Component Resistance-Deflection Function

Component resistance-
deflection function
Unlike conventional design, components designed
for blast are allowed to undergo a controlled
amount of plastic deformation. The component
absorbs strain energy during elastic and plastic
response that must equal the energy imparted by the
blast load, or the component will fail. Typically, a
well-designed ductile component will absorb most
of the blast load energy with plastic strain energy,
but the maximum component deflection will only
be half, or less, of the deflection corresponding to
failure.
The strain energy absorbed by a component during
response to blast load can be measured as the area
under its resistance-deflection curve at any given
Figure 5. Resistance-deflection relationship for simply supported precast concrete
deflection where the strain energy increases with
panel. Note: 1 in. = 25.4 mm; 1 psi = 6.9kPa.
deflection. The resistance-deflection curve relates
the resisted load to the midspan deflection of the
steel and concrete without any strength reduction factor. It is intended
blast-loaded component. It can be derived with
to be a realistic estimate of the actual dynamic moment capacity at the
conventional static calculation methods, including
maximum moment regions of the component.
applicable DIF and SIF factors. The resisted load in
the resistance-deflection curve has the same spatial Yield line theory is used to determine the ultimate resistance for
distribution as the applied blast load, typically a indeterminate components. These components have multiple yield
uniformly distributed pressure load. In a ductile loads, where the reinforcing steel at different maximum moment
reinforced concrete component, the resisted load, regions yields as the resisted load increases, which causes multiple
or resistance, increases approximately linearly with slopes in the resistance-deflection curves as illustrated in Fig. 6. The
deflection until the reinforcing steel yields in the resistance-deflection relationship of an indeterminate component can
maximum moment regions, and then the resistance be simplified, as shown in Fig. 6, using an equivalent stiffness kE and
remains relatively constant with increasing deflec- yield deflection xE that cause the simplified resistance-deflection curve,
tion until failure. with one slope, to have the same strain energy as the actual resistance-
deflection curve out to the deflection where the component becomes
The slope in Fig. 5 shows the resistance-deflection
a mechanism xp. Procedures for determining the resistance-deflection
curve for precast concrete components with simple
relationships for blast-loaded components are described in detail in a
supports. The initial slope is an average elastic
number of references.1,2
flexural stiffness. Typically this is calculated for
reinforced concrete components using an average The resistance-deflection relationship in Fig. 5 is arbitrarily stopped at
of the gross moment of inertia and the fully cracked
moment of inertia. The stiffness goes to zero when
yielding occurs at the maximum moment region.
The resistance does not degrade after yielding in
Fig. 5, implying ductile response. It is assumed that
the stress in the reinforcing steel remains constant
at fdy after yielding, ignoring the small amount
of strain hardening that occurs so that the resist-
ing moment and resistance remain constant with
increasing midspan deflection out to a limit
deflection.
In Fig. 5, a uniform pressure of 2.3 psi (16 kPa)
is resisted by the component when the applied
moment at midspan equals the ultimate dynamic
moment capacity and therefore causes yielding.
Thus, the ultimate resistance of the panel, equal
to the ultimate load capacity, is 2.3 psi (16 kPa)
at a midspan deflection of 0.45 in. (11 mm). The
ultimate dynamic moment capacity is calculated
Figure 6. Resistance-deflection relationships for determinate and indeterminate
using applicable DIF and SIF factors for reinforcing boundary conditions.
PCI Journal November–December 2007 57

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Component resistance-

PCI Journal November–December 2007 57

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