Class 46-47 (Workover Operation)
Class 46-47 (Workover Operation)
Class 46-47 (Workover Operation)
CASING SHOE
SLOTTED LINER
UNDERREAMER
BIT
Remedial measures for the mentioned problems
-Workover time is very important due to idling and high inventory of sick wells
-The planning of workover job is important step, which is jointly prepared by
reservoir engineer, geologist, workover groups
-A system approach is essential for correct interpretation of well behavior,
well problem and repairs to be taken-up to avoid needless jobs
-The system requires a several well information
- well history commencing from G. T. O.
- drilling and cementation history
- well completion and inclination profile
- log interpretation reports of different logs taken in the well
- production, bottom hole study and test data
- prediction about the well and present well
After through investigation, the workover plan is prepared. The use of workover
rig involves high cost, so its judicious utilization should be the prime motive of
every planner and execution engineer.
Identification of completion defect
P–C=O
The chromium (Cr3+) ion cross-link numerous
O – Cr – O – C
number of polymers, so that the molecular weight
O–C=O of cross linked polymer is in the billion range
P
TREATMENT DESIGN
Pre-treatment:
• Wells are conditioned by pre-flush that consists of a slug of
biocide, weak organic acid and cross linkers. The use of biocide
assures a bacteria free environment for polymer treatment. The
cross linkers is a surface active agents which promotes polymer
absorption on formation surface if scale or iron is present.
• A small volume of weak acid treatment to be done to clean the
perforation and tubing.
• All pre-flush treatment solutions are injected into formation and
well is shut in overnight
Treatment volume:
Treatment volume is calculated from reservoir parameter, shape factor
and required
Let, radius of cross linker gel around wellbore, r = 5 m
porosity (Φ
Φ) = 0.2
water saturation = 0.3
height of formation = 8 m
cross-section of 5 m radius = Πr2 = 78.5 m2
volume of cross linker solution = 78.5 * h*Φ
Φ*(1-0.3)
= 88 m3
Polymer treatment :
After the pre-treatment the polymer solution of approx.
2000-3000 ppm in 1% KCl with oxygen scavenger is injected
at approximately 200 LPM. Polymer mixing and injection
begins while continuously monitoring the injection rate and
pressure is necessary. Treated wells are over displaced with
water free crude which helps to restore the natural increase
in relative oil permeability near the wellbore while driving
polymer solution away from the wellbore. The well is then
shut in for a minimum of 48 hours.
BEFORE AND AFTER POLYMER TREATMENT
MULTILAYER PRODUCTION
WATER CONING WITH SHARP K CONTRAST
RELATIVE PERMEABILITY GRAPHS
BEFORE AND AFTER POLYMER TREATMENT
WORKOVER OPERATION FOR CONTROLLING SAND
The sand cut problem arises due to high withdrawal rate and
increase in water saturation
Related problem:
• sand fills inside hole, casing or tubing and shuts off production
• erosion damages linear, tubing and creates unsafe well condition
SAND CONTROL METHOD
ADVANTAGE:
• does not rely on chemical reaction and less subject to deterioration with
time
• less effected by varying permeability in the formation
• more effective for long intervals-intermixed shale/sand intervals
• less expensive and more effective
DISADVANTAGE:
• wellbore diameter is restricted by presence of gravel and screen
• well repair require removal of packer, screen and gravel
• difficult to isolate unwanted gas or water production
Requirements of successful gravel pack:
1. Gravel has to be sized to effectively stop formation sand
movement
2. Gravel has to be packed in tight pack, with radius of pack as
large as possible
3. Design to minimize formation damage
Carrying fluid:
Gravel pack job is carried out by polymer, water (brine) as a
carrier fluid
SELECTION OF SUITABLE GRAVEL
Based on sieve analysis of representative sample of formation sand
The gravel will be selected based on the criteria that are 4 – 8 times of D-50.
AN EXAMPLE
Advantage: Advantage:
• a tight annulus pack can be achieved • a tighter annulus pack
• does not bypass near wellbore damage • more sand behind pipe and perforation
• Re-stress formation and bypass near
wellbore damage
Disadvantage:
• increased erosion effect and volume of fluid
Used when: used
unable to get rate due to narrow • more equipment and higher cost when
clearness compared to low rate water pack
perforations are clean and pre-pack Used when;
In all type of application
ACIDIZING JOB
It id defined as the injection of acid into the formation porosity
(inter granular, vugular or fracture) at a pressure below the
pressure at which a fracture can be opened
Due to extremely large surface area contacted by acid in a matrix
treatment, spending time is very short. Therefore, it is difficult to
affect formation more than a few feet from the wellbore.
Removal of severe plugging in sandstone, limestone or dolomite
can result in a very large increase in productivity.
Carbonate Acidizing Acid wash-perforation
Matrix acidizing –wellbore
TYPE OF ACIDIZING damage
Sandstone Acidizing Acid fracture stimulation
Pre-flush
After flush
SANDSTONE ACIDIZING FOR OIL WELLS
PRE-FLUSH treatment for oil well:
The pre-flush is usually 5-10 % HCl containing a corrosion
inhibitor and other additives as required.
The reaction rates on sand and clay are dependent on the ratio of
the surface area of the rock to volume of acid in the sandstone
pores
HF can be generated in-situ by using ammonium-bifluoride –
fluoride mixture. It dissolves in HCl to produce