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    Mining Methods: Plotmaker

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    tamanimo
    This document discusses various coal mining methods, including opencast and underground mining. For opencast mining, the main methods described are shovel and dumper, dragline, surface miner, and bucket wheel excavator. Underground mining methods discussed include continuous miners, longwall mining, and road headers. New concepts being implemented in India such as highwall mining, punch longwall mining, and longwall top coal caving are also summarized. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of the equipment used for different mining methods.

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    Mining Methods: Plotmaker

    Uploaded by

    tamanimo
    111 views78 pages
    This document discusses various coal mining methods, including opencast and underground mining. For opencast mining, the main methods described are shovel and dumper, dragline, surface miner, and bucket wheel excavator. Underground mining methods discussed include continuous miners, longwall mining, and road headers. New concepts being implemented in India such as highwall mining, punch longwall mining, and longwall top coal caving are also summarized. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of the equipment used for different mining methods.

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    This document discusses various coal mining methods, including opencast and underground mining. For opencast mining, the main methods described are shovel and dumper, dragline, surface miner, and bucket wheel excavator. Underground mining methods discussed include continuous miners, longwall mining, and road headers. New concepts being implemented in India such as highwall mining, punch longwall mining, and longwall top coal caving are also summarized. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of the equipment used for different mining methods.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    111 views78 pages

    Mining Methods: Plotmaker

    Uploaded by

    tamanimo
    This document discusses various coal mining methods, including opencast and underground mining. For opencast mining, the main methods described are shovel and dumper, dragline, surface miner, and bucket wheel excavator. Underground mining methods discussed include continuous miners, longwall mining, and road headers. New concepts being implemented in India such as highwall mining, punch longwall mining, and longwall top coal caving are also summarized. The document provides diagrams and descriptions of the equipment used for different mining methods.

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    of 78

    Mining Methods

    5th December 2008

    VENKAT M.
    PlotMaker
    Team Lead – Minex, INDIA
    Mining Methods
    • Coal is mined by two main methods - surface
    or ‘opencast’ mining and ‘underground’
    mining.
    • The choice of method is largely determined by
    the depth, geology of the coal deposit and
    other factors.
    • The majority of the world's coal production is
    coming from Opencast mines.
    • This scenario is same in India also.
    Mining Process OPENCAST

    Drilling Drill machines (rotary/percussive)


    | |
    Blasting SMS, emulsion, Primer, Nonel, etc
    | |
    Loading Shovels, Draglines, etc
    | |
    Hauling Front-end loader, etc
    | |
    Transporting Dumpers, Conveyors, etc
    | |
    Processing/Washing Coal washeries…
    Mining Process OPENCAST

    Drilling
    |
    Blasting
    |
    Loading
    | DRAG LINE
    Hauling
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Mining Process OPENCAST

    Drilling
    SURFACE MINER
    |
    Blasting
    |
    Loading
    |
    Hauling
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Mining Process OPENCAST

    Drilling
    |
    Blasting
    |
    Loading
    IN-PIT CRUSHING &
    | CONVEYING
    Hauling
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Mining Process UNDERGROUND

    Drilling Coal drill


    | |
    Blasting Permitted explosives
    Supporting | |
    Ventilation Loading Manual/ SDL/ LHD/Scraper
    Pumping
    | |
    Hauling Manual/ SDL/ LHD/Scraper
    | |
    Transporting Tubs, Conveyors, etc
    | |
    Processing/Washing Coal washeries…
    Mining Process UNDERGROUND

    Drilling
    ROAD HEADERS
    | CONTINUOUS MINERS
    Blasting
    |
    Loading
    |
    Hauling
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Mining Process UNDERGROUND

    Drilling
    |
    Blasting
    |
    Loading
    | SDL/ LHD/
    Hauling SCRAPER
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Mining Process UNDERGROUND

    Drilling
    |
    Blasting
    |
    Loading LONGWALL
    |
    Hauling
    |
    Transporting
    |
    Processing/Washing
    Selection of Mining Equipment
    • Stripping Ratio – in case of Opencast.
    • Life of the mine
    • Infrastructure available
    • Proposed annual output
    • Technology available
    OPENCAST
    MINING
    Different OC Machinery

    1. Shovel + Dumper
    2. Dragline
    3. Surface Miner
    4. Bucket Wheel Excavator
    5. In-pit crushing + Spreader
    Schematic diagram of Opencast
    Heavy blasting in open cast benches
    Shovel + Dumper

    1. Multi seam extraction

    2. More flexibility

    3. Can work in steep gradients upto 1 in 5


    Shovel + Dumper
    Rope Shovel and Dumper
    Hydraulic Shovel and Dumper
    Surface Miner
    1. Selective mining.

    2. Particularly suitable for coal having


    compressive strength below 250 kg/cm2.

    3. Suitable in gradient of 1 in 10 and flatter.


    Surface Miner
    Surface Miner
    Bucket wheel excavator

    1. Used mainly for lignite extraction.

    2. Particularly suitable for coal having low


    compressive strength upto 100 kg/cm2.
    Bucket wheel excavator
    DRAGLINE
    1. Gradients flatter than 1 in 6.
    2. Seams should be free of faults & other
    geological disturbances.
    3. Deposits with Major Strike length.
    4. A hilly property is not suitable.
    5. Deposit should have atleast 15 years life.
    DRAGLINE
    Giant Dragline bucket
    In-pit crusher conveyor technology
    In-pit crusher conveyor technology
    In-pit crusher conveyor technology
    UNDERGROUND MINING
    Incline entry into a seam.
    Entry through a shaft
    Entry
    through a
    shaft
    Man riding systems in the mines
    A well supported underground roadway
    Coal train - 1919, Pennsylvania
    Drilling operation in the coal face
    MANUAL COAL LOADING
    LOAD HAUL DUMPER

    Capacity – 2/2.7 Cu.M


    Production – 150/200 Tonnes/day
    For seams of 1 in 6 gradient and flatter
    Thickness of 2.0 m to 4.0 m
    SIDE DUMP LOADER

    Capacity – 1.0 Cu.M


    Production – 120 Tonnes/day
    For seams of 1 in 5 gradient and flatter
    Thickness of 2.0 m to 3.5 m
    MECHANISED DRIVAGE MACHINES

    Rate of drivage –6 meters/day


    Production –150 Tonnes/day
    For seams of 1 in 4 gradient and flatter
    Thickness of 2.0 m to 4.0 m
    Continuous Miner

    Rate of drivage –50 meters/day


    Production –1500 Tonnes/day
    For seams of 1 in 5 gradient and flatter
    Thickness of 3.0 m to 4.0 m
    Mechanised Roof Bolter

    Bolting -240 bolts/day


    For seams of 1 in 5 gradient and flatter
    Thickness of 2.0 m to 5.0 m
    LONGWALL GENERAL LAYOUT
    TOP Gate

    FACE

    Dip direction

    Bottom
    Gate
    - Longwall mining method includes drivage of two long roadways in coal and joining them
    at the end by a perpendicular drivage forming a face.
    LONGWALL MINING
    SHEARER WORKING AT LONGWALL FACE
    SHEARER WORKING AT LONGWALL FACE
    POWERED ROOF SUPPORT AT LONGWALL FACE
    LONGWALL MAIN GATE
    NEW CONCEPTS
    (Going to be implemented in INDIA)
    Highwall Mining

    Bench Mining

    Trench Mining
    Highwall Mining
    Highwall Mining
    Punch Longwall
    Punch Longwall
    Advantages

    • Step change in cost and productivity


    • More production capacity
    • High productivity & low cost
    • Longer term and higher % of reserves extraction
    • Easy logistics – near surface
    • High gate road development rates feasible
    • Higher and faster returns on investment
    • Total investment ~ $100 million – compared with > $300
    millions UG
    Punch Longwall
    Punch Longwall
    Erection of Arches
    Erection of Arches
    Meshing & Lagging with special sleepers
    Punch Longwall
    Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC)

    Technical Principle Of Top Caving


    Rock stress 1st pressure Low stress Stress 2nd pressure Compact
    peak abrupt drop peak stress

    Pressure curve of top coalseam

    Fracture
    Virgin
    5600

    Coal Broken Coal


    coal goaf

    caving
    2800

    Working
    Height

    Front AFC Rear AFC

    back
    Longwall Top Coal Caving (LTCC)
    PED schematic operation

    Antenna
    (Surface or
    Underground)
    Link Data Link

    PC for Modulator Transmitter

    entering Ultra Low Frequency Transmission


    messages. Through Rock

    PED Receivers can be:


    • BeltPED Personal Receiver (shown)
    • AutoPED Vehicle Receiver
    • ControlPED for Equipment Switching
    • BlastPED for Remote Blast Initiation
    PED receiver cap lamps
    Questions…
    Please
    VENKAT M.
    TL-Minex-INDIA

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