout putshaf t
e. Efficiencyoft hemot or
6.A 10kW,400V,4pol e,del taconnect edSCI M gavet hefollowingtestr
esults,
N.L.test :250W, 400V, 8A, B.R.Test: 1350W, 90V, 35A ,

The st
atorwinding resi
stance/phase is 0.
72 ohms/phase.Cal
cul
ater
otat
ional
l
ossesandtheequiv
alentci
rcuitparametersofthemotor
.

7. A3phase,400V,50Hz,4pol
e,st
arconnect
edSCI
M hast
hef
oll
owi
ngperphase
const
ant
sinohmsrefer
redt
ost
ator
:

r
1=0.
15,
x1=0.
45,
x2=0.
45,
Xm=28.
5

Rot
ati
onal
losses=400W.

Computestatorcurr
ent
,rot
orspeed,outputt
orqueandef
fi
ciencywhenmot
ori
s
oper
atedatratedv
olt
ageandfr
equencyat4%sli
p.

8. A 208V,
60Hz,
4pol
e,st
arconnect
edSCI
M gav
ethef
oll
owi
ngt
estr
esul
ts

N.
L.t
est
:450W,
208V,
1.562A,
B.R.Test:
59.
4W,
27V,
2.77A

Thest
atorwi
ndi
ngr
esi
stancebet
weenanyt
wot
ermi
nal
s=2.
4Ω.

a.Comput
etheequi
val
entci
rcui
tpar
amet
ersoft
hemot
or.

b.Deter
minetheshaf
ttor
queandt
heef
fi
ciencyoft
hemot
ori
fiti
srunni
ngati
tsr
ated
speedof1710r
pm.

9.A400V,6pol e,50Hz,Yconnectedinduct
ionmotorrunningatn.l
.takes7.5Awi t
h
powerinputof700W.Wi t
hrotorl
ockedand150Vsuppliedtostat
or,i
nputcurrenti
s
35A withpoweri nputof4000W,statorr
esist
anceperphasebei ng0.55Ω.The
standst
il
lreactancesofst
atorandrot
orasseenonstatorsidear
eestimatedtobein
therati
oof1:0.5.

a. comput
etheequi
val
entci
rcui
tpar
amet
ersoft
hemot
or.

b.Whenthemotori
soperat
ingatsli
pof4%,cal
cul
atest
atorcur
rent
,pf
,netmot
or
out
put
,tor
queandmotoreff
ici
ency
.

10.I
ncaseofi
nduct
ionmot
or,
expl
ainwhy
,

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 a)Nol oadcur r
entishighatpoorpf.
b)t heairgapl engt
hiskeptsmal lasismechanicall
ypossibl
e.
11.A3- phasesqui rr
elcagei nduct
ionmot orisdesignedtohav erot
orcopperbar
s.I
f,
i
nsteadofusi ngcopper ,al
umini
um isusedf orr
otorbars,
explai
nwhathappenst
oit
s
speed,effi
ciencyetc.undernormal r
unningcondi
tions.

Asy
nchr
onousandSy
nchr
onousMachi
nes(
EL-
208)

(
IVSEM ELSessi
on2017-
18)

Tut
ori
alSheet3(
dat
ed29.
01.
2018)

(
3PHASEASYNCHRONOUSMACHI
NES)

(
Basedont
orque-
sli
pchar
act
eri
sti
csandst
art
ingmet
hods)

1.A3phaseinduct
ionmot
orhasst
ari
ngt
orqueof100%andmaxi
mum t
orqueof200%
off
.l
.tor
que.Fi
nd

a.Sl
i
patmaxi
mum t
orque

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 b.Ful
ll
oadsl
i
p

c. Rot
orcur
rentatst
art
ingi
nter
msoff
ull
loadcur
rent
.

Negl
ectst
atori
mpedance.

2.A40kW,3phaseslipringinducti
onmot orofnegl
igi
blestatorimpedancerunsata
speedof0.
96t
imessy nchronousspeedatrat
edtorque.Theslipatmaximum torque
i
s4t i
mesthef
.lv
alue.Ifr
otorresi
stanceofmotori
sincreasedby5t i
mes,deter
mi ne:

a.Speedandpowerout
putatr
atedt
orque.

b.Speedcor
respondi
ngt
omaxi
mum t
orque.

c. Negl
ectst
atori
mpedance.

3.A6pole,50Hz,3phaseinduct
ionmotorhasarotorr
esi
stanceof0.
25ohms/
phase
andmaxi
mum t or
queof10Nm at875r
pm.Calcul
ate

a.Thet
orquewhensl
i
pis5%

b.Resi
stancetobeaddedtotherot
orcir
cuitt
oobtain60%ofmaximum t
orqueat
st
art
ingExplai
nwhyt woval
uesareobtai
nedforresi
stanceandwhi
chv
aluewil
l
beprefer
redtouse.

c. Negl
ectst
atori
mpedance.

4. Cal
culatetherati
ooft r
ansformat
ionofanautotransf
ormerst ar
terf
ora25kW,400
V,3phasei nducti
onmot ori
fthestar
ti
ngtorqueistobe75% off ul
lloadt or
que.
Assumet hesli
patf ul
lloadtobe3.5%andt heshortcircui
tcurr
enttobesi xti
mes
ful
lloadcurrent.I
gnoret hemagneti
zi
ngcur
rentofthetransfor
merandoft hemot or
.
(ans0.77)

5.A30kW,440V,3phasesquirrelcageinduct
ionmotordevel
opsastart
ingtor
queof
182Nm atrat
edvol
tageandhasaf ul
lloadtorqueof135Nm.Thestar
ti
ngcurrentof
themotoris207Aatrat
edvoltage.I
ft he motori
sstart
edusingaut
ot r
ansformer
star
ti
ng,det
ermi
ne:

a.Thest
art
ingt
orquewhent
hev
olt
agei
sreducedt
o254V.

b.Thevol
tagethatmustbeappl
i
edf
ort
hemot
ort
odev
elopast
art
ingt
orqueequal
tof
ulll
oadtorque.

c. Thest
art
ingcur
rent
sinpar
ts(
a)and(
b).

d.Thestar
ting vol
taget
oli
mitt
hest
art
ing cur
rentat40A and cor
respondi
ng
st
art
ingvolt
age.

6.A3phase,squi
rrelcageinduct
ionmot
orhasmaximum tor
queequalt
otwicet
hef ul
l
l
oadtor
que.Determinetherati
oofmotorst
art
ingt
orquetoit
sful
ll
oadtor
que,i
fitis
st
art
edby

a.D.
O.L.st
art
er.
,(b)St
ar-del
tast
art
er,(
c)Aut
otr
ansf
ormerst
art
erwi
th 70%

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 t
appi
ng.

Theperphaserot
orresi
stanceandperphasestandst
il
lreact
ancer
efer
redt
o
st
atorar
e0.2ohmsand2ohmsr esp.Negl
ectst
atori
mpedance.

7.A 3phase,4polewoundrot
ori
nducti
onmotorhasstarconnectedrot
orwi
ndi
ngwi t
h
r
otorresist
anceof0.12ohms/
phase.Withsli
pr i
ngsshorted,themotordevel
ops
r
atedtorqueatsl
ipof0.
04andli
necurr
entof100A.Cal
culat
e

a.Ext
ernal
resi
stancet
obei
nser
tedi
neachr
otorphaset
oli
mitcur
rentt
o100A.

b.put
orquedev
elopedatabov
erot
orr
esi
stancest
art
ing.

c. Exter
nalr esi
stancet o bei
nserted i
n perphaset
o devel
op f
.l
.torqueat¾
synchronous speed withli
ne curr
entof100A.Neglectmagneti
sing cur
rent
.
(2.
4ohms, 1pu,0.525ohms)

8.A 3phase, 4polewoundr

otorinduct
ionmotorhasstarconnect edrot
orwi ndingwit
h
rotor resistance of 4.
5ohms/ phase and st andst
il
ll eakage r eactance of
8.5ohms/ phase.Wit
hnoexternalresi
stancei
nther ot
orcircuit,t
hemot ordevel
ops
start
ingtorqueof85Nm,

a.Whati
sther
otorv
olt
ageatst
andst
il
l?

b.Whatwouldbet
hest
art
ingt
orquei
fa3ohmsr
esi
stancewer
eaddedi
neach
r
otorphase?

c. Negl
ecti
ngstat
orv
olt
agedr
op,whatwoul
dbet
hei
nducedr
otorv
olt
ageand
t
orqueatasl
i
pof0.
03.

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 Asy
nchr
onousandSy
nchr
onousMachi
nes(
EL-
208)

(
IVSEM ELSessi
on2017-
18)

Tut
ori
alSheet4(
dat
ed05.
02.
2018)

(
3PHASEASYNCHRONOUSMACHI
NES)

(
BasedonSpeedcont
rol
andpowerf
act
orcont
rol
)
1. A20kW, 3-phase,400V, 4pole,50Hz.Squirr
elcageinduct
ionmot or,
whenwor ki
ng
at r at
edv olt
ageandf requency,devel
opsaf ul
lloadtorqueat1470r pm.Ifthe
mot orisfedfrom 40Hzsour ce,wit
hitsvol
tageadjustedtogiv
et hesameai rgap
fl
uxasat50Hz, thencalculate
b)Themagni tudeoft he40Hzv ol
tagesource
c) Thespeedatwhi chthemot orwouldrunsothatthesamef ulll
oadtor
que,as
at50Hz, i
sdeveloped.( 320V,1170rpm)

2. A3- phase,400V,12pole,50Hzi nduct i

onmot orhasst arconnectedrot orandt he
resistancemeasuredacrossanytwosl i
pringsis0.04ohms.I tsful
lloadsl i
pis0.02.
Calculat ether
esi
stancetobeinsertedint herotorci
rcui
ttor educethef ulll
oadsl i
p
to350r pm.Thetorquerequir
edbyt heloadv ariesasthespeedsquar ed.Assume
torquesl ipcur
vet
obest r
aightl
ineint henormaloperati
ngr egi
on.(Ans.0.568Ω) .

3. A3phase,4pol ewoundr ot
ori nducti
onmot orhasar at
ingof110kW,1760r pm,
2.3kV,60Hz.Threeexternalresistor
sof2ohmsar econnect edi
nYacr ossrot
orsl
ip
ri
ngs.Undertheseconditionst hemot ordevel
opsat orqueof300Nm ataspeedof
1000rpm.Ifthetorqueisi ncr
easedt o400Nm,cal culat
ethecorrespondi
ngspeed.
Assumel i
neartor
queslipchar acteri
sti
cs.(
Ans.734r pm).

4. A 3phase,480V,6pole,60Hz,St
arconnect
edi
nduct
ionmotorhast
her otor
resi
stancer
efer
redt
ostatoras0.
3ohms.Assumet
heloadtor
quetobeconstant

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 andequal
to120Nm.Cal
cul
ate

a.Ther
otorspeedatr
atedv
olt
age.

b.Fi
ndt
hespeedi
fthev
olt
agei
sreducedt
o20%

c. Theext
ernal
resi
stancet
obeaddedi
nrot
orci
rcui
tift
hespeedi
stobedecr
eased
by20%.

5.A 480V,2pol e,60Hz,St arconnect

edinduct
ionmot orhasanequival
entseri
es
i
nduct i
vereactanceof4ohmsandast at
orresist
anceof0.2ohms.Ther ot
or
resi
stanceref
erredtost
atori
s0.3ohms.Themot orisdri
vi
ngaconst
anttor
queload
of60Nm ataspeedof3500r pm.Calcul
ate

a.Themot
orcur
rentat60Hz.

b.Mot
orspeedandcur
renti
fthef
requencyi
sdecr
easedt
o50Hzandv
olt
agekept
const
antatr
atedv
olt
age.

c.mot
orspeedandcur
renti
fthef
requencyi
sdecr
easedt
o50Hzbuti
nsuchaway
t
hatV/
frat
ioi
skeptconst
ant
.

Assumesmal
lsl
i
pappr
oxi
mat
ion.

6.Aninduct i
onmot oroperati
ngf r
om abal
anced3phase,st arconnect
ed400V,50Hz
supply
,t akesal inecur r
entof10A at0.8pfl ag.Calculat
eperphasev al
ueof
capaci
torand t otalkVA r at
ing of3 phase,starconnected bank whi
ch when
connectedt omotort er
minalsimprov
eli
nepft o0.9l
ag.Repeatt hesamefordel
ta
connectedcapacitorbank.

7.Whataret he vari
ous cl
asses ofsqui
rr
elcage i
nduct
ion mot
or? Expl
aint
he
appl
i
cat
ionareasforeachcl
ass?

Asy
nchr
onousandSy
nchr
onousMachi
nes(
EL-
208)

(
IVSEM ELSessi
on2017-
18)

Tut
ori
alSheet5(
dat
ed19.
02.
2018)

(
3PHASEASYNCHRONOUSMACHI
NES)

Tut
ori
alSheet5

(
BasedonHi
ghTor
quecagemot
ors,
Asy
nchronousGener
ator
s,powerf
act
orcont
rol
)

1.A 3phase,400Vdoubl
ecagei
nduct
ionmotorhasperphasestandst
il
lleakage
i
mpedanceof(2+j
2)ohmsand(
0.5+j
10)ohmsfori
tstwocages.Fi
ndther el
ati
ve

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
 cur
rent
sandt
orquesoft
het
wocages

a.atst
andst
il
l b.Atasl
i
pof5%.

2.I
fthestandst
il
limpedanceoft
heoutercageofadoubl
ecagemachinei
s(0.3+j
0.4)
ohmsandoft heinnercageis(0.
1+j
1.5)ohms,compar
etherel
ati
vecurr
entsand
tor
quesofthetwocages

a.atst
andst
il
l b.Atasl
i
pof5%. (
3.007,
27.
12,
0.41574,
0.51853)

3.A3phase,400Vdoublecagei
nduct
ionmot
orhasf
oll
owi
ngperphasepar
amet
ers
asr
efer
redtost
ator(
inohms):

St
ator
,r1=0.
5,x1=1.
5,

Rot
or,
topcage,
r20=2,x20=0.
6,

Rot
or,
bot
tom cage,
r =0.
2i 4,x2i=3.
4,

Thepr i
mar yindel
tai
sener gi
sedby400Vsupply
,Cal
culat
ethestar
ti
ngtor
queand
fulll
oadt orqueat4% slipusingapproxi
mat
eequiv
alentcir
cui
t.Findal
sopfat
start
ingandatf.l
.Neglectexci
tingbr
anch.

4.Thetwocagesofa400v ,3phase,50Hz ,6pole,del

taconnect
eddoubl
ecage
i
nduct
ionmotorhaver
espect
ivest
andst
il
lleakagei
mpedanceof(2+j
1)and(1+j
4)
ohmsperphase.Thei
mpedanceofthestatorwindi
ngis(1+j
2)ohmsperphase.
Est
imate:

(
a)t
het
orquedev
elopedatst
andst
il
l.

(
b)Atf
ull
loadsl
i
pof0.
04.

5.Aninduct i
onmotoroperati
ngf r
om abalanced3phase,starconnect
ed400V,50Hz
supply
,t akesalinecurrentof10A at0. 8pflag.Calculat
eperphasev al
ueof
capaci
torand totalkVA r ati
ng of3 phase,starconnected bank whi
ch when
connectedtomotorter
mi nalsi
mprovel
inepfto0.9lag.

6.Atfulll
oadsli
pof0.04A3phase, 400V, 50Hz ,
6pole,starconnect edSCI
M hast he
fol
lowingperphaseconstant
sinohmsr efer
redtostator:
r1=0.2,r2=0.
5,x1=2,x2=2,
Xm=48.Thismot ordr
ivesahoist
.Dur i
ngloweringofthehoi st
,theloadaccelerat
es
themot ort
oaspeedof1050rpm.Att hi
sspeed, det
ermine

(
a)Li
necur
rent

(
b)Act
ivepowerr
etur
nedt
o3-
phasesuppl
y

(
c)React
ivepowerr
equi
rementoft
hegener
ator

7.A40hp,1760r pm,440V,3phase squir

relcagei nducti
onmachi
nehast obeused
asanasy nchr
onousgenerator
.Theratedcurrentoft hemotori
s41Aandt heful
l
l
oadpfi s84%.Calcul
atethecapaci
tancerequiredperphaseifthecapaci
torsare
connect
edindelt
a.(Ans.78µF)

Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED
Dr
.Pr
iyaMahaj
an,
Associ
atePr
of.EED