Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 481 views

    Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer

    Uploaded by

    karthik
    Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection provides more sensitive protection of transformers than differential protection. REF protection uses four current transformers - three on the phases and one on the neutral. It sums the secondary currents, and will operate if there is an imbalance due to an internal earth fault. REF protection will not operate for external faults as the vector sum of currents will be zero. REF protection is needed because differential protection may not operate for low-level earth faults very close to the neutral point due to low fault currents, whereas REF protection has a lower setting of 5% making it more sensitive for these faults.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer

    Uploaded by

    karthik
    481 views2 pages
    Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection provides more sensitive protection of transformers than differential protection. REF protection uses four current transformers - three on the phases and one on the neutral. It sums the secondary currents, and will operate if there is an imbalance due to an internal earth fault. REF protection will not operate for external faults as the vector sum of currents will be zero. REF protection is needed because differential protection may not operate for low-level earth faults very close to the neutral point due to low fault currents, whereas REF protection has a lower setting of 5% making it more sensitive for these faults.

    Original Description:

    hdththth

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection provides more sensitive protection of transformers than differential protection. REF protection uses four current transformers - three on the phases and one on the neutral. It sums the secondary currents, and will operate if there is an imbalance due to an internal earth fault. REF protection will not operate for external faults as the vector sum of currents will be zero. REF protection is needed because differential protection may not operate for low-level earth faults very close to the neutral point due to low fault currents, whereas REF protection has a lower setting of 5% making it more sensitive for these faults.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    481 views2 pages

    Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer

    Uploaded by

    karthik
    Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection provides more sensitive protection of transformers than differential protection. REF protection uses four current transformers - three on the phases and one on the neutral. It sums the secondary currents, and will operate if there is an imbalance due to an internal earth fault. REF protection will not operate for external faults as the vector sum of currents will be zero. REF protection is needed because differential protection may not operate for low-level earth faults very close to the neutral point due to low fault currents, whereas REF protection has a lower setting of 5% making it more sensitive for these faults.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Restricted Earth Fault Protection of Transformer

    Restricted Earth Fault (REF) protection is basically a Differential Protection. The only
    difference in between the Differential Protection and REF Protection is that, latter
    protection is more sensitive as compared to the former protection scheme. In earlier
    posts we have already discussed Differential Protection of Transformer and various
    characteristics of Differential Protection. In this post we will focus on Restricted earth
    Fault protection.

    For the sake of understanding REF Protection, we take a Transformer of configuration


    DYn i.e. HV side of Transformer is Delta connected while the LV side is Start connected
    and neutral is grounded solidly.

    As shown in figure above, there are a total of four Current Transformers (CTs), three
    CTs connected in each phase i.e. R, Y and B and one CT connected in neutral. The
    secondary of these four CTs are connected in parallel. The parallel connected CT
    secondary are then connected to REF Relay Coil. Basically REF protection Relay
    element is an over current element.

    Under balanced condition i.e. under normal operation the sum of currents through the
    secondary of CTs will be zero and current in neutral CT will also be zero. But as soon
    as a fault takes place in the secondary winding of Transformer, the current in R, Y and
    B phase will no longer be balanced. Also under earth fault a current will flow through the

    Unrestricted
    neutral CT. Because of this unbalance, the summation of current will not be zero but it
    will have some finite value and hence the relay will pick up. It shall be noted that for a
    fault outside the Transformer i.e. for through fault Restricted Earth Fault Protection will
    not operate as in this case of through fault, the vector sum of currents in CT secondary
    will be zero. This is the reason; such kind of protection scheme is for restricted zone
    and hence called Restricted Earth Fault Protection.

    Now, it is normal to ask that Differential Protection is also a zone protection and it
    shall operate for any internal fault in Transformer, then why do we need extra
    Restricted Earth Fault Protection?

    This is really a very smart question. See, what happens is, the setting of differential
    protection is normally kept at 20%. So, differential relay shall pick if the differential
    current exceeds 0.2 A. Now let us consider a case where earth fault occurs just near the
    neutral point as shown in figure below.

    Since the location of fault is very near to the neutral point, the voltage driving the fault
    current will be very less and hence the reflection of such a low current in primary side of
    transformer will also will be low. Thus in such case, Transformer differential protection
    may not operate as its setting is quite high at 20%. Therefore for protection of
    Transformer from such a fault we need more sensitive protection scheme which is
    implemented by using Restricted Earth Fault Protection. The sensitivity of REF
    protection is superior as compared to Differential Protection. Normally the setting of
    REF protection is kept as low as 5%. Basically the sensitivity of REF protection
    increases as we are using CT in neutral of transformer and whenever an earth fault take
    place it is damn sure that current will complete its path through the neutral and hence
    increasing the sensitivity of REF protection.

    Unrestricted

    You might also like