Technological Institute of the Philippines

Equipment No. (Tag): PR-101

Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Data Sheet Preheater

Operating Data
Type TEMA AEL
Configuration Horizontal
Heat transfer area 7.416 m2
Performance of one unit
Tube-side Shell side
Fluid circulating Hot Fluid, Process Stream Cold Fluid, Cooling Water
Total fluid
kg 𝐤𝐠⁄
0.1826 ⁄s 0.4249 𝐬
circulating

Material of
Stainless Steel, type 304 Stainless Steel, type 304
construction
Type TEMA Type E Plain, seamless
W W
Fouling resistance 10,000 5,000
m2 ℃ m2 ℃
Temperature 180°C 103.5°C 79°C 160°C
Construction of one shell
Design Pressure 277.7 kPa
Design
141°C
Temperature
Tube
Outside Inside No. of
BWG Length Pitch Pitch type
diameter diameter tubes
2.4390 Triangula
16 19.1 mm 15.7 mm 23.8 mm 51
m r
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Shell
Inside Shell Shell cover Channel cover Tube sheet
diameter thickness thickness thickness thickness
387.4mm 5 mm 5 mm 5 mm 15 mm
Baffle
Type Per cent cut Spacing No. of baffles
Single segmental 25% 0.0969 m 8

THERMAL DESIGN

Heat Exchanged:
From Overall Energy Balance, the heat duty required is

Q = 58.53 kW

The process stream needs to transfer this much heat to the cooling water
stream in able to cool the process stream to its desired temperature

Mass Flow rate:

Hot Fluid: Steam
𝐤𝐠⁄
𝐦𝐭 = 0.1826 𝐬
Cold Fluid: Acrolein Mixture
𝐤𝐠⁄
𝐦𝐬 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐𝟒𝟗 𝐬
Temperature Data
Hot Fluid: Steam
T1 = 180 C
T2 = 103.5C
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Cold Fluid: Acrolein Mixture

t1 = 79C
t 2 = 160. 00 C

Calorific Temperature:
Hot fluid mean temperature:
T1 + T2 ( 180 + 103.50) C
T= =
2 2
𝐓 = 141.75 °𝐂

Cold fluid mean temperature:

t1 + t 2 79 + 160
t= =
2 2
𝐭 = 𝟏𝟏𝟗. 𝟓 °𝐂

Fluid Properties at Calorific Temperature:

Thermodynamic properties of hot and cold fluid at their respective mean
temperatures
Table 5.1. Fluid Properties (ASPEN V8.8)

Hot Fluid Cold Fluid

Density kg kg
2.06 1093.20
m3 m3
Viscosity kg kg
0.0000137 0.0003341
m∙s m∙s
Thermal Conductivity W W
0.0304 0.1300
m ∙ °C m ∙ °𝐂
Specific Heat Capacity kJ kJ
2.32 0.3639
kg ∙ °C kg ∙ °𝐂
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Assumptions
 25% cut segmental baffles
𝐷𝑠⁄
 Baffles spacing, 𝐵 = 4

Logarithmic-Mean Temperature Difference:

Using Eq. 11-5a (Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 8th Ed)
(T1 − t 2 ) − (T2 − t1 )
∆Tlm = T −t
ln (T1 −t2 )
2 1

( 180 − 160.00)C − (103.50 − 79)C

∆Tlm = ( 180 −160.00)C
ln (103.50−79)C

∆𝐓𝐥𝐦 = 𝟐𝟐. 𝟏𝟕𝐂

Dimensionless Temperature Ratio:

t1 − t 2 79 − 160
R= = = 1.058
T2 − T1 103.50 − 180
T2 − T1 103.50 − 180
S= = = 0.7574
t1 − T1 79 − 180
Correction Factor:

Using Figure 11.4b (Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 8th Ed)

By Graphical Inspection
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Figure 5.1. LMTD correction factors for heat exchangers. one shell passes-four
or more tube passes.
Ft = 0.80
True Temperature Difference:
Using Eq. 12.5 (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)
∆Tm = Ft ∆Tlm
∆Tm = 0.8000 ( 22.17 )
∆𝐓𝐦 = 17.736˚𝐂
Assumed Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient:
The approximate range of overall heat transfer coefficient depending on the hot
and cold fluid can be found out using Figure 12.1 and Table 12.1(Coulson’s
and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

𝐖
𝐔𝐨,𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐝 = 445
𝐦𝟐 °𝐂

Heat Transfer Area:

Using Eq. 11-4 (Perry's Chemical Engineering Handbook, 8th Ed)

Q
A=
U0,assumed ∆Tm
1000 W
( 58.53 kW) ( )
1 kW
A= W
(445 m2 °C
) ( 17.736 °C)
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𝐀 = 7.416 𝐦𝟐

Surface area of a single tube:

at = π𝑑𝑜t Lt = π( 0.0191 m)( 2.4390 m)
𝐚𝐭 = 0.1460 𝐦𝟐

Number of Tubes:
A 1 7.416 m2 1
nt = ( ) ( )=( ) ( ) = 50.795
at no. of shell passes 0.1460 𝐦𝟐 1
𝐧𝐭 ≈ 51
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Using TEMA Standard in Table 9 (Kern D. Q., Process Heat Transfer. 1965)

Figure 5.2 TEMA Standard

For a -4 Shell & Tube Heat exchanger, TEMA recommends having a total of
𝐍𝐭 ≅ 𝟖𝟔 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐬
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Shell inside diameter:

𝐈𝐃𝐬 = 𝟎. 𝟑𝟖𝟕𝟒 𝐦
Tube Bundle Diameter:
Using Eqn. 12.3b (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)
1
Nt n1
Dbundle =( )
K1

For bundle diameter parameters, the constants are in Table 12.4 (Coulson’s and
Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

For triangular pitch,

K1 = 0.1750
n1 = 2.2850
1
𝟓𝟏 2.2850
Dbundle = ( 0.0191 m) ( )
0.1750
𝐃𝐛𝐮𝐧𝐝𝐥𝐞 = 0.2289 𝐦

Number of Tubes in Center Row:

(Page 649, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
Db 0.2289 𝐦
Nr,c = = = 9.617
Pt 0.0238 𝑚
𝐍𝐫,𝐜 ≈ 𝟏𝟎 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐬

BAFFLES
Baffle spacing:
𝐼𝐷𝑠⁄ 0.3874
B= 4= 𝐦
𝟒
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𝐁 = 0.09685 𝐦

Baffle Length:
Considering 25% segmental baffle cut
L𝑏 = (1 − 0.25) × IDs = 0.75 × 0.3875 𝐦
L𝑏 = 0.2906 𝐦

Number of baffles:
(Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)
Lt
= nB + 1
LB
Lt
= no. of times the flow crosses the tube bundle
LB
Lt 2.4390 m
nB = −1 = −1
LB 0.2906 m
nB = 7.396 baffles
𝐧𝐁 ≈ 𝟖 𝐛𝐚𝐟𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐬
Check:
Total Baffle spacing = ( 0.09685 m)(8 baffles) = 0.7748 m
< 2.4390 m (Tube Length)
Therefore, baffle spacing is acceptable.

TUBE-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

For single phase and using heat transfer factor, jh :

hi di μ 0.14
= jh RePr 0.33 ( )
k μw
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The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow to be
represented on the same graph. (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical
Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

Tube cross-sectional area:

π π
At,c = (𝑑𝑖t )2 = ( 0.0157 m)2
4 4
𝐀 𝐭,𝐜 = 0.0001936 𝐦𝟐

Tube per pass:

Nt 60
nt,p = =
no. of tube passes 4
𝐧𝐭,𝐩 = 17 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐬 ≈ 𝟏𝟕

Total flow area per pass:

0.0001936 𝐦𝟐
At,total = nt,p At,c = 𝟏𝟕 𝐭𝐮𝐛𝐞𝐬 ( )
𝒕𝒖𝒃𝒆
𝐀 𝐭,𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝟐

Tube-side Volumetric Flowrate:

kg
mt 0.4249 s
qt = = kg
ρt 1,093.20 m3

𝐦𝟑
𝐪𝐭 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗
𝐬
Tube-side linear velocity:
m3
q t np (𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟖𝟗 𝐬 )
ut = =
𝐀 𝐭,𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟑𝟑 𝐦𝟐
𝐦
𝐮𝐭 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟖
𝐬
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Tube-side Reynolds number:

𝐦 kg
𝑑𝑖t ut ρt ( 0.0157 m) ( 𝟎. 𝟏𝟏𝟕𝟖 𝐬 ) ( 1,093.20 m3
)
Ret = = kg
μt 0.0003 m∙s

𝐑𝐞𝐭 = 𝟐𝟑, 𝟕𝟕𝟔. 𝟖𝟐

Tube-side Prandtl number:

1000 J kg
ct μt ( 2.4020 × kJ ) ( 0.0003 m∙s
)
Prt = = W
kt ( 0.1300 ) m∙C

𝐏𝐫 = 6.3006

Length to diameter ratio:

Lt 2.439 m
=
di,t 0.0157 m
𝐋𝐭
= 155.35
di,t

From the graph:

jh = 2.8 × 10−3

Figure 5 3. Tube-side heat transfer factor

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Viscosity Correction Factor:

hi (t w − t tube ) = Uo,assumed (Tshell − t tube )

Where:
t tube side = tube side mean temperature
Tshell side = shell side mean temperature
t w = estimated wall temperature

445
(t w − 119.50 )°C = × (141.75 − 119.50)°C
999.9807

t w = 129.40 °C

kg
Therefore, viscosity at mean wall temperature: μw = 0.0012 m∙s

μ 0.14
μcorr = ( )
μw
0.14
kg
0.000341 m∙s
μcorr = ( kg
) = 0.8385
0.0012 m∙s

Therefore, tube-side heat transfer coefficient for a single phase:

k μ 0.14
hi = jh RePr 0.33 ( )
di,t μw
0.1750 m 1
hi = ( 0.0028 )(23,776.82)( 6.3006 ) ⁄3 ( 0.8385)
0.0157 m
𝐖
𝐡𝐢 = 838.78 𝟐
𝐦 °𝐂
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SHELL-SIDE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

For single phase and single shell pass exchanger:

hs de 1 μ 0.14
= jh RePr ⁄3 ( )
k μw

The use of the jh factor enables data for laminar and turbulent flow to be
represented on the same graph. (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical
Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

Clearance between tubes:

C = Pt − do,t = 0.0238 m − 0.0191 m

𝐂 = 0.0047 𝐦

Cross flow area Cross flow area:

Using Eq. 12.21 (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

CIDs B ( 0.0047 𝐦)( 0.3874 m)( 0.09685 𝐦)

As = =
Pt 0.0238 m
𝐀 𝐬 = 0.00741 𝐦𝟐

Shell-side mass velocity:

kg
ms 0.1826 s
Gs = =
As 0.00741 𝐦𝟐
𝐤𝐠
𝐆𝐬 = 𝟐𝟒. 𝟔𝟒
𝐦𝟐 ∙ 𝐬
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Shell-side linear velocity:

𝐤𝐠
Gs 24.64 𝐦𝟐 ∙𝐬
us = =
ρs 0.0486 𝐤𝐠
𝐦𝟑
𝐦
𝐮𝐬 = 506.996
𝐬

Shell-side equivalent diameter:

Using Eq. 12.23 (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)
1.1 2
de = (Pt − 0.917do,t 2 )
do,t
1.1
de = ( ( 0.0238 m)2 − 0.917( 0.0191 m )2 )
0.0191 m
𝐝𝐞 = 0.01336 𝐦

Shell-side Reynolds number:

Using Eq. 12.24(Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol.
6, 4th Ed)
𝐤𝐠
Gs de (24.64 𝐦𝟐 ∙𝐬) (𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟔𝐦)
Re = = kg
= 𝟐𝟒, 𝟎𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟎
μ 0.0000137 m∙s

Shell-side Prandtl number:

kJ 1000 J kg
cp μ (1.9300 kgK × kJ ) ( 0.0000137 m∙s
)
Pr = = W
k (0.01956 ) m∙K

𝐏𝐫 = 1.356

From the figure below:

25 % baffle cut
jh = 0.100
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Figure 5.4. Shell-side heat transfer factor, segmental baffles

Viscosity correction factor:

hs (t w − t tube ) = Uo,assumed (Tshell − t tube )

380
(t w − 119.5 )°C = × (141.75 − 119.50)°C
2,818.98
𝐭 𝐰 = 122.50 °𝐂
Therefore, viscosity at mean wall temperature: μw = 0.0003
μ 0.14
μcorr =( )
μw
0.0000137 0.14
μcorr = ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒𝟗𝟏
0.0003
Therefore, shell-side heat transfer coefficient for single shell pass:
hs de 1 μ 0.14
= jh RePr ⁄3 ( )
k μw
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(0.01336) 1
hs = ( 0.100 )( 𝟐𝟒, 𝟎𝟐𝟖. 𝟓𝟎)(1.356 ) ⁄3 ( 0.6491 )
0.1750 m
𝐖
𝐡𝐬 = 2,503.03 𝟐
𝐦 𝐊

OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT

Estimate:
(Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

𝐖
tube wall material thermal conductivity, k w = 𝟏𝟔
𝐦℃
𝐖
outside dirt coefficient, hod = 𝟏𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝐦𝟐 ℃
𝐖
inside dirt coefficient, hid = 𝟓, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝟐
𝐦 ℃

Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient, 𝐔

Using Eq. 12.2 (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

d
1 1 1 do,t ln ( do,t) do,t 1 do,t 1
i,t
= + + +[ × ]+[ × ]
Uo ho hod 2k w di,t hid di,t hi

0.0191 m
1 1 1 ( 0.0191 m)ln ( )
0.0157 m
= W + W + W
Uo 2,503.03 10,000 2 (16 m ℃)
m2 ℃ m2 ℃

0.0191 m 1 0.0191 m 1
+[ × W ]+[ × W ]
0.0157 m 5,000 0.0157 m 838.78
m2 ℃ m2 ℃

𝐖
𝐔𝐨,𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜 = 434.04
𝐦𝟐 ℃
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PERCENT ERROR

𝐔𝐨,𝐜𝐚𝐥𝐜 − 𝐔𝐨,𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐝
%Error = 0% < ( × 100) < 30%
𝐔𝐨,𝐚𝐬𝐬𝐮𝐦𝐞𝐝
434.04 − 445
%𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 = | | × 100
445

%𝐄𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 = 2.463 %

Therefore, the assumed overall heat transfer coefficient is acceptable.

EFFECTIVENESS OF HEAT EXCHANGER

For one shell pass and two tube passes:

(Eq. 11.30a, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 7th Ed)

−1
1 + 𝑒𝑥𝑝[−(𝑁𝑇𝑈)(1 + 𝐶𝑟2 )0.5 ]
𝜀 = 2 {1 + 𝐶𝑟 + (1 + 𝐶𝑟2 )0.5 × }
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝[−(𝑁𝑇𝑈)(1 + 𝐶𝑟2 )0.5 ]

For process fluid:

kg kJ
Ch = mh Cph = ( 00.4249 ) ( 2.4020 )
s kg˚C

𝐤𝐖
𝐂𝐡 = 1.021 = 𝐂𝐦𝐢𝐧
˚𝐂
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For heat transfer cooling water:

kg kJ
Cc = mc Cpc = (0.1826 ) (1.9300 )
s kg˚C

𝐤𝐖
𝐂𝐜 = 0.3524 = 𝐂𝐦𝐚𝐱
˚𝐂

Capacity ratio:
(Eq. 11.24, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 7th Ed)
Cmin
Capacity Ratio, Cr =
Cmax
𝐤𝐖
1.021 ˚C
Cr = 𝐤𝐖
0.3524 ˚C

𝐂𝐫 = 2.897

Inside depth of the head:

(Page 17. “Process Design of Heat Exchanger”. NPTEL – Chemical

Engineering – Chemical Engineering Design II)
0.5
IDs IDs
di = R c − [(R c − ) (R c + ) + 2R k ]
2 2

Where:
R c = IDs = 387.4492 mm
R k = 0.06R c = 20.1982 mm
387.4492 387.4492
di = 387.4492 − [( 387.4492 − ) (387.4492 + )+
2 2
0.5
2( 23.247)]

𝐝𝐢 = 51.8391 𝐦𝐦
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Effective exchanger length:

(Page 17. “Process Design of Heat Exchanger”. NPTEL – Chemical
Engineering – Chemical Engineering Design II)

1m
Leff = Lt + 2di = 2.4390 m + 2 ( 45.0314 𝐦m )
1000 mm
𝐋𝐞𝐟𝐟 = 2.5291 m

Area effective:
Ae = πdo,t Leff Nt = π( 0.0191 m)( 2.5291 m )( 51 )
𝐀 𝐞 = 10.348 𝐦𝟐

Calculating for NTU:

(Eq. 11.24, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. 7th Ed)
Uo,calc Ae
NTU =
Cmin
𝐖
( 434.84 ) ( 10.348 𝐦𝟐 )
𝐦𝟐 ℃
NTU = 𝐤𝐖 1000 W
( 1.021 × )
˚C kW

𝐍𝐓𝐔 = 4.407
By Graphical Inspection

Figure 5. Heat Transfer Effectiveness (Geankoplis)

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From the graph:

𝛆 = 𝟖𝟎%
Effectiveness:

𝜀 = 2 {1 + 2.8960(1 + 2.89602 )0.5

−1
1 + 𝑒𝑥𝑝[−(4.4007)(1 + 2.89602 )0.5 ]
× }
1 − 𝑒𝑥𝑝[−(4.4007)(1 + 2.89602 )0.5 ]
𝜺 = 𝟐𝟖. 𝟕𝟔 %

MECHANICAL DESIGN
Table 5.3. Mechanical Properties

Shell Tube
Material of construction Stainless Steel, type Stainless Steel, type
304 304
Allowable stress (Design 103.5 MPa*
stress)
* Data were obtained from Table 13.2 (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical
Engineering Design Vol. 6, 4th Ed)

Design pressure:
Take as 10 percent above operating pressure
(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,
4th Ed)
P ′ = 1.1 x 252.4962 kPa
P ′ = 0.277MPa
Design temperature:
Take as 10 percent above operating temperature
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(Page 810, Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design Vol. 6,

4th Ed)

T ′ = 1.1 x 376.50K (103.5 ℃)

T ′ = 414.15K ( 141.05 ℃)

SHELL DESIGN

Shell thickness:
For a cylindrical shell, the minimum thickness required to resist internal pressure
can be determined from the equation below based on the maximum allowable
stress and corrected for welded joint efficiency:
Using Eq 13.39a (Coulson’s and Richardson’s Chemical Engineering Design
Vol. 6, 4th Ed)
P ′ IDs
e=
2Jf − P ′
Where:
f = design stress
e = minimum thickness required
J = joint factor, range from 0.7 − 1.0

Calculating for shell thickness:

(0.277MPa )( 387.44 mm)
e=
2(0.7)(103.5 MPa) − ( 0.277 MPa)
𝐞 = 0.7420 𝐦𝐦

Add corrosion allowance taken as 2.0 mm:

e = 0.7420mm + 2.0 mm = 2.7420mm = 3 mm
𝐞 ≅ 𝟓 𝐦𝐦
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This value is in accordance to IS: 4503 corresponding to the shell diameter.

Shell outside diameter:

ODs = IDs + e
ODs = 387.40 mm + 𝟓 𝐦𝐦
𝐎𝐃𝐬 = 392.4 𝐦𝐦

COVER AND CHANNEL DESIGN

For the shell head design, a torispherical head is selected. According to IS: 4503,
the minimum thickness of the shell cover should be at least equal to the thickness
of the shell.

Shell cover thickness:

The required thickness of a torispherical head can be determined from the
equation below.
P ′ R c Cs
esc =
2fJ + P ′ (Cs − 0.2)
Where:
Cs = stress concentration factor
R c = crown radius
For torispherical head, stress concentration factor is given by:

1 Rc
Cs = (3 + √ )
4 Rk

Where:
R k = knuckle radius
R c = IDs = 336.6362 mm
R k = 0.06R c = 20.1982 mm
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For formed domed heads (no joints in the head), joint factor J = 1.0

Calculating for stress concentration factor:

1 387.40
Cs = (3 + √ )
4 23.247

𝐂𝐬 = 𝟏. 𝟕𝟕𝟏
Calculating for shell cover thickness:
( 0.277MPa)(387.40 mm)(1.771)
esc =
2(103.5 MPa)(1) + ( 0.277 MPa)(1.771 − 0.2)
𝐞𝐬𝐜 = 0.9186 𝐦𝐦
Add corrosion allowance taken as 2 mm:
esc = 0.3829 mm + 2.0 mm = 2. 7981 mm
𝐞𝐬𝐜 ≅ 𝟐. 𝟖𝐦𝐦
Use same thickness as for wall in accordance to TEMA standard.

Channel cover thickness:

The channel cover material is the same as the shell material. The outside diameter
of the channel shall be the same as that of the shell.
The effective channel cover thickness can be determined from the equation
below.
d √C1 P ′
t cc =
10 f
Where:
t = thickness of the channel cover [mm]
d = diameter of the cover [mm] usually same as the outside shell diameter
C1 = factor equal to 0.3 for ring type gasket
kgf
P ′ = design pressure [ ]
cm2
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kgf
f = design stress [ ]
mm2

Calculating for channel cover thickness:

392.4 mm √0.3 ( 2.8322 )
t cc =
10 10.5541
𝐭 𝐜𝐜 = 2.427 𝐦𝐦
Add corrosion allowance taken as 2.0 mm:
t cc = 3.427 + 2.00 mm
𝐭 𝐜𝐜 = 4.4276 𝐦𝐦 = 𝟓𝐦𝐦 (𝐓𝐄𝐌𝐀𝐀 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝)

Tube sheet thickness:

The tube sheet thickness is calculated based on the bending and considering the
design pressure only. The material is the same as the shell material.
The minimum tube sheet thickness to resist bending can be determined from the
equation below.

FGp P
t ts = √
3 kf

For the stationary tube sheet in floating type:

F=1
Gp = IDs
Mean ligament efficiency:
0.907
k= 1− 2
P
(ODt )
t

0.907
k=1−
0.0238 2
( 0.0191 )

k = 0.4159
 Technological Institute of the Philippines

Calculating for tube sheet thickness:

(1)( 387.44 mm) ( 0.2777 MPa)

t ts = √
3 ( 0.4159 )(103.5 MPa)

𝐭 𝐭𝐬 = 10.33 𝐦𝐦
15 mm is the standard TTS for tubes with ¾ in OD.

NOZZLE DESIGN

Use same nozzle material as for shell. The nozzle thickness is calculated from
the stress formula used in the calculation of shell thickness.

For the nozzle inside diameter:

Dn = 2 in

Nozzle thickness:
P ′ Dn
tn =
2Jf − P ′
25.4 mm
( 0.2777 MPa) (2 in × )
1
tn =
2(0.7)(103.5 MPa) − (. 2777 MPa)
t n = 0.1488 mm

Add corrosion allowance taken as 3.0 mm:

t n = 0.1488 mm + 3.00mm = 3. 1488 mm
𝐭 𝐧 ≅ 𝟑. 𝟐 𝐦𝐦

The pressure at the entry point of both shell-side and tube-side fluids is the
same. Therefore, the same nozzle specification can be used for both.