DMR Theoretical Range

14 September 2012
Introduction to DMR and

the DMR Association
Bill Fillman
Vice President and Principal Consultant
www.taitradio.com Tait Communications
Learning Objectives:
1. Know what DMR and ETSI stand for.
2. Understand who the DMR Association is and what

they do.
3. Clarify the differences between DMR Tiers I, II and III.
4. Learn some of the features and business benefits of

DMR.
2
DMR and ETSI
3
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) is a
digital radio standard specified for
professional mobile radio (PMR)
users developed by the European
Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI), and first ratified in
2005.
4
DMR Association
5
DMR Association background
• 2005 – DMR-MOU Association (Memorandum of Understanding)
• 2009 - MOU members set up the DMR Association
• Membership is divided into categories:

• Category 1 – Equipment Manufacturers (24)*
• Category 2 – Application Developers, System Integrators,
Peripheral Equipment Manufacturers, Test Houses (9)*
• Category 3 – Users, Regulators and Operators (8)*
• Partners – Others (2)*
*As of 28Aug12
6
DMR Association Activities
• Creating an interoperability testing and certification program
• Working with regulators to develop a favorable environment for DMR

networks to flourish
• Increasing awareness about the DMR standard through education,

promotion and discussion
7
DMR Association website
www.dmrassociation.org
8
DMR Interoperability
9
DMR IOP process
Source www.dmrassociation.org
10
Interoperability testing
• IOP testing has been defined for:

• Standard Tier 2 voice functionality
• Additional Tier 2 voice functionality
• IOP testing for Tier 3 is underway

• 20 June 2012 – The Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) Association
announces the first successful completion of DMR Tier III
interoperability testing.
11
DMR Standard
12
DMR Standard documentation
TS 102 361‐1: the DMR air interface protocol
TS 102 361‐2: the DMR voice and generic services and facilities
TS 102 361‐3: the DMR data protocol
TS 102 361‐4: the DMR Trunking protocol
TR 102 398: DMR General System Design
13
What is the DMR standard
• Open standard
• Targets migration to digital of existing conventional and analog trunked

systems
• Achieves more efficient use of spectrum
• 3 Tiers of products specified

• Tier I – Unlicensed, low power, low cost
• Tier II – DMR Licensed Conventional
• Tier III – DMR Licensed Trunked
14
Tier I Definition
• License free operation in 446.100-446.200 MHz

TX power of 500mW, Integral antenna
• TDMA two slot (DMR) in 12.5Khz
• or FDMA (dPMR) in 6.25Khz
• State of the art Forward Error Correction
15
Tier II Definition
• Digital conventional operation

• Systems, mobiles and hand portables
• Licensed 66MHz - 960MHz
• Advanced Voice features
• Integrated IP data services
• TDMA two slot in 12.5kHz
• 4FSK modulation
16
Tier II Call Features
• Group call
• Individual call
• All call
• Broadcast call
• Radio stun and revive
• Remote monitor
• Radio check
• Call alert
• PTT ID
• Emergency call options
17
Tier III Definition
• Digital trunked operation

• Systems, mobiles and hand portables
• Licensed frequency bands 66MHz - 960MHz
• 4FSK modulation
• Enhanced Voice
• 128 character status messaging
• 288 bits data short messaging in a variety of formats
• Packet data services, including IPv4 and IPv6
18
DMR Tier III Services (1 of 3)
• Call features
• Broadcast call
• Priority call
• Emergency call
• Status call
• Divert own call
• Gateway calls
• Telephone call
• PABX call
• IP call
19
• Other gateways (Trunking)
• Registration
• Authentication
• Trunking Services
• MS stun
• MS revive
• MS kill
• Poll MS
• MS check
• Defined structure for location information transport
• Mass registration
• Sleep mode for Control Channel operation (more…)
20
• IP data
• Short data messages
• Confirmed and unconfirmed data
• Raw air interface data rate 9600 kbps
• Useable rate two slots 6533 kbps no FEC, headers
• What does this mean for the users

• AVL
• Text dispatch
• Workforce management
• Email
21
DMR Standards – what’s not defined
• The choice of vocoder

• DMR MOU has agreed to use the DVSI AMBE2+ vocoder
• Non application interface (AI) connections from repeater

• PSTN, PABX, Repeater to repeater,
• Encryption
22
DMR Standard - Summary of Tiers
• Tier I
• License free operation in 446.100-446.200 MHz
TX power of 500mW, Integral antenna
• TDMA two slot (DMR) in 12.5Khz or FDMA (dPMR) in 6.25Khz
• Tier II
• Digital conventional operation
• Licensed higher TX power
• 4FSK Modulation
• Tier III
• Digital Trunked operation
• Licensed higher TX power
• 4FSK Modulation
23
Digital Standards Market Positioning
Public Safety & Defence
Police, Fire, Wildland Fire,
Government/Federal, Defence, Customs,
Border Patrol, Pub Safety System Integrators TIA P25
Conventional and
ETSI TETRA
Trunk
Trunk
Utilities, Transport & PAMR

Bus, Taxi, Airports, Rail, Freight, Electric ETSI DMR Tier 3:
Utilities, Oil & Gas, Utility & Transport
Integrators, PAMR operators Trunk
Business & Industry

Councils/Local Government, Private Security, ETSI DMR
Mining, Construction, Manufacturing, Retail,
Sports & Tourism, Schools, B & I Tier 2: Conventional
Dealers/Integrators
Non Licenced
Family, Sport, Fun
ETSI DPMR ETSI DMR
Unlicensed Tier 1: unlicensed
24
DMR Features and Benefits
25
Coverage – DMR Theoretical Coverage
• A 1mS Guard Slot exists between neighboring TDMA slots
• If DSP Clock has accuracy of +/-2ppm, this accounts for 0.5mS
• Remaining 0.5mS available to account for propagation delays
• In 0.5mS, the signal from Tx A travels: 3 x 108 m/s x 0.5mS = 150km
• In practice, this number is halved to account for Uplink and Downlink
• So, the theoretical range limit of the DMR TDMA system is 75km.
26
Coverage – Same as Analogue FM
27
Predictable doubling of capacity in your
existing 12.5 kHz licensed channels
28
Choice of Operation
Time Time
Slot 2
Power
Power
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 1
12.5kHz 6.25kHz Frequency

6.25kHz
Frequency
29
Backwards spectrum compatibility with
legacy analogue systems
30
Efficient use of infrastructure equipment
31
Improved audio quality to the edge of
coverage
32
Other Benefits of DMR
• Longer battery life

• Ease of use and creation of data applications
• Advanced Control features
• Voice and Data in parallel Time
Slot 2
Power
Slot 1
Slot 2
Slot 1
12.5kHz
Frequency
33
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14 September 2012

Introduction to DMR and

1. Know what DMR and ETSI stand for.

2. Understand who the DMR Association is and what

3. Clarify the differences between DMR Tiers I, II and III.

4. Learn some of the features and business benefits of

• Membership is divided into categories:

• Creating an interoperability testing and certification program

• Working with regulators to develop a favorable environment for DMR

• Increasing awareness about the DMR standard through education,

• IOP testing has been defined for:

• IOP testing for Tier 3 is underway

• Targets migration to digital of existing conventional and analog trunked

• Achieves more efficient use of spectrum

• 3 Tiers of products specified

• License free operation in 446.100-446.200 MHz

• Digital conventional operation

• Digital trunked operation

• What does this mean for the users

• The choice of vocoder

• Non application interface (AI) connections from repeater

Utilities, Transport & PAMR

Business & Industry

• A 1mS Guard Slot exists between neighboring TDMA slots

• If DSP Clock has accuracy of +/-2ppm, this accounts for 0.5mS

• Remaining 0.5mS available to account for propagation delays

• In 0.5mS, the signal from Tx A travels: 3 x 108 m/s x 0.5mS = 150km

• In practice, this number is halved to account for Uplink and Downlink

12.5kHz 6.25kHz Frequency

• Longer battery life

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