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    Reported Speech 1

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    avghvg123
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech, also known as quoted and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the general idea of what someone said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, verb tenses usually change (backshift) if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs may also need to be changed according to specific rules. Commands and requests change from the imperative mood to the infinitive form when changing to indirect speech.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Reported Speech 1

    Uploaded by

    avghvg123
    86 views24 pages
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech, also known as quoted and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the general idea of what someone said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, verb tenses usually change (backshift) if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs may also need to be changed according to specific rules. Commands and requests change from the imperative mood to the infinitive form when changing to indirect speech.

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    The document discusses direct and indirect speech, also known as quoted and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the general idea of what someone said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, verb tenses usually change (backshift) if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs may also need to be changed according to specific rules. Commands and requests change from the imperative mood to the infinitive form when changing to indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    86 views24 pages

    Reported Speech 1

    Uploaded by

    avghvg123
    The document discusses direct and indirect speech, also known as quoted and reported speech. Direct speech uses quotation marks to report someone's exact words, while indirect speech reports the general idea of what someone said without using their exact words. When changing direct speech to indirect speech, verb tenses usually change (backshift) if the reporting verb is in the past tense. Pronouns, adverbs of time and place, and modal verbs may also need to be changed according to specific rules. Commands and requests change from the imperative mood to the infinitive form when changing to indirect speech.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 24

    DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

    (Reported Speech)
    DIRECT SPEECH
    Saying exactly what someone has
    said is called direct speech
    (sometimes called quoted speech)
    Here what a person says appears
    within quotation marks ("...") and
    should be word for word.
    For example:
    "I'm going to the cinema", he said.
    Indirect Speech

    Indirect speech is also


    called as reported
    speech because it is
    used by a person to
    report someone’s
    speech in his/her
    own words.
    For example:
    He said he was
    going to the
    cinema.
    CHANGING SPEECH
    THE RULES !!
    RULE 1

    Check the tense of the reporting


    verb to decide whether the
    corresponding tenses will change
    or not (no backshift).
    When reporting speech, the tense
    usually changes. This is because
    when we use reported speech, we
    are usually talking about a time in
    the past (because obviously the
    person who spoke originally spoke
    in the past). The verbs, therefore,
    usually have to be in the past too.
    (Backshift)
    RULE 2
    If the reporting verb is in the
    present tense, the tenses of
    the Direct Speech do not
    change. Thus,
    Example: He says he is
    unwell.
    RULE 3
    When the reporting verb is in the
    past tense, all present tenses of
    the Direct Speech are changed
    into the corresponding past
    tenses.
    Direct speech Indirect speech

    Present simple Past simple


    She said, "It's cold.“ She said it was cold.
    Present continuous Past continuous
    She said, "I'm She said she was
    teaching English teaching English
    online." online.
    Present perfect Past perfect
    She said, "I've been She said she had
    on the web since been on the web since
    1999." 1999.
    Direct speech Indirect speech
    Past simple Past perfect
    She said, "I taught She said she had taught
    online yesterday.“ online yesterday.
    Past continuous Past perfect
    She said, "I was continuous
    teaching earlier." She said she had been
    teaching earlier.
    Past perfect
    She said, "The Past perfect
    lesson had already NO CHANGE
    started when he
    arrived."
    DIRECT INDIRECT
    Am, is, are Was/were
    Shall/will Should/would
    Can Could
    May Might
    RULE 4
    Words expressing nearness in
    time or place are generally
    changed into words expressing
    distance in case of both rule 2
    and rule 3.
    Direct speech Indirect speech
    this (evening) that (evening)
    today That day
    these (days) those (days)
    now then
    (a week) ago (a week) before
    last weekend the previous weekend
    here there
    next (week) the following (week)
    tomorrow the next/following day
    1. STATEMENT

    HE SAID
    HE SAID TO ME THAT REPORTED WORDS
    HE TOLD ME
    STATEMENT EXAMPLE

    DIRECT INDIRECT
    They said to me: “we are They said to me that
    going to visit Bogota they were going to
    tomorrow.” visit Bogota the
    following day.

    Sebastian said: “I didn’t go to


    Sebastian said that
    school today.
    he hadn’t gone to
    school that day.
    Anne told Mariathat
    Anne told Maria: “My father
    got angry with me last night.
    her father had got
    angry with her the
    night before.
    STATEMENT Exception:
    If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there won’t be
    any changes in the Reported (Indirect) speech .

    DIRECT INDIRECT
    Cindy says: “ I will come to Cindy says that she
    your house tonight.” will come to my
    house tonight
    Ingrid says: “I have seen that Ingrid says that he
    film two times.” has seen that film
    two times.
    “Jennifer says: “I meet my Jennifer says that
    boyfriend every saturday.”
    she meets her
    boyfriend every
    Jairo says: “I don’t like Saturday.
    sports.”
    Jairo says that he
    doesn’t like sports.
    REPORTING
    COMMANDS AND
    REQUESTS
    In reporting commands and
    requests, the Indirect Speech is
    introduced by some verb
    expressing command or request,
    and the imperative mood is
    changed into the Infinitive.
    REPORTING
    COMMANDS AND
    REQUESTS
    Example:
    Direct speech:
    “Go home!” Mary said.
    Reported speech:
    Mary said to go home.
    HE ASKED ME
    HE TOLD ME TO INFIVITIVE
    COMMAND EXAMPLE

    DIRECT INDIRECT
    The teacher asked me: The teacher asked me
    Open your book to page to open my book to
    65!” page 65.
    Sofia asked Maria to
    Sofia asked Maria: “give give her a piece of
    me a piece of paper”! paper.
    Roberto told him to
    “Roberto told him: “call me call him that night.
    tonight!
    HE ASKED ME
    HE TOLD ME NOT TO INFIVITIVE
    COMMAND EXAMPLE

    DIRECT INDIRECT
    Camila asked Pedro: Don’t Camila asked Pedro
    leave me alone anymore!” not to leave her
    alone anymore.
    Valeria asked Ismael: Valeria asked Ismael
    “Don’t hurt me anymore”! not to hurt her
    anymore.
    “Santiago told them: Santiago told them
    “Don’t disturb me! not to disturb him.
    Let’s Practice…

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