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    Bauer MOD PHY Ch35 (Prob17 22)

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    thomaszoy zoy
    This document summarizes key concepts in relativity from Chapter 35: 1) Different mass distributions in gravitational lenses can result in arcs or halos being observed rather than a full ring. Curvature is also affected by mass distribution in objects. 2) Velocities must be added using the Lorentz transformation rather than the Galilean transformation to avoid violations of relativity. 3) A charged particle moving parallel to a current-carrying wire is still attracted due to relativistic effects that change the electric field seen in different frames of reference.

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    Bauer MOD PHY Ch35 (Prob17 22)

    Uploaded by

    thomaszoy zoy
    13 views1 page
    This document summarizes key concepts in relativity from Chapter 35: 1) Different mass distributions in gravitational lenses can result in arcs or halos being observed rather than a full ring. Curvature is also affected by mass distribution in objects. 2) Velocities must be added using the Lorentz transformation rather than the Galilean transformation to avoid violations of relativity. 3) A charged particle moving parallel to a current-carrying wire is still attracted due to relativistic effects that change the electric field seen in different frames of reference.

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    U-Phy,2e,Bauer,ch35,prob17-22

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    Bauer MOD PHY Ch35(Prob17 22)

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    This document summarizes key concepts in relativity from Chapter 35: 1) Different mass distributions in gravitational lenses can result in arcs or halos being observed rather than a full ring. Curvature is also affected by mass distribution in objects. 2) Velocities must be added using the Lorentz transformation rather than the Galilean transformation to avoid violations of relativity. 3) A charged particle moving parallel to a current-carrying wire is still attracted due to relativistic effects that change the electric field seen in different frames of reference.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    13 views1 page

    Bauer MOD PHY Ch35 (Prob17 22)

    Uploaded by

    thomaszoy zoy
    This document summarizes key concepts in relativity from Chapter 35: 1) Different mass distributions in gravitational lenses can result in arcs or halos being observed rather than a full ring. Curvature is also affected by mass distribution in objects. 2) Velocities must be added using the Lorentz transformation rather than the Galilean transformation to avoid violations of relativity. 3) A charged particle moving parallel to a current-carrying wire is still attracted due to relativistic effects that change the electric field seen in different frames of reference.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 1

    Chapter 35: Relativity

    Bauer's Mod-Phy 2e
    35.17. If the lens was situated symmetrically about the mass, there would be indeed be a halo, but since the
    alignment is typically not exact, we see arcs instead. Likewise, the curvature is a result of the object’s mass,
    so if the object does not have a uniform mass distribution, different rays would be affected non-uniformly.
    35.18. In the relativistic limit, velocities must be added relativistically (using the Lorentz transformation) rather
    than classically (using the Galilean transformation), as your friend is suggesting. Let F ′ be the frame of
    the rocket and F be the frame of the Earth. The torpedo has a speed of u ' = 2c / 3 with respect to the
    rocket (frame F ′ ) and the rocket travels at a speed of v = 2c / 3 with respect to Earth (frame F ).
    According to the Lorentz transformation the velocity, u, of the torpedo in the Earth’s frame is

    = u =
    u '+ v ( 2c / 3 ) =
    + ( 2c / 3 ) 12
    c.
    1 + vu '/ c 2
    ( )
    1 + 4c 2 / 9 / c 2 13
    This is less than the speed of light, so no violation of the theory of relativity occurs.
    35.19. Yes, the observer still sees the positive charge attracted to the wire. If the positive charge is moving, with

    velocity v in the lab frame, parallel to the current, then it is actually moving anti-parallel to electrons,

    which have velocity −u in the lab frame. Since the positive charge sees only a magnetic field, this must
    mean that the wire is electrically neutral, i.e. there are equal positive charges (ion cores) per unit length as
    there are negative charges per unit length. When the wire is seen in the reference frame of the positive
    charge, the positive charge is stationary while the ion cores are moving away from the positive charge with

    velocity −v . The electrons are also moving away from the positive charge with a velocity
    −u − v
    = u' < −v.
    1 + vu / c 2
    Both the electrons and ion cores have their separation contracted due to their velocities. Since the
    electrons are; however, moving faster than the ion cores, their separation is smaller than the separation of
    the ion cores, meaning the positive charge now sees a net electric charge in any given length of wire and is
    therefore, attracted to the wire via an electric force instead of the magnetic force in the lab frame.
    35.20. The pilot of the rocket sees the garage length contracted. At the speed of the rocket the value of γ is:
    −1/2
     v2   ( 0.866c )2 
    −1/2

    γ=
    1 − 2  1 −  = 2.
     c   c2 
     
    The rocket pilot therefore thinks that the garage has a length that is reduced by the γ factor of 2; that is,
    ( L / 2) / γ = L / 4 .
    35.21. Since the rod makes an angle with the x-axis, it has a projected length on both the x and y axes. Since the
    velocity is in the x-direction, only the projection of the length on the x-axis will be contracted, meaning the
    y-projection length remains unchanged. Since the angle is given by θ = tan −1 ( y / x ) , as x decreases, the
    angle increases as viewed by an observer on the ground.
    35.22. The primary reason that this presents no contradiction is that the two observations are made in reference
    frames that are not equivalent. As such, the measurements cannot be directly compared simply by making
    comparison of observed dimensions. The Earth’s shape is distorted from the usual spherical shape due to
    the fact that length contraction that occurs in the direction of the observers motion only – perpendicular
    to the axis of rotation for the first astronaut and along the axis of rotation for the second astronaut. If the
    two observers really want to compare what they’ve seen, they must exchange information that includes
    their own relative speed and direction with respect to the Earth.

    1325

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