Questions & Answers On Synchronous Machines

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EMF Polygon - Electrical Machines

Questions and Answers
by Manish
5-6 minutes
This set of Electrical Machines Multiple Choice Questions &

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “EMF Polygon – 1”.
1. The angular slot pitch, γ is given by

a) γ= πP/Total number of slots Elect radians
b) γ= 180P/Total number of slots Elect degrees
c) γ= 180/Slots per pole Elect degrees
d) Any of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Angle γ is the angle between adjacent slots.
2. Consider the following statements regarding the design

of distributed armature winding in a 3-phase alternator:
(i) it reduces the phase-belt harmonics
(ii) it increases the utilization of the armature iron and
copper
(iii) it increases rigidity and mechanical strength of the
winding
(iv) it reduces copper in the overhang of the winding
1 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
Which of these statements are correct?

a) (i),(iii),(iv)
b) (ii),(iii),(iv)
c) (i),(ii),(iii)
d) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Distributed armature winding does not reduce
copper in the overhang of the winding, also kdn=(sinqnγ/2)
/(qsinnγ/2), kdnd1, implies it has the effect of reducing nth
harmonic EMF, where q=slots per pole per phase.
3. What is the coil span for a 2 pole 18 slot machine?

a) 9
b) 4.5
c) 18
d) 6
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Coil span= number of slots/number of poles=
18/2=9.
4. In a machine with coil span 9, if a coil has its one coil-

side in slot 1, then its other coil-side must be in
____________
a) slot 9
b) slot 8
c) slot 10
d) slot 2
View Answer
2 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
Answer: c
Explanation: The other coil-side must be in slot 10=1+coil
span=1+9 .
5. The belt factor is defined as the ratio of

a) arithmetic sum of coil EMF to the phasor sum of coil
EMFs
b) phasor sum of EMF per coil to the arithmetic sum of EMF
per coil
c) phasor sum of coil EMFs to the arithmetic sum of coil
EMFs
d) phasor sum of coil EMFs to per phase voltage
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Belt factor or distribution factor or breadth
factor = kd= phasor sum of coil EMFs/arithmetic sum of coil
EMFs.
6. The armature winding of a 2-pole, 3-phase alternator for

each phase is distributed in a number of slots per phase.
The RMS value of the voltage per phase is less than the
RMS value of the voltage per coil multiplied by the number
of coils in series because the
a) RMS value of the voltage in different coils of the phase is
different
b) equal RMS voltages in different coils of the phase has
mutual phase difference
c) maximum value of the induced voltage in different coils of
the phase are different
d) different coils of the phase pass through different
3 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
saturated regions of the magnetic circuit

View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The phase displacement will be given by slot
angular pitch γ.
7. A 3-phase machine has integral slot winding with

fundamental distribution factor kd1, the distribution factor for
nth harmonic kdn is ____________
a) less than kd1
b) more than kd1
c) equal to kd1
d) depends upon the number of slots and poles
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: kdn=(sinqnγ/2)/(qsinnγ/2) and examples will
show that kdn is less than kd1. This has the effect of
reducing the nth harmonic EMF in comparision with
fundamental EMF. This is certainly an advantage of
distributing the winding in slots.
8. If a stator has 48 slots, 6 poles and 3 phase with narrow

spread winding, then the third harmonic belt factor is
____________
a) 0.9556
b) 0.6407
c) 0.1944
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
4 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
Answer: b
Explanation: q= (s/m)/p=k.Sk/k.Pk=Sk/Pk for fractional slot
winding where k is the highest common factor between s/m
and P, here q= 48/3*6 =16/6= 8/3 = Sk/Pk
The distribution factor for fractional slot winding’s is
obtained by replacing q by Sk and kdn = (sinnγ/2)/(Sksinnγ
/2Sk), if n=3, kd3=0.6407.
9. A fraction pitch winding is used to reduce

(i) amount of copper in the winding
(ii) size of the machine
(iii) harmonics in the generated EMF
(iv) cost of the machine
From these, the correct answer is
a) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)
b) (i),(ii),(iii)
c) (ii),(iii),(iv)
d) (i),(iii),(iv)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The fractional pitch winding results in reduction
of copper in overhang and it results in less cost of the
machine. kpn=cos(nε)/2 implies reduces harmonics and
thereby rendering the output EMF wave almost a sine
wave.
10. The pitch factor, in rotating electrical machinery, is

defined as the ratio of resultant EMF of a
a) full-pitched coil to that of a chorded coil
b) full-pitched coil to the phase EMF
5 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
c) chorded coil to the phase EMF

d) chorded coil to that of a full-pitched coil
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Kp= Resultant EMF of a chorded coil/Resultant
EMF of a full pitched coil = cosε/2
Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series –

Electrical Machines.
To practice all areas of Electrical Machines, here is
complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and
Answers.
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EMF Polygon - Electrical Machines

Questions and Answers for
Entrance Exams
by Manish
4-5 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “EMF Polygon – 2”.
1. The winding’s for a 3-phase alternator are:

(i) 36 slots, 4 poles, span 1 to 8
(ii) 72 slots, 6 poles, span 1 to 10
(iii) 96 slots, 4 poles, span 1 to 21
The winding’s having pitch factor of more than 0.97 are
a) (i) and (ii) only
b) (ii) and (iii) only
c) (i) and (iii) only
d) (i),(ii) and (iii)
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Kp=cosε/2
(i) Slots per pole= 36/4=9, for a coil span of 8 slots, the coil
is short pitched by 1 slot and the chording angle is ε=γ= 20°
⇒ Kp=cos10°=0.985
1 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
(ii) Slots per pole= 72/6=12, for a coil span of 10 slots, the
coil is short pitched by 2 slots and the chording angle is
ε=2γ and γ=180/12 ⇒ ε= 30° ⇒ Kp=cos15°=0.9659
(iii) Slots per pole= 96/4=24, for a coil span of 21 slots, the
coil is short pitched by 3 slots and the chording angle is
ε=3γ and γ=180/24 ⇒ ε= 24.5° ⇒ Kp=cos12.25°=0.97723.
2. In 48 slot, 4-pole,3 phase alternator, the coil-span is 10.

Its distribution and pitch factors are respectively
____________
a) 0.9717,0.966
b) 0.9822, 0.9814
c) 0.9577, 0.9814
d) 0.9577, 0.966
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Slots per pole= 48/4=12, for a coil span of 10
slots, the coil is short pitched by 2 slots and the chording
angle is ε=2γ and γ=180/12 ⇒ ε= 30° ⇒ Kp=cosε/2=0.9659.
We know, Kd=(sin(qγ/2))/qsin(γ/2), here q=48/4∗3 = 4 ⇒
Kd=0.957662.
3. A 3-phase, 4-pole alternator has 48 stator slots carrying

a 3-phase distributed winding. Each coil of the winding is
short chorded by one slot pitch. The winding factor is given
by ______________
a) (cos7.5)/16
b) (cot7.5)/8
c) 1/(8sin7.5)
d) (cot7.5)/16
2 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Slots per pole= 48/4 =12 ⇒ γ=180/12=15° and
q=48/4&lowest;3=4
coil of the winding is short chorded by one slot pitch ⇒
ε=γ=15°, Kw=Kp&lowest;Kd= cos7.5(sin(4∗15/2))
/(4∗sin(15/2)) = (cot7.5)/8.
4. The chording angle for eliminating 5th harmonic should

be ____________
a) 30°
b) 34°
c) 36°
d) 35°
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: To eliminate 5th harmonic kp5 must be zero,
kpn= cosnε/2 ⇒ kp5= cos5ε/2=0=cos90° ⇒ 5ε/2=90° ⇒ ε
=36°.
5. Consider the following statements:

(i) breadth factor for third harmonic kd3 is more than that for
fundamental kd1
(ii) kd3 < kd1
(iii) kd3 may be less or more than kd1 depending upon the
number of slots and poles
(iv) coil-span factor for third harmonic kp3>kp1 (coil span
factor for fundamental)
(v) kp3 < kp1
3 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
(vi) kp3 may be less or more than kp1 depending upon the
number of slots and poles
From these, the correct answer is

a) (ii),(v)
b) (i),(iv)
c) (iii),(vi)
d) (i),(iii),(iv),(vi)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Examples will show that kdn < kd1 and has the
effect of reducing the nth harmonic EMF in comparison with
the fundamental EMF, similarly kpn < kp1.
6. A 6-pole alternator with 36 slots carries a 2-phase

distributed winding. Each coil is short pitched by one slot.
The winding factor is given by
a) cot15°/3√2
b) cot15°/4
c) cot15°/2√2
d) cot15°/4
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slots per pole =36/6=6, q=6/2=3 ⇒
γ=180°/6=30°, coil is short pitched by one slot ⇒ ε=γ=30°
and Kp=cosε/2=cos15° and Kd=sin(γq/2)/q(sinγ/2)=sin45
/(3sin15)
Kw=Kp∗Kd=cot15°/3√2
7. For eliminating nth harmonic from the EMF generated in
4 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
the phase of a 3-phase alternator, the chording angle

should be
a) n∗full pitch
b) (1/n)∗full pitch
c) (2/n)∗full pitch
d) (3/n)∗full pitch
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: kpn=cosnε/2=0 ⇒ nε/2=90° ⇒ ε=180°/n= full
pitch/n.
8. Which among the given harmonics are called belt

harmonics?
a) 5,7,11,13
b) 3,6,9,12
c) 5,6,11,12
d) 7,11,13,15
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The odd harmonics of the order 5,7,11,13 etc
are called belt harmonics.
9. Machine A has 60° phase spread and machine B has

120° phase spread. Both the machines have uniformly
distributed winding. The ratio of distribution factors of
machine A to machine B is ____________
a) 0.866
b) 1.1
c) 1.55
d) 1.155
5 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: kdA=(sinσ/2)/σ/2, σ=60° ⇒ kdA=0.9556
kdB=(sinσ/2)/σ/2, σ=120° ⇒ kdB=0.827
thus, kdA/ kdB=1.155.

Answers.
6 of 6 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
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Torque Production in Non-Salient

Pole Machines - Electrical
Machines Questions and Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Production of Torque in Non-
Salient Pole Machines”.
1. The electromagnetic torque in non salient pole machines

depends on
a) number of poles
b) machine dimensions at the air gap
c) peak value of stator and rotor MMF
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Te also depends on the sine of the angle
between the axis of the two fields(or MMFs) Te =-(P/2)
(µoΠrl/g)(FsFr)sinλNm.
2. The torque equation for non salient pole machine is Te

=-(P/2)(µoΠrl/g)(FsFr)sinλNm. What does the negative sign
in the torque expression indicates?
1 of 5 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
a) stator and rotor MMF tend to reduce angle λ

b) stator and rotor MMF tend to increase angle λ
c) stator tend to reduce the air gap g
d) rotor tend to reduce the air gap g
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The torque acts in such a direction as to align
the two MMFs Fs and Fr and thereby reduce the angle λ
between them.
3. Which of the following statements are correct regarding

the torque equation in non salient pole machines, Te =-(P/2)
(µoΠrl/g)(FsFr)sinλNm?
a) stator experiences less torque than rotor and in opposite
directions
b) rotor experiences less torque than stator and in same
directions
c) stator and rotor experiences equal and opposite torques
d) stator and rotor experiences equal torque and in same
directions
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Both stator and rotor experience equal and
opposite torques.
4. In practice, electromagnetic torque acting on the stator

a) rotate in opposite direction to rotor
b) is transmitted to ground
c) makes it rotate in same direction as of rotor
2 of 5 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: As stator is fixed, Teis transmitted to ground
through its foundation.
5. Torque angle λ is the angle between ____________

a) stator MMF Fs and resultant MMF FR
b) stator MMF Fs and rotor MMF Fr
c) rotor MMF Fr and resultant MMF FR
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The electrical space angle λ between stator
and rotor MMFs is called the torque angle.
6. Load angle δ is the angle between ____________

a) stator MMF Fs and resultant MMF FR
b) stator MMF Fs and rotor MMF Fr
c) rotor MMF Fr and resultant MMF FR
d) stator MMF Fs and resultant MMF FR (or) rotor MMF Fr
and resultant MMF FR
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The electrical space angle δs between Fs and
FR ; and δr between Fr and FR are called load angles.
7. In the design of electromagnetic devices, the maximum

value of MMF is limited from the considerations of
____________
a) temperature rise
3 of 5 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
b) limitation on flux density in teeth

c) torque production rise
d) power rating
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum value of MMF is limited from a
consideration of temperature rise.
8. Consider the principle that the torque in a rotating

machine is proportional to peak of stator MMF(Fs), rotor
MMF(Fr) and the angle between them(δ). Following
statements relate to Fs,Fr and δ in different machine:
(i) δ is fixed in DC machine
(ii) Fs is fixed in DC shunt machine
(iii) δ is variable in induction machine
(iv) Fr is fixed in synchronous machne
(v) Fr is variable in DC machine
(vi) Fr is fixed in induction motor
(vii) resultant of Fs and Fr is fixed in synchronous motor
Which of these statements are correct?
a) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv) and (vi)
b) (i),(ii),(iii),(v) and (vii)
c) (ii),(iii),(v),(vi) and (vii)
d) (i),(ii),(iv),(v) and (vii)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Fr is not fixed in synchronous and induction
machine.
9. In all rotating electrical machine, electrical torque is
4 of 5 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
developed when relative speed between stator field and

rotor field is ____________
a) zero
b) equal to rotor speed
c) equal and opposite to rotor speed
d) dependent upon the type of electrical machine
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the relative speed between stator field and
rotor field is not zero, then the load angle δr varies with
time.
From equation Te=-(Π/8)P2ΦFrsinδr Nm, we can say that
average torque over a complete cycle is zero, implies Te=0.

Answers.
5 of 5 3/16/18, 3:06 PM
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MMF Produced by Distributed

Windings - Electrical Machines
by Manish
6-8 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “MMF Produced by Distributed
Windings”.
1. The winding MMF in rotating machines depends on

a) winding arrangement
b) winding current
c) air gap length,slot openings etc
d) both winding arrangement and winding current
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The winding MMF depends only on the
winding arrangement and the winding current.
2. A knowledge of the air gap flux distribution in a machine

helps in determining the
a) generated EMF waveform and its magnitude
b) electrical torque
c) winding MMF
1 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
d) both generated EMF waveform and electrical torque

View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The winding mmf depends only on the winding
arrangement and the winding current.
3. If the current in the coil is DC, then MMF doesn’t vary

with ____________
a) space
b) time
c) both space and time
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If the coil current is DC, the magnitude of MMF
wave does not vary with time and space.
4. If the current in a coil is AC, the amplitude of MMF

a) varies with time but not with space
b) varies with space but not with time
c) varies with both space and time
d) doesn’t vary with both space and time
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For AC in the coil, the air-gap MMF wave is
time variant but space invariant.
5. Peak value of fundamental component of MMF produced

by one N-turn coil carrying a current ‘i’ is ____________
a) 4/Π(Ni)
2 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
b) 2/Π(Ni)
c) 1/Π(Ni)
d) 1/2Π(Ni)
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The fundamental component of rectangular
wave is found to be Fα1=(4/Π)(Ni/2)cosα, for 2-pole
machine where α=electrical space angle
The peak value of the sine MMF wave for a 2 pole machine
is given by F1p=(4/π)(Ni/2)AT’s per pole= 2/π(Ni) AT.
6. The armature MMF wave in a DC machine is

____________
a) sinusoidal and depends on the speed
b) square and independent of speed
c) triangular and depends on speed
d) triangular and independent of speed
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The armature MMF for a DC machine remains
constant in amplitude and does not depend on the armature
speed, also the MMF wave produced is seen to be a
triangluar MMF wave.
7. Which of the following statements are correct regarding

the current sheet?
a) it is a thin strip of conducting material carrying the current
in the dot
b) it is wrapped around stator or rotor
c) it develops MMF identical to that produced by the winding
3 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
it replaces
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The MMF produced by uniformly distributed
current sheet is identical with the MMF produced by
uniformly distributed winding. If the distributed winding in
the slots is on the rotor, then the uniformly distributed
current sheet would be wrapped around the rotor
accordingly.
8. A current sheet with sinusoidal current produces?

a) sinusoidal MMF wave lagging it by 90°
b) sinusoidal MMF wave leading it by 90°
c) trapezoidal MMF wave leading it by 90°
d) trapezoidal MMF wave lagging it by 90°
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A uniform current sheet produces trapezoidal
MMF wave and sinusoidal current sheet produces
sinusoidal MMF wave leading by 90°.
9. A uniformly distributed winding on the stator has three full

pitched coils, each coil having N turns and each turn
carrying a current i. The MMF produced by the winding is
a) sinusoidal in waveform with an amplitude 3Ni
b) sinusoidal in waveform with an amplitude 3Ni/2
c) trapezoidal in waveform with an amplitude of 3Ni
d) trapezoidal in waveform with an amplitude of 3Ni/2
View Answer
4 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Answer: d
Explanation: When the machine has more than 3 slots per
pole per phase, the steps in the MMF wave are neglected
and MMF variation is taken as smooth over these slots and
as a consequence, stepped MMf wave changes to
trapezoidal MMF wave.
The trapezoidal MMF wave amplitude =3Ni/2.
10. MMF produced by one N-turn coil carrying a current i is

____________
a) rectangular of amplitude Ni/2
b) trapezoidal of amplitude Ni/2
c) rectangular of amplitude Ni
d) trapezoidal of amplitude Ni
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The MMF variation due to one N-turn coil is
seen to be a rectangular wave of amplitude +1/2(Ni) or
-1/2(Ni).
11. A winding of 20 full pitched series turns, distributed over

a band of 60° under each pole, carries a current of 3A. The
winding produces a uniform current sheet of density (in AT’s
per electrical radiangs) of
a) 180/Π
b) 120/Π
c) 90/Π
d) 60/Π
View Answer
Answer: a
5 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Explanation: Uniform current density J=(20∗3)/(Π

/3)=180/Π.
12. A sinusoidal current sheet in a rotating electrical

machine has peak value along q-axis. The peak value of
sinusoidal MMF would be
a) in phase with current peak
b) 90° lagging the current peak
c) 90° leading the current peak
d) may lag or lead depending upon the type of machine
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Sinusoidal current sheet produces sinusoidal
MMF wave leading by 90°.
13. In a DC machine, z,p,Ia and a are respectively the

number of conductors, number of poles, armature current
and number of parallel paths. The peak value of
fundamental component of armature MMF wave is
____________
a) 8/Π[(z/2p)(Ia/a)].
b) 8/Π2[(z/p)(Ia/a)].
c) 4/Π[(z/2p)(Ia/a)].
d) 8/Π2[(z/p)(Ia/a)].
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The peak value of the fundamental sine
component Fa for a DC machine is Fa=8/&Pi2;[(z/p)(Ia/a)]
AT/pole.
14. The armature MMF wave in a DC machine is triangluar
6 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
and
(i) rotates with respect to stator
(ii) is stationary with respect to stator
(iii) rotates with respect to armature
(iv) is stationary with respect to armature
Which of the above statements are correct?
a) (ii) only
b) (iii) only
c) (i) and (iv)
d) (ii) and (iii)
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: In a DC machine, armature current doesn’t
vary with time. Therefore, the armature MMF wave for a DC
machine remains constant in amplitude and doesn’t
depends on the armature speed. Hence the armature MMF
wave is stationary with respect to stator and armature.

Answers.
7 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
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Electrical Machines Quiz Online -

Sanfoundry
by Manish
4-5 minutes
This set of Electrical Machines online quiz focuses on

“Excitation Systems for Synchronous Machines”.
1. A 3 phase synchronous machine is _________ excited

machine.
a) doubly
b) single
c) two stage
d) feedback based
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 3 phase synchronous machine has two
excitations. Ac excitation at armature while dc excitation at
field winding.
2. Field winding of a dc machine

a) always absorbs power
b) absorbs real power at lagging load
c) delivers power while behaving as generator
d) always delivers power
1 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Field is always given supply from dc system so
it always absorbs power as it is necessary to produce the
flux.
3. In large synchronous machine, field winding is placed on

______ and ac supply on ______
a) rotor, stator
b) stator, rotor
c) armature, slots
d) pole shoes, stator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The field winding is placed on the stator as it
will carry less current while the ac supply is fed at stator as
it will have to carry large amount of current.
4. The pilot exciter in dc exciters is ________

a) dc shunt generator feeding field winding of mains
b) universal motor
c) stepper motor feeding the field winding of mains
d) any of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Pilot exciter is dc shunt generator which
supplies the field of main winding.
5. The main problems faced by conventional DC exciters

are/is _______
2 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
a) cooling and maintainance

b) wear and tear
c) additional parasitic losses
d) all of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The conventional dc exciters have all the
above mentioned losses which make them out dated and
least efficient.
6. The static excitations mainly comprises of _______

a) brushless excitation system
b) thyrister based excitation system
c) synchronous motor excitation system
d) brushless and thyristor based excitation system
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: SCRs are used in the rectifier configuration as
a static system for excitation for dc field winding.
7. The excitation system and speed of alternator has

_______
a) linear response
b) exponential response
c) rectangular hyperbola response
d) circular response
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the excitation energy is directly taken from
alternator terminals, excitation voltage is directly
3 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
proportional to speed.
8. The brushless excitation and conventional DC excitation

systems are comparable but one significant change is
_______
a) pilot exciter is brushless permanent magnet motor
b) three phase rectifier feeds directly to main exciter
c) a three phase rectifier is fed by main exciter
d) no direct rectification is provided to the pilot exciter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The brushless excitation involves a brushless
permanent motor which acts as an auxiliary exciter.
9. The main exciter used in DC excitation is ________

a) field on stator
b) armature on stator
c) field on rotor
d) field on poles
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The main exciter used in DC excitation is field
on stator.
10. If the DC excitation is suddenly dropped to 0 ,the three

phase alternator _________
a) runs as motor
b) stops to zero speed in few seconds
c) continues to run as motor but at lower speed
d) no change in the operating conditions
View Answer
4 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Answer: a
Explanation: When the dc excitation is disconnected from
the supply, it will start acting as synchronous motor as the
prime mover will still be mechanically coupled.

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Flux & MMF Phasors in

Synchronous Machines - Electrical
by Manish
4-5 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Flux and MMF Phasors in
Synchronous Machines”.
1. A 3 phase synchronous machine is _________ excited

machine.
a) doubly
b) single
c) two stage
d) feedback based
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The 3 phase synchronous machine has two
excitations. Ac excitation at armature while dc excitation at
field winding.
2. Field winding of a dc machine

a) always absorbs power
b) absorbs real power at lagging load
1 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
c) delivers power while behaving as generator

d) always delivers power
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Field is always given supply from dc system so
it always absorbs power as it is necessary to produce the
flux.
3. In large synchronous machine, field winding is placed on

______ and ac supply on ______
a) rotor, stator
b) stator, rotor
c) armature, slots
d) pole shoes, stator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The field winding is placed on the stator as it
will carry less current while the ac supply is fed at stator as
it will have to carry large amount of current.
4. The pilot exciter in dc exciters is ________

a) dc shunt generator feeding field winding of mains
b) universal motor
c) stepper motor feeding the field winding of mains
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Pilot exciter is dc shunt generator which
supplies the field of main winding.
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5. The main problems faced by conventional DC exciters

are/is _______
a) cooling and maintainance
b) wear and tear
c) additional parasitic losses
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The conventional dc exciters have all the
above mentioned losses which make them out dated and
least efficient.
6. The static excitations mainly comprises of _______

a) brushless excitation system
b) thyrister based excitation system
c) synchronous motor excitation system
d) brushless and thyristor based excitation system
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: SCRs are used in the rectifier configuration as
a static system for excitation for dc field winding.
7. The excitation system and speed of alternator has

_______
a) linear response
b) exponential response
c) rectangular hyperbola response
d) circular response
View Answer
Answer: a
3 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Explanation: As the excitation energy is directly taken from

alternator terminals, excitation voltage is directly
proportional to speed.
8. The brushless excitation and conventional DC excitation

systems are comparable but one significant change is
_______
a) pilot exciter is brushless permanent magnet motor
b) three phase rectifier feeds directly to main exciter
c) a three phase rectifier is fed by main exciter
d) no direct rectification is provided to the pilot exciter
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The brushless excitation involves a brushless
permanent motor which acts as an auxiliary exciter.
9. The main exciter used in DC excitation is ________

a) field on stator
b) armature on stator
c) field on rotor
d) field on poles
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The main exciter used in DC excitation is field
on stator.
10. If the DC excitation is suddenly dropped to 0 ,the three

phase alternator _________
a) runs as motor
b) stops to zero speed in few seconds
c) continues to run as motor but at lower speed
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d) no change in the operating conditions

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When the dc excitation is disconnected from
the supply, it will start acting as synchronous motor as the
prime mover will still be mechanically coupled.

Answers.
5 of 5 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Physical Concepts of Synchronous Machine Ope... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Physical Concepts of
Synchronous Machine Operation
by Manish
5-6 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Physical Concepts of
Synchronous Machine Operation”.
1. Floating of synchronous machine on infinite bus means

a) Fa = 0 and machine neither generator nor motor
b) Fa is not zero and machine neither generator nor motor
c) Fa = 0 and machine is not excited
d) frequency is zero
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Floating means the armature flux is zero and it
neither motoring nor generating.
2. If the field poles are ahead of resultant mmf, then the

3-phase synchronous machine is operating as
a) generator
b) motor
c) reluctance motor
1 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Field mmf leads the resultant mmf so it is
generator.
3. At steady state operation in a 3-phase synchronous

generator
a) Tem = Tpm
b) Tem > Tpm
c) Tem < Tpm
d) can not be coupled
where Tem is developed electromagnetic torque developed
in the machine and Tpm is the prime mover torque.
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At steady state the net torque is zero in the
machine.
4. Active power in synchronous machine is proportional to

a) torque
b) excitation
c) sinϕ
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Active power is proportional to the torque of
the synchronous machine.
5. The reactive power in synchronous machine is
2 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
proportional to
a) torque
b) excitation
c) sinϕ
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Reactive power depends on the excitation of
the synchronous machine.
6. If the synchronous machine is loaded from floating

conditions, the alternator begins to operate at
a) leading p.f
b) lagging p.f
c) unity p.f
d) zero p.f
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The resultant flux will be leading in nature, so
after loading it from loading it from floating, alternator will
operate at leading p.f.
7. If the synchronous machine is loaded from floating

conditions, the synchronous motor begins to operate at
a) leading p.f
b) lagging p.f
c) unity p.f
d) zero p.f
View Answer
Answer: b
3 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Explanation: The resultant flux will be lagging in nature, so

after loading it from loading it from floating, alternator will
operate at lagging p.f.
8. Reactive power flow in synchronous machine can be

controlled by
a) varying field excitation
b) varying field current
c) varying field flux
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the alternatives are same, varying the field
flux matters at the end to change the reactive power in a
synchronous machine.
9. If the 3-phase alternator has 4 poles and has

synchronous speed of 120 rad/s.
Then the mechanical speed in rad/sec is
a) 60
b) 240
c) 120
d) 30
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Mechanical speed = electrical
speed*2/Number of Poles.
10. The power load angle characteristic as maximum for a

load angle of
a) 90°
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b) 45°
c) more than 90°
d) 180°
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As per the parabolic graph, the maxima is
obtained at 90°.
11. For running a 750 kW compressor, a synchronous

motor is preferred because of
(i) lower noise
(ii) faster build up of pressure
(iii) better power factor
(iv) low starting torque
a) (ii),(iii)
b) (i),(ii),(iv)
c) (i),(ii),(iii),(iv)
d) (iii),(iv)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: It is preferred due to better power factor and
low starting torque.
12. A poly phase synchronous motor will be used for the

load of ______ over poly phase induction motor.
a) 600 kW 500 rpm
b) 600 kW 1500 rpm
c) 600 kW 3500 rpm
d) 600 kW 1200 rpm
View Answer
5 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Answer: a
Explanation: A synchronous motor is used at low speed.
13. During the starting of the 3-phase synchronous motor

by damper bars, the field winding is usually short circuited
so that starting torque is equal to
a) induction motor torque plus an additional torque
produced by short circuited field winding
b) induction motor torque
c) electromagnetic torque
d) reluctance torque due to rotor saliency
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Using dampers to start the synchronous
motor, it will produce induction motor torque initially along
with the torque due to shorted field winding.
14. To start the synchronous motor, its field winding should

be
a) short circuited
b) kept open
c) connected to dc excitation source
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To start the synchronous motor, it is first run
as field excitation as zero, so we short circuit them.
15. Squirrel cage bars placed in the rotor pole faces of a

3-phase alternator help in reducing hunting
I. above synchronous speed
6 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
II. below synchronous speed

III. at synchronous speed
a) I,II
b) III
c) I,II,III
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: This method is based on the operation of the
induction motor, hence it will not operate at synchronous
speed.

Answers.
7 of 7 3/16/18, 3:07 PM
Power Factor Control of Synchronous Machines... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Power Factor Control of

Synchronous Machines Questions
and Answers
by Manish
6-8 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Power Factor Control of
Synchronous Machines”.
1. The magnetization current drawn from an AC supply a

synchronous motor is used to _________
a) set up flux in magnetic circuit of device
b) compensate core losses
c) set up magnetizing armature reaction
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Magnetizing current sets up the flux needed in
the machine.
2. A 3 phase synchronous motor is working at normal

excitation, then the flux deficient in circuit is ________
a) given by armature winding mmf
b) given by field winding mmf
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c) supplied to armature winding mmf

d) supplied to field winding mmf
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: it is given by armature winding mmf.
3. The excess flux in synchronous motor is neutralized by

a) armature winding by drawing demagnetizing component
of the current from ac supply
b) armature winding by drawing magnetizing component of
the current from ac supply
c) field winding by drawing demagnetizing component of the
current from dc supply
d) field winding by drawing magnetizing component of the
current from dc supply
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Excess flux is neutralized y the demagnetizing
component.
4. The V-curves of synchronous motor is plotted between

________
a) Ia Vs If with constant shaft load
b) If Vs Ia with constant shaft load
c) power factor vs If
d) power factor vs Ia
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The V-curves of synchronous motor is plotted
between Ia Vs If with constant shaft load.
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5. When a constant power output is desired to maintain

a) Ef*sinδ and Ia*cosθ are to be maintained constant
b) Ef*sinδ is be maintained constant
c) Ia*cosθ is to be maintained constant
d) Ef*sinδ and Ia*sinθ are to be maintained constant
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: For constant real power output the component
of the excitation voltage lagging to Vt should remain
constant as per the phasor diagram.
6. When the excitation voltage is increased from 1 to 1.3 pu

of a 3-phase synchronous motor. Then load angle for the
constant power operation
a) must be decreased
b) can also be increased
c) increased
d) decreased
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Efsinδ is to be maintained constant. so if
excitation voltage increases then the load angle must
decrease.
7. The armature current is ________ at UPF when

compared to leading power factor for a motor.
a) minimum
b) maximum
c) equal
3 of 8 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At leading pf armature current will be high as
the emf will be high.
8. The armature current is _______ at UPF than motor at

lagging power factor.
a) minimum
b) maximum
c) zero
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: At leading pf armature current will be high as
the emf will be high for a synchronous motor.
9. The inverted V plots is plotted between

a) power factor vs field current for constant shaft load
b) field current vs power factor for variable shaft load
c) armature current vs field current
d) terminal voltage vs power factor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: inverted v-curves are plotted between power
factor and field current for constant shaft load.
10. For a power system having induction motor loads, an

overexcited synchronous motor is also attached. Then the
over all power factor
a) improves
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b) degrades
c) becomes upf
d) remains same
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: An over excited synchronous motor acts as a
source of lagging reactive power and so the overall power
factor improves.
11. For a power system having induction motor loads, an

overexcited synchronous motor is also attached. The
induction motor will now operate at
a) lagging
b) leading
c) reduced power factor
d) increased power factor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Adding synchronous motor will improve the pf
of the system but then the induction motor will still work at
lagging pf only.
12. Synchronous compensators are

a) overexcited synchronous motor with no mechanical load
b) overexcited synchronous motor with mechanical load
c) underexcited synchronous motor with no mechanical load
d) normal excited synchronous motor with no mechanical
load
View Answer
Answer: a
5 of 8 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Explanation: Synchronous compensators are overexcited

synchronous motor with no mechanical load.
13. For a synchronous motor, mark the appropriate.
a) A-Inductor, B-Capacitor
b) A-Capacitor, B-Resistor
c) A-Inductor, B-Inductor
d) A-Capacitor, B-Inductor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A will act as the inductor curve consuming the
reactive power while the B curve is like capacitor.
14. (I) Speed of an isolated alternator can be altered.

(II) Speed of an alternator connected to IBB can be also
altered.
a) I is true, II is false
b) Both the statements are true
c) I is false while II is true
d) Both are false
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Speed of the alternator connected to the
6 of 8 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
infinite bus bas can not be changes as it has to be of fixed

frequency.
15. (I)For constant power of an isolated alternator, V-curves

can be obtained.
(II)For constant power of an alternator connected to IBB,
V-curves can be obtained
a) I is true, II is false
b) Both the statements are true
c) I is false while II is true
d) Both are false
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: For an isolated alternator working at constant
power, we can not alter the armature current to have a
v-curve while the is possible for the machine connected to
infinite bus bar.
16. The operating frequency and voltage of an isolated

alternator ________, if the prime mover input to motor is
increased.
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
d) no relation exists between the power and frequency
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: By varying the prime mover torque, the load
angle as well as the operating frequency also get affected.
17. The active power delivered by an alternator will
7 of 8 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
_______ when the prime mover input is increased for the

alternator connected to infinite bus bar.
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains constant
d) no relation exists between the power and prime mover
droop characteristic
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The load angle will increase and so the real
power will increase in case the prime mover input is
increased.

Answers.
8 of 8 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Two Reaction Theory of Salient Pole Machines ... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Two Reaction Theory of Salient

Pole Machines Questions and
Answers
by Manish
4-5 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Two Reaction Theory of
Salient Pole Machines”.
1. In salient-pole machines, the armature mmf cannot be

accounted for by introducing one equivalent reactance due
to
a) non-uniform airgap
b) variable resistance
c) non-uniform air gap
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to saliency of the of the rotor poles, the air
gap varies and the so one reactance is not sufficient to
express the armature mmf.
2. If the internal power factor angle of synchronous motor is

30 degree. Then the direct-axis component of the armature
1 of 5 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
current will be
a) 0.5 pu
b) 0.866 pu
c) 1.73 pu
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Id = Ia*sinψ = 1*sin30
= 0.5 pu.
3. If the internal pf angle of a synchronous motor is 30

degree. Then the quadrature axis component of the
armature is
a) 0.866 pu
b) 0.5 pu
c) 1.73 pu
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Id = Ia*cosψ = 1*cos(3*0).
4. A salient pole synchronous generator has following per-

unit parameter Xd = 1.2 pu, Xq = 0.8pu, ra = 0.25 ohms.
Then the armature current at 0.8 lagging is
a) 1,-36.9°
b) 1, 36.9°
c) 1, 73°
d) 1, 27°
View Answer
Answer: a
2 of 5 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Explanation: In per unit, armature current will be lagging by

36.9°.
5. The internal power factor angle is given for a lagging load

of a 3- phase alternator.
a) ψ = δ – θ
b) ψ = δ + θ
c) ψ = -δ -θ
d) ψ = δ -θ
View Answer
Answer: b Explanation:
6. Mark the correct expression for alternator working at a
lagging power factor
a) tanψ = (IaXq – Vtsinθ)/(Vtcosθ – Ia*ra)
b) tanψ = (IaXq + Vtsinθ)/(Vtcosθ – Ia*ra)
c) tanψ = (IaXq + Vtsinθ)/(Vtcosθ + Ia*ra)
d) tanψ = (IaXq – Vtsecθ)/(Vtcosecθ – Ia*ra)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The internal power factor angle is given as
tanψ = (IaXq – Vtsinθ)/(Vtcosθ – Iara) for an alternator.
3 of 5 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
7. For a 400 V, 3 phase alternator gives an open circuit

voltage of 380V and armature current of 38A at a field
current of 20A. Then the synchronous reactance of the
machine is
a) 10 ohm
b) 38/√3
c) 19 ohm
d) 1.9 ohm
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Z = Vt/Ia at the same field current = 380/38 =
38 ohms.
8. While finding the parameters for an alternator, its voltage

regulation is found to be negative. Then the load connected
to it must be
a) capacitive nature
b) inductive nature
c) resistive nature
d) can not be judged based on voltage regulation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The given voltage regulation is mentioned as
negative. So it must have a load which is a source of
reactive power and hence it must be a capacitor.
9. for a synchronous motor, its power factor

a) improves with increase in excitation and may even
become leading at higher excitations
b) is independent of its excitation
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c) decreases with increase in excitation

d) increases with loading for a given excitation
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: A per the inverted V- curves it can be easily
concluded that as the excitation increases synchronous
motor becomes leading.
10. For obtaining maximum current when we conduct the

‘Slip Test’ on a synchronous machine, its armature field will
align along
a) d-axis
b) q-axis
c) 45° to d-axis
d) 45° to q-axis
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The maximum current is observed at low
reluctance which is along q-axis.

Answers.
5 of 5 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Power Angle Characteristics of Synchronous Ma... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Power Angle Characteristics of

Synchronous Machines Questions
and Answers
by Manish
5-7 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Power Angle Characteristics
of Synchronous Machines”.
1. Choose the correct power angle characteristics for the

synchronous motor and generator
a)
b)
1 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
c)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the generator mode, the power is positive
and it is taken out of the terminals.
2. For a 3 phase 400V alternator having 0.5pu of

synchronous reactance and its excitation voltage of 1.2pu
and Vt of 1pu. Then the power delivered to the infinite bus
is
a) 2.4pu
b) 4.8pu
c) 1.44pu
d) 1pu
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: P = EV/X = 1.2*1/0.5 = 2.4 pu.
3. For a 3 phase 400V alternator supplying a load of 0.8 pf

lagging at an armature current of 1.1pu. The power
delivered to load is
a) 0.88pu
b) 0.8pu
c) 0.66pu
2 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
d) 1.375pu
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: P = EVsinδ/X = 1.1*1*sin36.67 = 6.6 pu.
4. The power-angle characteristic for a three phase salient

pole alternator is most correctly shown by
a)
b)
c)
3 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
d)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The power angle curve is not completely
sinusoidal due to the salient nature of the poles.
5. A 3 phase 400V salient pole alternator is running at no-

load. Suddenly the excitation is removed then the net power
in the machine is proportional to
a) sin 2d
b) sin d
c) cos 2d
d) 0
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The reluctance power generated will be
proportional to sin(2δ).
6. A 3 phase 400V cylindrical rotor is running at 1500rpm.

Suddenly the field excitation zero. Then the net reluctance
power is
a) 0
b) sin 2d
c) cos d
d) cos 2d
4 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The net reluctance power for a cylindrical rotor
type alternator will be zero if the field excitation is made
zero.
7. A cylindrical rotor alternator can also run as reluctance

motor
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The net reluctance power for a cylindrical rotor
type alternator will be zero if the field excitation is made
zero. There will not be any torque generated.
8. If the synchronous machine is connected to an infinite

bus of constant voltage Vt, through a transformed, a
transmission line of reactance ‘X’. then power for a
cylindrical machine is
a) P = (Ef*Vt sinδ)/(Xs + X)
b) P = (Ef*Ef sin2δ)/(Xs + X)
c) P = (Ef*Vt sinδ)/(Xs – X)
d) P = (Vt*Vt sinδ)/(Xs + X)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The total reactance will be the reactance
offered to the synchronous motor in the machine.
9. Maximum power in cylinder rotor alternator occurs at load
5 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
angle of
a) 90 degree
b) 45 degree
c) less than 90 degree
d) 180 degree
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The maximum power will occur at exact 90°
for a cylindrical rotor alternator.
10. A synchronous generator is operating with a Ef=1.40pu.

This machine having Xs of 1.2pu, is delivering a
synchronous power of 0.5pu to the bus. If the prime-mover
torque is increased by 1%, by how much will the
synchronous power P change?
a) 1%
b) 10%
c) -1%
d) 4%
View Answer
Answer:a
Explanation: dP/dδ = EVcosδ/X
So the change in P will also be 1%.
11. A synchronous generator is running over excited with a

Ef=1.40pu. This machine, with a synchronous reactance of
1.2pu, is delivering a synchronous power of 0.5pu to the
bus. If the prime-mover torque is increased by 1%, by how
much will the reactive power, Q change?
a) -0.475 %
6 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
b) 0.475%
c) 4.75%
d) -4.75%
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: dQ/dδ = -EVsinδ/X
dP/dδ = EVcosδ/X
dQ/dP = -tanδ = -tan25.4 = -0.475
dQ = -0.475%.
12. A synchronous machine which is synchronized with an

infinite bus. If it is desired to obtain a condition when the
machine delivers the real power to the IBB without changing
the field excitation, then
a) reactive power will be consumed by the machine
b) reactive power will be delivered by the machine
c) no reactive power flow will take place
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to the condition here that it is providing
the real power to the infinite bus bar here, the machine will
need more flux to produce the real power in the machine.
13. The phasor addition of stator and rotor mmfs in a

cylindrical rotor synchronous machine, is possible because
a) mmfs are rotating in opposite direction
b) mmfs are rotating in same direction at different speeds
c) mmfs are stationary with respect to each other
d) one mmf is stationary and the other mmf is rotating
7 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The phasor addition is possible due to the fact
that the two mmfs are stationary with respect to each other.
14. For the effective electromechanical energy conversion

in the device, the developed torque depends upon
a) stator field and torque angle
b) stator field and rotor field
c) stator field and rotor field and the torque angle
d) stator field only
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: T α E*V*sinδ
15. In a synchronous machine, hunting is predominantly

damped by
a) mechanical losses in the rotor
b) iron losses in rotor
c) copper losses of stator
d) copper losses of rotor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The hunting is damped by the copper losses in
the rotor.

8 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Answers.
9 of 9 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Xd & Xq Measurement - Electrical Machines Qu... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
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Xd & Xq Measurement - Electrical

by Manish
6-8 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Measurement of Xd and Xq”.
1. The d-axis reactance is determined by

a) OCC & SCC
b) OCC
c) Slip test
d) SCC
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Both the OCC as well as short circuit test are
used to calculate the d-axis reactance.
2. The slip test is used to determine

a) Xq
b) Xd
c) Xd and Xq
View Answer
Answer: a
1 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Explanation: Slip test is used to determine the q-axis

reactance.
3. During slip test it would be observed that

i) Swing of ammeter is wide
ii) Swing of voltmeter is wide
a) i is true, ii is false
b) i is false, ii is true
c) both true
d) both false
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The impedance during slip test is low so the
voltage drop will be less and the current will be more.
4. Slip test must be conducted at low armature terminal

voltage. This is due to
a) avoiding error due to large slip
b) avoiding error due to small slip
c) avoiding heating
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slip test is conducted at low terminal voltage to
avoid large slip in the synchronous machines.
5. A 3 Phase 400, 100 MVA alternator is connected to

infinite bus bar. If the mechanical power input is more than
the maximum reluctance power, the reluctance generator
will lose synchronizm if
a) field is open circuited
2 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
b) field is short-circuited
c) load is removed
d) damper is removed
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: If the excitation itself is made zero, then
machine will stop.
6. If a cylindrical rotor synchronous generator, is connected

to the IBB, if the field is made zero, then it behaves as
a) induction generator for a short time
b) induction motor
c) synchronous motor
d) synchronous generator
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: It will act as induction motor as there will be
difference in the speed.
7. When a 3–phase alternator is suddenly short–circuited at

its terminals, the initial value of the short–circuit current is
limited by which one of the following ?
a) x”d
b) x’d
c) xs
d) Sum of x”d, x’d and xs
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When suddenly the terminals of the
synchronous machine will be short circuited, at that
3 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
immediate instant it will be subtransient reactance.
8. An alternator with higher value of SCR has

a) better voltage regulation and higher stability limit
b) poor voltage regulation and lower stability limit
c) poor voltage regulation and higher stability limit
d) better voltage regulation and lower stability limit
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: SCR is directly proportional to voltage
regulation. Even stability limit is directly proportional to
SCR.
SCR = 1/X.
9. The phasor diagram of a synchronous machine

connected to an infinite bus is shown in the figure.
The machine is acting as

a) generator and operating at leading pf
b) generator and operating at lagging pf
c) motor and operating at leading pf
d) motor and operating at lagging pf
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The induced voltage leads the bus voltage,
which means that it is at leading pf and then excitation
4 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
magnitude is also more than terminal bus voltage.
10. If the excitation of a 3-phase alternator operating on

infinite bus bars is changed, which one of the following will
get affected?
a) Active real power of machine
b) Reactive power of machine
c) Terminal voltage of machine
d) Frequency of machine
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Excitation is coupled with the reactive power of
the machine majorly.
11. In which one of the following is reluctance power

developed?
a) Salient pole alternator
b) Non-salient pole alternator
c) Squirrel cage rotor type induction motor
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Because there is variable air gap due to
saliency of the poles.
12. While conducting measurement for Xd and Xq, the

information obtained is below
Id max = 10 A; Id min = 5 A
Vd max = 30 V; Vd min = 25 V
Which one of the following is correct?
a) Xd = 3, Xq = 2.5
5 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
b) Xd = 6, Xq = 3.86
c) Xd = 3, Xq = 3.86
d) Xd = 6, Xq = 2.5
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Xd=V(max)/I(min) = 30/5 = 6 ohms;
Xq=V(min)/I(max) = 25/10=2.5 ohms.
13. A synchronous motor is operated at a bus voltage of 1.5

pu and drawing 1.0 pu at zpf leading current. Its
synchronous reactance is 0.4 pu. What is the excitation emf
of the motor?
a) 2.0 pu
b) 1.5 pu
c) 1.0 pu
d) 1.1 pu
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: E = V-I*X = 1-0.5=0.5 pu.
14. Consider a 3-phase alternator with negligible armature

resistance and high rotational inertia delivering power to an
isolated load when the armature terminals got short
circuited. After sometime, the mechanical
power input to the shaft of the machine is terminated at time
t0. The short-circuit current circulating in the armature will
change till the machine comes to halt at ‘ts’. Which one of
the curves depicts this phenomena?
6 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
a)
b)
c)
7 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
d)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The short circuit current will be a constant
value till it flows.
15. A stationary alternator is connected to the infinite bus. It

should not be connected because
a) it will get short circuited
b) it will operate as induction motor
c) it will reduce bus bar voltage
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: When a stationary synchronous machine is
connected to the infinite bus, due to lack of synchronism
there will be short circuit in the machine as the impedance
reached very negligible.
16. Which of the options given will have no effect on the

working of the synchronous motor if ignored?
a) It has comparable reactance
b) It requires dc excitation
c) It can not be started under no load
8 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
d) It has tendency to hunt

View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The medium reactance is not any
disadvantage to the synchronous machine.
17. When synchronous motor is running at synchronous

speed, the damper winding produces
a) no torque
b) eddy current torque
c) damping torque
d) torque aiding the developed torque
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: As the relative speed will be zero in the
damper winding and the torque too.
18. Slip test is performed to obtain

a) direct axis reactance and quadrature axis reactance
b) slip
c) positive and negative sequence reactance
d) sub transient reactance
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Slip test is used to determine the direct axis
and quadrature axis reactance.

9 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM

Answers.
10 of 10 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Synchronous Machine Applications - Electrical... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...
sanfoundry.com
Synchronous Machine
Applications - Electrical Machines
by Manish
5-6 minutes

Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Synchronous Machine
Applications”.
1. One of the most prominent component of base loads is

a) synchronous generator
b) induction generator
c) dc series generator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Synchronous machines are the main
generating section of the power plants.
2. ______ alternator is used in thermal stations and ______

alternator is used in hydel plants.
a) Cylindrical-rotor, salient pole
b) Salinet pole, cylindrical-rotor
c) Salient pole, Reluctance
1 of 7 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
d) Cylindrical-rotor, cylindrical-rotor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Due to salient poles, the machine will not run
at very large speed and it becomes less rugged.
3. Synchronous compensators are mainly employed for

a) compensating reactive power
b) compensating real power
c) improving power factor
d) compensating field flux
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Synchronous compensator is a source for the
reactive power.
4. We prefer induction motor over synchronous motor due

to
a) no requirement of dc supply
b) starting problems
c) sensitive to environment
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: All the listed factors are disadvantages for
using a synchronous motor.
5. The condition which allows the torques to be taken care

for choosing a synchronous motor is/are
a) starting torque
2 of 7 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
b) pull-in torque
c) pull-out torque
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All the performance torques are needed to
know before using any synchronous motor.
6. A synchronous machine with its field winding on stator

and polyphase armature winding on rotor. At steady state,
its air gap field is
a) stationary w.r.t. stator
b) rotating at double the speed Ns w.r.t. rotor
c) rotating in direction opposite to rotor
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: All are correct.
7. A synchronous machine with its field winding on rotor and

polyphase armature winding on stator. At steady state
running condition, its air gap field is
a) stationary w.r.t. stator
b) rotating at double the Ns w.r.t. rotor
c) rotating at -Ns w.r.t. rotor
d) stationary w.r.t. rotor.
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: As the field is on rotor itself, the sir gap will be
stationary w.r.t. rotor.
3 of 7 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
8. Choose the appropriate

The synchronous generators used in the thermal power
stations have
(i) cylindrical rotor
(ii)slip rings and brushes
(iii)laminated rotor
(iv)stator slots in the multiple of 6
(v)salient rotor
a) (i),(ii),(iv)
b) (ii),(iii),(v)
c) (i),(iii)
d) (ii),(iii),(iv),(v)
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal plants use cylindrical rotor
synchronous machines.
9. The practical speed ranges for the thermal, nuclear and

hydel power plants is (in rpm)
a) 3000,3000,300
b) 3000,300,300
c) 1500,1500,3000
d) 1000,500,3000
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Thermal and nuclear power plants have high
speed requirements and hydel power plants have salient
pole generators so the speed is also less.
10. Synchronous motor has been preferred for driving the
4 of 7 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
loads requiring high power at low speeds.

a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Synchronous motor acts a capacitor when
operated at leading p.f. with no load.
11. The zero power characteristics used in the Potier plot

can be obtained by loading the alternator using
a) synchronous motor
b) lamp load
c) dc motor
d) induction motor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: To obtain mmf and emf drops the loading is
done as a synchronous motor.
12. Below are the statements about cylindrical rotor

alternator.
A. E.m.f. generated by armature reaction lags armature
current by 90°.
B. Air gap voltage leads the field flux by 90°
a) Only A is true
b) Only B is true
c) A is true, B is false
d) A and B both are true
View Answer
Answer: d
5 of 7 3/16/18, 3:08 PM
Explanation: Both the statements are right.
13. Out of the given statements about the cylindrical rotor

alternator, mark the correct
A. Air gap voltage lags the field flux by 90°
B. Armature reaction mmf lags the field flux by (90°+
internal p.f. angle)
a) A is false, B is true
b) Only A is true
c) Only B is true
d) Both A and B are true
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Air gap voltage will lead the field flux by 90° in
a cylindrical-rotor alternator.
14. The power factor of an alternator under short circuit

condition will be almost near
a) zero lagging
b) zero leading
c) unity
d) depends on the type of the alternator
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: During short circuit condition, the magnetizing
current flows to provide the core losses compensation. So
the pf is slightly zpf lagging.
15. In a 3-phase cylindrical rotor alternator

a) field mmf leads air gap flux, air gap flux leads armature
flux
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b) field mmf leads air gap flux, air gap flux lags armature
flux
c) armature mmf leads air gap flux and air gap flux leads
field flux
d) armature mmf leads air gap flux and air gap flux lags
field flux
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Check the phasor diagram.

Answers.
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Questions & Answers On Synchronous Machines

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EMF Polygon - Electrical Machines Questions a... about:reader?url=https://www.sanfoundry.com/...

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From these, the correct answer is

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6. Load angle δ is the angle between ____________

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8. Consider the principle that the torque in a rotating

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4. If the current in a coil is AC, the amplitude of MMF

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