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    Lec 6

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    Abderrahim HAMDAOUI
    This document discusses methods for converting between distillation curves, including the API and Daubert methods. It also covers thermal properties of petroleum like specific heat and heat of combustion. Specific heat depends on temperature and density, and can be estimated using provided equations and figures. Heat of combustion increases with temperature, API, and hydrogen content, and decreases with sulfur, ash, and water content, with example equations and figures provided. An example calculation is given for determining the heat required to heat 100 barrels of crude oil from 100 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Lec 6

    Uploaded by

    Abderrahim HAMDAOUI
    97 views5 pages
    This document discusses methods for converting between distillation curves, including the API and Daubert methods. It also covers thermal properties of petroleum like specific heat and heat of combustion. Specific heat depends on temperature and density, and can be estimated using provided equations and figures. Heat of combustion increases with temperature, API, and hydrogen content, and decreases with sulfur, ash, and water content, with example equations and figures provided. An example calculation is given for determining the heat required to heat 100 barrels of crude oil from 100 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

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    This document discusses methods for converting between distillation curves, including the API and Daubert methods. It also covers thermal properties of petroleum like specific heat and heat of combustion. Specific heat depends on temperature and density, and can be estimated using provided equations and figures. Heat of combustion increases with temperature, API, and hydrogen content, and decreases with sulfur, ash, and water content, with example equations and figures provided. An example calculation is given for determining the heat required to heat 100 barrels of crude oil from 100 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    97 views5 pages

    Lec 6

    Uploaded by

    Abderrahim HAMDAOUI
    This document discusses methods for converting between distillation curves, including the API and Daubert methods. It also covers thermal properties of petroleum like specific heat and heat of combustion. Specific heat depends on temperature and density, and can be estimated using provided equations and figures. Heat of combustion increases with temperature, API, and hydrogen content, and decreases with sulfur, ash, and water content, with example equations and figures provided. An example calculation is given for determining the heat required to heat 100 barrels of crude oil from 100 to 200 degrees Fahrenheit.

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    Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T.

    Jarullah

    Conversion between Distillation Curves


    A) API Method
    1- TBP vs ASTM

    TBP  a ( ASTM )b

    (T should be in R for ASTM or TBP)

    2- ASTM vs EFV

    EFV  a (ASTM)b ( sp.gr ) c

    (T should be in R for ASTM or TBP)

    B) Daubert Method.
    More recently, Daubert (1994) published a new method for distillation curves interconversion
    using the following equations:
    Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

    The symbols stands for ASTM D86 and TBP temperatures, respectively, both in
    F. The subscripts 0 and f stand for the initial and final temperatures, respectively. Ai and Bi
    are constants given in Table below.

    Thermal Properties

    1) Specific Heat (cp): The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required to raise
    the temperature by one degree Celsius. It depends on the temp., where it increases with
    increasing in temp. and decreasing in density. The following eq. can be used to estimate cp

     0.415 
    c Lp  4.1868   0.0009 T  288.15
      15.6 
     L 
    Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

    cp in J/g.K , T in K, and  15
    L
    .6
    is the density of oil at 15.6 0C, g/cm3.

    Also Fig. 13 is used to find cp. For hydrocarbons gasses, Fig.14 is used for this purpose.

    Fig. 13. Specific heat of Mid liquids oils with a correction factor for other bases of oils

    Ex: How much heat is required to heat 100 bbl of crude oil (API = 40) from 100 to 200 F.

    Sol: Note: Appendix A is used to convert vol. to weight of Oil materials.


    From Appendix A, at API 40, lb/bbl = 288.54
    From Fig. 13, cp at 100F = 0.465 Btu/lb.F and at 200F = 0.54 Btu/lb.F
    Average cp = (0.465+0.54)/2 = 0.52 Btu/lb.F
    m = 288.54 lb/bbl * 100 bbl = 28200.54 lb
    Q = 0.52 * 28200.54 * (200 – 100) = 1466428.08 Btu
    Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

    Fig. 14. Specific heat of Mid oil vapors with a correction factor for other bases of oils

    2) Heat of Combustion: The amount of heat released per unit mass or unit volume of a
    substance when the substance is completely burned under standard conditions.
    For crude oil or oil fractions, the heat of combustion increases with increasing in temp., API
    and hydrogen content, and decreases with increasing in sulfur, ash and water content.

    Heat of combustion  43434  93.2(API - 10), kJ/kg


    Petroleum Refining Fourth Year Dr.Aysar T. Jarullah

    Figure 15. Gross heats of combustion of liquids petroleum hydrocarbons

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