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CEMB 111 Civil Engineering Materials: Laboratory Experiment 9

This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the flexural strength of concrete beams through a three-point bending test. The experiment involves mixing concrete with varying water-cement ratios, casting concrete beams, curing them for 7 days, and then testing them to failure using a loading apparatus that applies a center point load. The flexural strength is calculated based on the maximum load at failure. The objectives are to gain experience performing the standard test and to observe how the water-cement ratio affects the beams' flexural strength.

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hamed
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106 views

CEMB 111 Civil Engineering Materials: Laboratory Experiment 9

This document describes a laboratory experiment to determine the flexural strength of concrete beams through a three-point bending test. The experiment involves mixing concrete with varying water-cement ratios, casting concrete beams, curing them for 7 days, and then testing them to failure using a loading apparatus that applies a center point load. The flexural strength is calculated based on the maximum load at failure. The objectives are to gain experience performing the standard test and to observe how the water-cement ratio affects the beams' flexural strength.

Uploaded by

hamed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CEMB 111 Civil Engineering Materials

Laboratory experiment 9

Group members
Khaled Bagheri CE095925
Govin Kumar A/L Manivannan CE095253
Mohd Shahzwan Bin Jiblin CE095269
Ng Kian Wee CE094296
Summary
This experiment is related to the strength of concrete, which is flexural
strength. It is also known as modulus of rupture, band strength, or
fracture strength a mechanical parameter for brittle material. Besides,
flexural strength (or modulus of rupture) is one of the principal factors
in a concrete pavement design. Moreover, flexural strength is one
measure of the tensile strength of concrete.

Introduction
The determination of the bending tensile strength is essential
estimation of the load at which the concrete members may crack. The
test is also known as modulus of rupture test. The modulus of rupture is
the maximum tensile stress reached in the bottom fiber of un-
reinforced test beam. The flexural stress is expressed as the modulus of
rupture obtained by the application of center-point loading.

Objective
Determine the flexural strength of concrete beam by using simple beam
with center-point load. The experiment is prescribed in ASTM C 293-79

Apparatus
1. Concrete mixer
2. Shovel
3. Float
4. Measuring apparatus
5. Rigid steel from 51 cm long by 15cm in other two dimensions
6. Point loading apparatus
7. Loading machine

Materials
Basic Materials:

1. Ordinary Portland Cement


2. Clean water
3. Air-dried coarse aggregates of 20mm nominal size that is free
from any lumps

Concrete Mix:

1. Proportion of cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate= 1:2:4


2. Water / cement ratio of 0.45, 0.55 and 0.65

Figure 1
Procedure
Testing of specimens:

1. Specimen is tested as soon as practical after removal from curing


tank. Surface drying of the specimens results in reduction in the
measured flexural strength.
2. Apparatus is set up as figure 1
3. Specimens are centered in relation to the applied force.
4. Loading system is centered in relation to the applied force.
5. The selector switch is turned to enable the control on right-hand
side of the panel.

Precaution: the specimen is loaded continuously and without shock

6. The following features (press “E” to enter “c” to cancel ) as an


input:
a. “FLEXURE” is selected
b. Capacity of 150kN is selected
c. Distance between bearer = 300mm
d. Depth of prism = 100mm
e. Height of prism = 100mm
f. Load pace = 2N/cm²/s
7. During the test ,the knob is turned clockwise(-) to reduce oil flow
and turned anticlockwise to increase oil flow
8. The load is applied a constant rate to the breaking point.
9. The dimensions of the specimen cross section is determined for
use in calculating modulus of rupture

R=3PL/2bd²

Where

R = Modulus of rupture MPa

P = maximum applied load kN

L = Span length mm

b = average width of specimen mm

d = average depth of the specimen mm

Discussion

1. Comment on the possibility of committing errors and mistake in


performing the test based on the given procedures.

The mistakes that we might make during the experiment are that
the water and aggregate might not have mixed well due to the small
amount of water. Or maybe there were mistakes when reading and
recording the masses. Besides, We might have used the wrong
proportion of materials in making concrete mix. Another case might
be concrete were not clean enough and there are any unwanted
materials and that might change the strength of the specimen,
maybe we hit the specimen while moving it around which also made
the strength less and the specimen weak.

2. Comment on possible ways to improve the accuracy of the test


results.

Several ways can be used to improve the accuracy of the test


results, including that we should make sure the concrete mixer
didn’t contain any unwanted materials and balance concrete that
had stuff inside it before mixing the water cement and aggregate
together. Make sure to have the right proportion of materials
before performing the experiment. Make sure that the concretes
are already cleaned from in unwanted material before placing them
in the position of the testing machine. Hold the concrete nicely to
make sure they won’t knock anything that will disturb its original
condition, before taking it to the testing place.

3. Comment on the usefulness and applications of the result of


this experiment.

This test method is used to determine the modulus of rupture of


specimens prepared and cured the strength determined will vary
where there are differences in specimen size preparation, moisture
condition, or curing.
The results of this test method maybe use to determine compliance
with specifications or as a basis for proportioning, mixing and
placement operation this test method produces values of flexural
strength significantly higher than test method.

Conclusion

From the experiment we learned that the flexural strength for the
concrete specimen that has been cured for 7 days was determined.
We can also say that this experiment was useful to the strength of
the specimen before it fails to take anymore load.

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