Designation: A694/A694M − 16

Standard Specification for

Carbon and Alloy Steel Forgings for Pipe Flanges, Fittings,
Valves, and Parts for High-Pressure Transmission Service1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A694/A694M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* A106/A106M Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe

1.1 This specification covers forged or rolled steel pipe for High-Temperature Service
flanges, forged fittings, valves, and parts suitable for use with A381 Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use
high-strength transmission-service pipe. Included are flanges, With High-Pressure Transmission Systems
fittings, and similar parts ordered either to dimensions specified A707/A707M Specification for Forged Carbon and Alloy
by the purchaser or to ASME or MSS dimensional standards Steel Flanges for Low-Temperature Service
referenced in Section 2. A788/A788M Specification for Steel Forgings, General Re-
quirements
1.2 Several grades of material, based on minimum yield A961/A961M Specification for Common Requirements for
strength requirements, are covered, as indicated in Table 1. Steel Flanges, Forged Fittings, Valves, and Parts for
1.3 Supplementary Requirements are provided. Supplemen- Piping Applications
tary Requirement S1 is provided for use when purchaser 2.3 ASME Standards:
approval is required for repair welding.
ASME B 16.5 Steel Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings3
1.4 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units ASME B 16.9 Steel Butt-Welding Fittings3
and in SI units. However, unless the order specifies the ASME B 16.11 Forged Steel Fittings, Socket Welding and
applicable “M” specification designation (SI units), the mate- Threaded3
rial shall be furnished to inch-pound units. ASME B 16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges3
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units 2.4 MSS Standards:4
are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the MSS SP-44 Standard for Steel Pipe Line Flanges
SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each MSS SP-75 Specification for High-Test Welding Fittings
system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system must MSS SP-97 Integrally Reinforced Forged Branch Outlet
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the Fittings
two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
2.5 API Standard:
2. Referenced Documents 5L Specification for Line Pipe5
2.1 In addition to those reference documents listed in 3. Ordering Information
Specification A961/A961M, the following list of standards
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apply to this specification: 3.1 It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the

2.2 ASTM Standards: 2 purchase order all ordering information necessary to purchase
A53/A53M Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot- the needed material. In addition to the ordering guidelines in
Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless Specification A961/A961M, orders should include the follow-
ing information:
3.1.1 Additional requirements (see 8.1 and 11.1).
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01 on Steel,
Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
A01.22 on Steel Forgings and Wrought Fittings for Piping Applications and Bolting
3
Materials for Piping and Special Purpose Applications. Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), ASME
Current edition approved May 1, 2016. Published May 2016. Originally International Headquarters, Two Park Ave., New York, NY 10016-5990, http://
approved in 1974. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as A694/A694M – 14. www.asme.org.
4
DOI: 10.1520/A0694_A0694M-16. Available from Manufacturers Standardization Society of the Valve and Fittings
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Industry (MSS), 127 Park St., NE, Vienna, VA 22180-4602, http://www.mss-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM hq.com.
5
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Petroleum Institute (API), 1220 L. St., NW,
the ASTM website. Washington, DC 20005-4070, http://www.api.org.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

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 A694/A694M − 16
TABLE 1 Tensile Requirements 5.2.1 Material for forgings shall consist of ingots or blooms,
Grade Yield Strength (0.2 % Tensile Strength, Elongation in 2 billets, slabs, or bars of forged or rolled form and cut to the
Offset), min, ksi [MPa] min, ksi [MPa] in. or 50 mm, required length by a suitable process.
min %
5.2.2 The finished product shall be a forging as defined in
F42 42 [290] 60 [415] 20
F46 46 [315] 60 [415] 20 the Terminology section of Specification A788/A788M.
F48 48 [330] 62 [425] 20 5.2.3 Hot working shall be sufficient to develop a wrought
F50 50 [345] 64 [440] 20 structure throughout the part.
F52 52 [360] 66 [455] 20
F56 56 [385] 68 [470] 20 5.2.4 Flanges shall not be machined directly from plate nor
F60 60 [415] 75 [515] 20 from solid bar stock.
F65 65 [450] 77 [530] 20
F70 70 [485] 82 [565] 18 5.3 Heat Treatment:
5.3.1 All items shall be heat treated. Heat treatment of
carbon steel and high-strength low-alloy steel may consist of
normalizing, normalizing-and-tempering, or quenching-and-
4. General Requirements tempering. Heat treatment of alloy steel may consist of
normalizing and precipitation heat treatment or quenching and
4.1 Product furnished to this specification shall conform to precipitation heat treatment.
the requirements of Specification A961/A961M, including any 5.3.2 The tempering temperature shall be at least 1000 °F
supplementary requirements that are indicated in the purchase [540 °C]. The precipitation heat treatment of the alloy steel
order. Failure to comply with the general requirements of shall be in the range from 1000 to 1225 °F [540 to 665 °C].
Specification A961/A961M constitutes nonconformance with
this specification. In case of conflict between the requirements 6. Chemical Composition
of this specification and Specification A961/A961M, this 6.1 A chemical heat analysis in accordance with Specifica-
specification shall prevail. tion A961/A961M shall be made and conform to the require-
ments as to chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
5. Manufacture
6.2 High-strength low-alloy steels shall be of specified alloy
5.1 Melting Process: element composition, with the elements covered in 6.1 re-
5.1.1 The steel shall be made by any of the following stricted within the limits prescribed therein as may be neces-
processes: open hearth, electric furnace, or basic oxygen. The sary to ensure weldability and specified minimum tensile
steel shall be fully deoxidized. properties. When high-strength low-alloy steel is furnished,
5.1.2 The steel shall be carbon steel, high-strength low-alloy appropriate procedures are required for field welding.
steel, or alloy steel, as agreed upon between the manufacturer
and purchaser. Analysis of the steel used, including all alloying 6.3 Alloy steel shall conform to the requirements for Grade
elements listed in Table 2, shall be reported by the manufac- L 5 of Specification A707/A707M.
turer to the purchaser. The steel shall be suitable for field 7. Tensile Requirements
welding (as established by the purchaser) to other fittings,
valve materials and flanges, and to pipe manufactured under 7.1 The material shall conform to the requirements as to
the following ASTM specifications: Specification A53/A53M, tensile properties prescribed in Table 1, when tested in accor-
Specification A106/A106M, Specification A381, and API dance with the mechanical testing requirements of Specifica-
Standard 5L pipe, as well as to fittings manufactured under tion A961/A961M.
MSS SP-75. 7.2 The tension test specimen shall be obtained from a
5.2 Manufacturing Practice: production forging, or from an integral prolongation represen-
tative of the hub location of a flange, or the heaviest cross
section of a fitting, valve, or other part within the scope of this

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specification. Alternatively, the test specimen may be taken
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements from a separately forged test block which has been taken from
Composition, % the same heat of steel as the production forgings, and which has
Heat Analysis been reduced by forging in a manner similar to that for the
Carbon, max 0.30 forgings it represents.
Manganese, max 1.60
Phosphorus, max 0.025
7.2.1 The test specimen shall represent all forgings from the
Sulfur, max 0.025 same heat and heat treatment load whose maximum thick-
Silicon 0.15–0.35 nesses do not exceed the thickness of the test forging or blank
CopperA
NickelA
by more than 1⁄4 in. [6 mm].
ChromiumA 7.3 The axis of the tension test sample shall be located in the
MolybdenumA
VanadiumA test forging, or prolongation so as to represent mid-wall of the
Columbium (Niobium)A flange hub, or mid-wall of the thickest cross section of the
BoronA valve, fitting, or other part.
A
All elements listed in Table 2 shall be reported. Where no composition limit is
listed, values are to be reported but no limits apply except as covered in 6.3. 7.4 The axis of the tension test specimen shall be oriented
parallel to the direction of maximum forging work for fittings,

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 A694/A694M − 16
valves, and other parts, except for flanges when the specimen 11. Rejection and Rehearing
shall be oriented in the tangential direction. 11.1 The purchaser shall comply with the requirements of
7.5 One tension test shall be taken from each heat in each Specification A961/A961M.
heat treatment load, and shall be representative of the largest
flange hub, or valve or fitting wall thickness in the load. 12. Certification
7.6 When heat treatment is done either continuous or batch 12.1 See Specification A961/A961M.
type furnaces in which the working zones are controlled to 12.2 The test report shall include the following:
within 6 25 °F [6 14 °C] of the required heat treatment 12.2.1 Chemical analysis results, Section 6 (Table 2).
temperature, and when the furnace is equipped with function- 12.2.2 Tensile properties, Section 7 (Table 1), report the
ing recording pyrometers such that complete heat treatment yield strength and tensile strength, in ksi [MPa], elongation and
records are available, then one tension test from each heat shall reduction in area, in percent,
be required instead of from each heat in each heat treatment
12.2.3 Type heat treatment, 7.6,
load. However, this provision is limited to forgings with heat
12.2.4 Any supplementary testing required by the purchase
treated weights not exceeding 10 000 lb [4540 kg], and the test
order.
forging must accompany a production charge.
8. Surface Finish, Appearance, and Corrosion Protection 13. Product Marking
8.1 The forgings and fittings shall conform to the require- 13.1 In addition to marking requirements of Specification
ments of Specification A961/A961M. A961/A961M, the following additional marking requirements
shall apply:
9. Repair by Welding
13.1.1 Forgings repaired by welding shall be marked with
9.1 Repair by Welding of Injurious Defects—Repair of the letter “W” following the ASTM designation.
injurious defects shall be permitted at the discretion of the
13.2 Bar Coding—In addition to the requirements in 13.1
manufacturer in accordance with Specification A961/A961M.
and 13.1.1, bar coding is acceptable as a supplemental identi-
9.1.1 Deposited weld metal shall be capable of meeting all
fication method. The purchaser may specify in the order a
mechanical properties upon heat treatment.
specific bar coding system to be used. The bar coding system,
9.1.2 All forgings to be repaired by welding shall be repair
if applied at the discretion of the supplier, should be consistent
welded prior to heat treatment.
with one of the published industry standards for bar coding. If
10. Retests used on small parts, the bar code may be applied to the box or
10.1 If any of the results of the tension tests of any lot do not a substantially applied tag.
conform to the requirements specified, the manufacturer may
reheat treat such lots, but not more than twice, except with the 14. Keywords
approval of the purchaser, on the basis of satisfactory metal- 14.1 high strength low alloy steel; pipe fittings, steel; piping
lurgical evidence that the cause of failure is curable and the applications; pressure containing parts; steel flanges; steel
quality of the material is satisfactory. forgings, alloy; steel forgings, carbon; steel valves

SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

The following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the purchaser in the
inquiry, contract, and order:

S1. Special Flanges

S1.1 Flanges shall meet the requirements of MSS SP-44,
including the chemical requirements, carbon equivalency, and
impact testing limitations.

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 A694/A694M − 16
SUMMARY OF CHANGES

Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this specification since the last issue,
A694/A694M – 14, that may impact the use of this specification. (Approved May 1, 2016)

(1) Added new chemical requirements to Table 2, deleted some

inappropriate references, revised 5.1.2 and S1.

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