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    Apfel (Apple) Ende (End)

    Uploaded by

    tim huber
    The document provides rules of thumb for determining long and short vowel sounds in German. Vowels are long if followed by one consonant, "h", or if doubled. They are short if followed by two consonants or if the word is one-syllable ending in a consonant. It also discusses diphthongs and special consonant combinations, explaining how to pronounce them.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Apfel (Apple) Ende (End)

    Uploaded by

    tim huber
    25 views3 pages
    The document provides rules of thumb for determining long and short vowel sounds in German. Vowels are long if followed by one consonant, "h", or if doubled. They are short if followed by two consonants or if the word is one-syllable ending in a consonant. It also discusses diphthongs and special consonant combinations, explaining how to pronounce them.

    Original Description:

    german phonetics

    Original Title

    Sounds

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    The document provides rules of thumb for determining long and short vowel sounds in German. Vowels are long if followed by one consonant, "h", or if doubled. They are short if followed by two consonants or if the word is one-syllable ending in a consonant. It also discusses diphthongs and special consonant combinations, explaining how to pronounce them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    25 views3 pages

    Apfel (Apple) Ende (End)

    Uploaded by

    tim huber
    The document provides rules of thumb for determining long and short vowel sounds in German. Vowels are long if followed by one consonant, "h", or if doubled. They are short if followed by two consonants or if the word is one-syllable ending in a consonant. It also discusses diphthongs and special consonant combinations, explaining how to pronounce them.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    SOUNDS

    Long vowels (rules of thumb)

    Vowel is long

     if followed by 1 consonant
     if followed by “h”; remember the “h” after a vowel is silent and makes the vowel
    long
     if doubled

    long a aah Haar (hair)

    long e ay gehen (go)

    long i eee Berlin (Berlin)

    long o oh Rose (rose)

    long u uu Bruder (brother)

    long ä ay Bär (bear)

    long ö mouth says “ay” schön (pretty; nice)


    while lips form “oh”

    long ü mouth says “eee” Brüder (brothers)


    long y while lips form “ooo” as in “food” Lyrik (poetry)

    Short vowels (rules of thumb)

    Vowel is short

     if followed by 2 consonants
     if word belongs to group of 1-syll. words ending in consonant

    short a a Apfel (apple)

    short e eh Ende (end)

    short i i mit (with)

    short o o kommen (come)


    short u “put” und (and)

    short ä eh Bäckerei (bakery)

    short ö mouth says “eh” zwölf (12)


    while lips form “oh”

    short ü mouth says “i” as in “fit” fünf (5)


    short y while lips form “ooo” as in “food” Idylle (idyll)

    Diphthongs

    ei “eye” Wein (wine)


    ey Meyer (a last name)
    ai Mai (month of May)
    ay Mayer (a last name)

    ie eee Bier (beer)

    eu oy neu (new)
    äu träumen (to dream)

    au ow braun (brown)

    Consonants, consonant combinations …

    b @ end p ob (whether)

    d @ end t Abend (evening)

    g @ end k Tag (day)

    j y ja (yes)

    ch “huge” Buch (book)

    chs x sechs (6)

    sch sh Schuh (shoe)

    tsch ch Deutsch (German)


    s before vowel z sauer (sour)

    s als (than; as; when)


    ss s Kuss (kiss)
    ß Straße (street)

    sp @ beginning shp Sport (sports)


    st @ beginning sht stehen (stand)

    v f vier (four)
    v Video (video)

    w v wie (how)

    z zehn (10)
    c before e ts (“pizza”) Celsius (Celsius)
    -tion Nation (nation)

    pf pf Pfeffer (pepper)

    qu kv Quatsch (nonsense)

    ig - (like German “ich”)


    Honig (honey)
    zwanzig (20)

    r like the French “r” rot (red)


    in the back of the throat

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