Course Module 4
Course Module 4
Course Module 4
16 1 of 6
Course: WELDING OF MILD STEEL
Module 4
2009.08.16 2 of 6
List of content
MODULE 4..........................................................................................................................................3
Welding procedures and instructions...............................................................................................3
MODULE 4
The Manufacturer shall prepare the Welding Procedure Specification(s) (WPS) and shall ensure that
these are used correctly in production.
The welding procedures applied during production shall be as specific as possible, in order to
clearly identify actions and parameters to be used for the required joint. However, if the relevant
WPS contains data too detailed and not useful for the welder, dedicated work instructions may be
used directly derived from such a WPS containing only the necessary data. These instructions have
to refer directly to the welding procedure specification they derived from, e.g. by referring to the
relevant WPS number.
Considering that welding is a special process and that the quality of the welded joint cannot be
properly controlled only by final tests, the welding procedures significant for the final product
quality shall be qualified precisely prior to production. As a consequence, those Welding Procedure
Specifications should be prepared in accordance with a Welding Procedure Qualification Record
(WPQR). Normative references to the specification and to the qualification of welding procedures
are given in the table.
ISO 15607 WPS,
General Rules
WPQR
ISO 15610 Qualification based on tested welding consumables
All fusion welding ISO 15611 Qualification based on previous welding
All
processes ISO 15612 experience
WPQR
Qualification by adoption of a standard welding
ISO 15613 procedure
Qualification based on preproduction welding test
ISO 15609-2 WPS Compiling
Gas Welding Steels Qualification based on welding procedure test –
ISO 15614 1 WPQR
Steels
Arc welding ISO 15609-1 All WPS Compiling
Steels and Nickel
ISO 15614 - 1 WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
alloys
Aluminium,
ISO 15614 - 2 WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
Magnesium
ISO 15614 - 3 Steel castings WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
Aluminium
ISO 15614 - 4 WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
castings
Titanium and
ISO 15614 - 5 WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
zirconium
ISO 15614 - 6 Copper WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
ISO 15614 – 7 All applicable WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test –
corrosion resistance overlay, cladding restore and
hardfacing
Qualification based on welding procedure test
ISO 15614 – 8 All applicable WPQR
Welding of tubes to tubeplate joints
Electron beam ISO 15609 – 3 All WPS Compiling
welding ISO 15614 – 11 All applicable WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
ISO 15609 – 4 All WPS Compiling
Laser Welding
ISO 15614 – 11 All applicable WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
Underwater Arc
Welding – Wet ISO 15614 – 9 All applicable WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
Hyperbaric
Underwater Arc
Welding – Dry ISO 15614 – 10 All applicable WPQR Qualification based on welding procedure test
Hyperbaric
Different methods for the qualification of welding procedures are available:
- welding procedure test – this method consists in welding a standardised test piece on which
destructive and nondestructive tests are carried out in order to verify the achievement of
required properties;
- use of approved welding consumables this method of approval may be used if the welding
consumables and the base material are not particularly affecting the welding quality, provided
that heat inputs are kept within specified limits;
- previous welding experience a welding procedure may be qualified by referring to previous
experiences in welding if the Manufacturer is able to prove, by appropriate authentic
documentation of an independent nature, that he has previously satisfactorily welded the same
joint with reliable results;
- use of a standard welding procedure – a procedure is qualified if it is issued as a specification in
the format of a WPS or WPQR based on appropriate qualification (e.g based on the relevant part
of EN ISO 15614), not related to the Manufacturer and qualified by an examiner or examining
body;
- Pre production Test this method is the only reliable method of qualification for those welding
procedures in which the resulting properties of the weld strongly depend on certain conditions
such as: components, special restraint conditions, heat sinks etc., which cannot be reproduced
by standardised test pieces; it is mostly used when the shape and dimensions of standardised
pieces do not adequately represent the joint to be welded.
Even if different qualification methods are considered, the most commonly used are qualification by
welding procedure test and preproduction test; however the applicable method of qualification is
generally specified in either manufacturing codes, standards or contracts.
In order to demonstrate the achieved quality of the welded product, all the welding related
documents (e.g. WPS, WPQR, Welder’s Qualification record, etc) shall be properly controlled.
This involves the preparation and maintenance of a procedure for the management of such
documents, in order to identify issuance responsibilities, distribution methods, availability, and
method for withdrawing obsolete documents. Even if it is not a normative requirement, a commonly
adopted method to control documentation is the production of a written procedure, produced or
approved by the welding coordinator, to be kept by the Manufacturer quality assurance department
or directly by the welding coordinator himself.
In the next page a typical WPS form is reported, produced according to EN ISO156091.
Welding Procedure Specification