Arabic Conjugation
Arabic Conjugation
Arabic Conjugation
Basic
Arabic
http://www.al-hakkak.fr
by practice
العربـيـة
بالتطبيق
أسس
Arabic Verbs
Made Easy with Effort
Version 1.3
Tables, exercises, corrections and index
Textbook with online recordings
Ghalib Al-Hakkak
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© Ghalib Al-Hakkak, August 2016
ISBN-13: 978-1536813913 / ISBN-10: 1536813915
Website : www.al-hakkak.fr
Email : ghalib@al-hakkak.fr
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Introduction
It is important for an English speaker to choose the most suitable way to learn Arabic verbs. If the goal
is to learn useful verbs and the way that Arabs use them, then this book is the right choice. You may ask
is it worth it to spend time learning Arabic verbs with such a book? Yes. Arabic literature spans more than
fourteen centuries and reflects the change of time. The verbs are amongst parts of the language that have
remained almost the same. Arabs still use the same verbs to express themselves for vital actions as they
did in 600: to go, to come, to eat, to drink, to speak, to live, to die, etc. Verbs can thus be an entry point
to explore the language of the past.
First of all, one should note that Arabic conjugation is quite simple. With only two tenses, all verbs have
the same prefixes and suffixes. However, what may pose some difficulty is the presence of a «weak»
letter ( ي/ ا/ )و. That’s why one should start with «strong verbs» and move progressively to the more
particular cases.
1. Start with some strong triliteral verbs : to write, to understand, to open, to sit down
2. Move on to derivated or «increased» forms ( )الفعل المزيدof strong verbs in this order: forms II and V
(pages 53 and 71), then III and VI (pages 57 and 75), then VII and VIII (pages 79 and 87), then X (page
97).
3. Move on to form IV (page 61). Study it carefully.
4. Study the weak verbs of form I and concentrate on what seems useful to you (pages 23 to 49).
5. Finally, study in detail other weak verbs. If you don't manage to fully grasp the other weak verbs,
you can move on and return later.
At every stage, try to do all the exercises and review your mistakes.
You may notice that the recordings give you two ways to pronounce every verb. In elementary school
students are used to learning the academic way, whereas in common speech the final vowel disappears
in the present tense. So in each recording you will find two readings, one “academic” and one “common”.
In fact, the so called “common” way to pronounce verbs is a midway between the academic and the
dialects practiced in Arab countries, and may help to understand how the language varies from one
region to the next.
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A common system
With only two tenses (past and present), the whole conjugation can be presented in one page. That
would be to visualize the system in its entirety. But in order to learn it properly, one should focus on the
details. Let’s start with this table. The line represents the radical of the verb. It remains the same for all
persons. Once you have memorized it, you can conjugate.
It is very important to avoid writing the short vowels. If you have understood the system, it is sufficient
to write the verbs as Arabs do, without the short vowels.
On every page, for a new group of verbs, you will find an example with a common verb, given in the
singular (in the center of the page), dual and plural (on the left). As well as some words sharing the same
root, like the imperative, the participle and the verbal noun. Then you will find a list of some very common
verbs which follow the same pattern. So you can already practice trying to conjugate new verbs using the
table on the page. Sometimes, you have quotations at the bottom of the page. It is up to you to look for
the meaning. It can be a great conversation starter to ask an Arabophone you know.
The following videos, although in French, may help you learn to write:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=77N_bKeyvpg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mvlc60O-kk0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5z9CDWoqGU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmHIC0wf24U
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qlGd072GFks
The present tense, should be studied well. Eventually you will see that in some situations, the end
of the verb is slightly modified. For example, the letter نmay disappear from the suffix, or the final short
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vowel may disappear or change. As Arabs do not pronounce the final short vowel, it may be ignored for
the time being. In-depth study of the modes, Marfuc (Indicative )الـمرفوع, Mansub (Subjunctive )المنصوب, and
Majzum (Jussive )المجزوم, which cause these changes, can be reserved for later.
Pay attention to the table and you will understand the system.
It is not necessary to draw a table for every verb, every tense, every mode. It is better to memorize
the system as it is shown above. The conjugation varies slightly from one mode to the next. For example,
consider the box of the second person feminine. You will see that the verb loses its final ن. Some weak
verbs vary further, with changes in mode. Look carefully at each case and do the exercises. If it doesn’t
work, start again.
Singular Singular
Present tense
(imperfect)
الـمفرد Present tense
(Imperfect)
الـمفرد
الـمضارع الـمضارع
أتعلم
1st Pers.
الـمتكلم أقول 1st Pers.
الـمتكلم
لـم أقل
Masculine
تـتـعلم Masculine تقول
الـمذكر الـمذكر
لـم تقل
2nd Pers. 2nd Pers.
Feminine تـتـعلميـن الـمخاطب Feminine تقوليـن الـمخاطب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
لـم تتعلمي/ لن لـم تقويل/ لن
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How to recognize the group of a verb ?
If a weak letter ( ي/ ا/ )وappears in the radical of the verb, see pp. 23 à 43.
Of course, it is not always so easy. But the best way to progress and start learning is to look for what
is easy and clear. Then things will take place in the right way. The consultation of a teacher would be
wonderful to review your writing, the completed exercises, and some details that remain unclear.
Good Luck!
6
Arabic Verbs
Made Easy with Effort
Triliteral Verb
Form I
الفعل الـمجرد
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© Ghalib Al-Hakkak - August 2016
Plural الجمع
Singular
Triliteral Verb
الـمفرد
Present Tense
(Imperfect)
Past Tense
(Perfect)
الـمضارع الـامضـي
1st Pers. 1st Pers.
الـمتكلم الـمتكلم
7. Weak Verbs :
Past Particple اسم الـمفعول
- Assimilated Verbs : TO ARRIVE (يصل َ , p. 23, TO FALL ()و َقع ي َقع, p. 25, TO INHERIT
ِ )وصل
Verbal Noun الـمصدر
- Defective Verbs : TO INVITE ()دعا يدعو, p. 37, TO STAY ()بقي يبقى, p. 39, TO TELL (حىك
Imperative فعل األمر
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© Ghalib Al-Hakkak - August 2016
Triliteral Strong Verb (form I) - au الفعل الثاليث املجرد السامل
Plural الجمع TO WRITE
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau-p.mp3 Masculine
الـمذكر
تكتب Masculine
الـمذكر
كتبت
Dual الـمثنى
2nd Pers. 2nd Pers.
نكتب كتبنا Feminine تكتبيـن الـمخاطب Feminine كتبت الـمخاطب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
تكتبان كتبتـام لـم تكتبـي/ لن
تكتبان كتبتا
Feminine
الـمؤنث
تكتب الـغائب Feminine
الـمؤنث
كتبت الـغائب
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau-d.mp3
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau-s.mp3
To grow (veg.) نبت To fire, to dismissطرد To keep silent سكت To study درس To scatter seeds بذر
Past Particple اسم الـمفعول
To scatter نثـر To jump طفر To live (somewhere) سكن To mention ذكر To appear برز
َم ْكتوب To support نرص To demand طلب To spoil سلب To create خلق To let ترك
To speak نطق To venerate عبد To feel شعر To strangle خنق Trouer ثقب
Verbal Noun الـمصدر To look نظر To cross عبـر To thank شكر To refuse رفض To happen حدث
ال ِكتابة To blow نفخ To impose فرض To be patient صبـر To dance رقص To protect حرس
To diminish نقص To kill قتل To paint (building) صبغ To draw رسم To harvest حصد
Passive Voice الـمبني للـمجهول To reject نقض To go to, to mean قصد To be published صدر To run ركض To happen حصل
ُك ِت َب ُي ْكتَب To transfer نقل To sit down قعد To tell the truth صدق To eat أكل To govern حكم
To keep sth secret كتم To shout رصخ To steal رسق To cook bread خبز
Imperative فعل األمر To sweap كنس To resist صمد To fall سقط To stock خزن
ُا ْكت ُْب اكتبي اكتبوا To touch لـمس To cook طبخ To pour سكب خطب
To address (a speech)
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau.mp3
Notes, expressions, quotations... Search for meanings on your own !
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© Ghalib Al-Hakkak - August 2016
Exercices تـامرين
Plural الجمع http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau-exo1.mp3
. لك رسالة طويلةSingular أطلب منك أن تصبـري قلي ًال وسوف أكتب
Present Tense
الـمفرد Past Tense
الـمضارع الـامضـي
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................
1st Pers. نطلب منك
1 Pers. st
الـمتكلم الـمتكلم
.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... يطلبون منا
Masculine Masculine
..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
الـمذكر الـمذكر
يطلبـن منهم
Dual الـمثنى
2nd Pers. 2nd Pers.
Feminine الـمخاطب Feminine الـمخاطب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
. شكرته عىل مساعدته يل ثم تركـتـه يدرس العربية مع أصحابه
Masculine Masculine
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
الـمذكر الـمذكر شكرونـي
3rd Pers. 3rd Pers.
Feminine الـغائب
........................................................................................................................................................................................................................
Feminine شكرها
الـغائب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
............................................................................................................................................................................................................................. شكرتهم
Present Particple اسم الفاعل
...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... شكرنا
Similar common use verbs
NB : the meaning given here is the most common one; variant meanings can be found in a dictionnary.
Translate !
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/sainau-exo2.mp3
Past Particple اسم الـمفعول
Who remembers the last party ? : .................................................................................. ..................................................................................................... : هل سمعت بـام حدث ؟
Verbal
Is it true thatNoun الـمصدر
you have drawn a new picture ? : ......................................................... ........................................................................................... : صحيح أنك تركت الـمدرسة ؟
It's my girlfriend who left me. : ....................................................................................... ............................................................................................................ : أين درست العربية ؟
Passive Voice الـمبني للـمجهول
..................................................................................................... : هل تذكر أيام الطفولة ؟
I really thank you very much. : ........................................................................................
Plural الجمع
Forms II to X
(Imperfect) (Perfect)
الـمضارع الـامضـي
1st Pers. 1st Pers.
الـمتكلم الـمتكلم
Imperative األمرForm
فعل IX : "TO BLACKEN", p. 95
اسو ّد يسو ّد
Form X - "TO USE", p. 97, "TO BE ABLE TO", p. 99, "TO LIE DOWN", p. 101,
استعمل يستعمل Notes,يستطيع استطاع
expressions, quotations... Search for meanings onيستلقي
your ownاستلقى
!
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Derivated Verb - Form II - 1 ف ّعل يف ّعل- الفعل املزيد
Plural الجمع TO TEACH
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/21-p.mp3 Masculine
الـمذكر
تعلم Masculine
الـمذكر
علمت
Dual الـمثنى
2nd Pers.
نعلم علمنا Feminine تعلميـن الـمخاطب Feminine علمت
2nd Pers.
الـمخاطب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
تعلمـان علمتام لـم تعلمي/ لن
تعلمـان علمتا
Feminine
الـمؤنث
تعلم الـغائب Feminine
الـمؤنث
علمت الـغائب
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/21-d.mp3
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/21-s.mp3
ُع ِّل َم ُي َع َّلم To distinguish ميز To shorten قرص To develop طور To analyse حلل
Imperative فعل األمر
To organize نظم To imitate قلد To lengthen طول To hide خبأ
To threaten هدد To bind قيد To list عدد To anesthetize خدر
َع ِّل ْم َع ِّلمي
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/21.mp3
Notes, expressions, quotations... Search for meanings on your own !
)(عيل بن أيب طالب » ً« من علمني حرفاً ملكني عبدا قيدوا العلم بالكتابة
)(مثل
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تـامرين Exercices
Plural الجمع ! Complete using the verb with the right agreement
?1. Who decided to raise taxes - 1من ..................أن يرفع الرضائب ؟ (قرر يقرر)Singular
Plural الجمع
Singular
Present Tense
(Imperfect)
الـمفرد Past Tense
(Perfect)
الـمضارع الـامضـي
1st Pers. 1st Pers.
الـمتكلم الـمتكلم
Masculine Masculine
الـمذكر الـمذكر
Dual الـمثنى
2nd Pers. 2nd Pers.
Feminine الـمخاطب Feminine الـمخاطب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
Exercises corrections
Masculine Masculine
الـمذكر الـمذكر
3rd Pers. 3rd Pers.
Feminine الـغائب Feminine الـغائب
الـمؤنث الـمؤنث
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Correction of page 12
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/corrige-page-111-1.mp3
أطلب منك أن تصبـري قلي ًال وسوف أكتب لك رسالة طويلة .
يطلب مني أن أصبـر قلي ًال وسوف يكتب يل رسالة طويلة .
نطلب منك أن تصبـر قلي ًال وسوف نكتب لك رسالة طويلة .
يطلبون منا أن نصبـر قلي ًال وسوف يكتبون لنا رسالة طويلة .
يطلبـن منهم أن يصبـروا قلي ًال وسوف يكتبـن لهم رسالة طويلة .
من يذكر العيد السابق ؟ ?Is it true that you left school
صديقتي هي التي تركتني . ?Do you remember the days of childhood
أشكرك شكراً جزي ًال . ?Why do you refuse this job
املحافظون مل يسقطوا . ?Do you think the ceiling will fall
أين سيسكن ؟ ?How can you keep silent with this injustice
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Correction of page 54
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/corrige-page-131-1.mp3
http://www.al-hakkak.fr/son-v/corrige-page-131-2.mp3
Alphabetical Index ء ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي
Index
NB :
2. Verbs given here are chosen for their frequency in today's Arabic;
there is no need to clutter here archaic verbs or too specialized; but
the student through a hard drive, will inevitably be able to guess which
group is linked to any other verb missing from this list;
3. Browse this list by observing how each verb group returns could
be a very useful exercise to get used to verbal morphology of Arabic ;
4. Vowels are only relevant data in this list; however the chadda is
indicated thereon, to avoid confusion between certain forms, but do
not get used to reproduce it in writing; you just have to guess its
presence.
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Alphabetical Index ء ا ب ت ث ج ح خ د ذ ر ز س ش ص ض ط ظ ع غ ف ق ك ل م ن هـ و ي
IV - p. 65 أم ّد يـم ّد IV - p. 63 أشاد يشيد ------ء ------
IV - p. 67 أمىس يـميس IV - p. 63 أشار يشيـر
IV - p. 67 أمىض يـميض IV - p. 63 أشاع يشيع IV - p. 63 أباد يبيد
IV - p. 61 أمكن يـمكن IV - p. 67 أشفى يشفي IV - p. 63 أبان يبيـن
IV - p. 63 أناب ينيب IV - p. 67 أشقى يشقي IV - p. 69 أبطأ يبطئ
IV - p. 63 أنال ينيل IV - p. 61 أصبح يصبح IV - p. 67 أبقى يبقي
IV - p. 67 أنىس ينيس IV - p. 65 يرص عىل
أرص ّ
ّ IV - p. 65 يتم
أتـم ّ
ّ
IV - p. 69 أنشأ ينشئ IV - p. 63 أضحى يضحي IV - p. 63 أجاد يجيد
IV - p. 61 أهمل يهمل IV - p. 65 أرض ّ
يرض ّ IV - p. 67 أجرى يجري
IV - p. 67 أوىص يويص IV - p. 63 أطال يطيل IV - p. 65 يحب
أحب ّّ
IV - p. 63 أعاد يعيد IV - p. 61 أحسن يحسن
-----ا ----- IV - p. 63 أعار يعيـر IV - p. 61 أخبـر يخبـر
IV - p. 63 أعال يعيل I - p. 45 أخذ يأخذ
VIII - p. 87 عن ابتعد يبتعد IV - p. 65 أع ّز يع ّز IV - p. 61 أخرج يخرج
VIII - p. 91 ابتل ّ
يبتل ّ IV - p. 61 أعلن يعلن IV - p. 69 أخطأ يخطئ
IX - p. 95 ابيض ّ
يبيض ّ IV - p. 67 أعمى يعمي IV - p. 65 أدل ّ
يدل ّ
VIII - p. 93 احتار يحتار IV - p. 63 أغار يغيـر IV - p. 61 أدخل يدخل
VIII - p. 91 احت ّد يحت ّد IV - p. 61 أغلق يغلق IV - p. 65 أذل ّ
يذل ّ
VIII - p. 87 احرتق يحرتق IV - p. 63 أفاد يفيد IV - p. 63 أراد يريد
VIII - p. 89 احتمى يحتمي IV - p. 63 أقال يقيل IV - p. 69 أرجأ يرجئ
VIII - p. 87 احتمل يحتمل IV - p. 61 أقبل يقبل IV - p. 61 أرجع يرجع
VIII - p. 89 احتوى يحتوي IV - p. 65 أق ّر يق ّر بـ IV - p. 61 أرسل يرسل
IX - p. 95 احم ّر يحم ّر IV - p. 61 أقسم يقسم IV - p. 67 أرىض يريض
VIII - p. 93 اجتاز يجتاز I - p. 45 أ َكل يأ ُكل IV - p. 63 أزال يزيل
VIII - p. 87 اجتمع يجتمع IV - p. 61 أكمل يكمل IV - p. 65 يرس
رس ّأ ّ
VIII - p. 89 اجتنى يجتني IV - p. 65 يلح
ألح ّ ّ IV - p. 61 أرسع يرسع
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English-Arabic Index NB : 1. Only the verbal noun ( )الـمصدرcommonly used is given here / 2. when the verbal noun comes from another groupe, it is between brackets.
Index
English - Arabic
Every verb is usually indicated in Arabic with three element: the past
tense (or perfect), the present tense (or imperfect) and the verbal noun
if it is in use.
The short vowels are sometimes indicated for easy reading, but you
should avoid reproducing them while writing.
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© Ghalib Al-Hakkak - August 2016
English-Arabic Index ) commonly used is given here / 2. when the verbal noun comes from another groupe, it is between brackets.الـمصدر( NB : 1. Only the verbal noun
A To apologize to sb for sth - VIII - p. 87 اعتذر يعتذر إىل ..عن
To abandon - V - p. 73 يتخل عن -التخلتخل ىّ ىّ To appear - I - p. 13 ظهَر يظهَر ُ -
الظهور
To accept - I - p. 17 ق ِبل يق َبل بـ -ال َقبول To apply - II - p. 53 ط ّبق ُيط ّبق -التطبيق
To accept - III - p. 57 الـموافقة
وافق ُيوافق عىل ُ - To appoint - II - p. 53 ع ّيـن ُيعـي ّـن -التعييـن
To accompany - III - p. 57 الـمصاحبة
صاحب ُيصاحب ُ - To appreciate - X - p. 97 استحسن يستحسن -االستحسان
To accompany - VIII - p. 87 اصطحب يصطحب To approach - VIII - p. 87 اقتـرب يقتـرب من -االقتـراب
To accuse sb of - VIII ا ّتهم يتّهم بـ -اال ّتهام To approve - III - p. 57 الـموافقة
وافق ُيوافق عىل ُ -
To achieve - IV - p. 65 تم -اإلتـامم
أتم ُي ّ
ّ To argue - VIII - p. 91 يحتج بـ
احتج ّ ّ
To acquire - VIII - p. 89 اقتنى يقتني -االقتناء To argue - II - p. 53 ع ّلل ُيع ّلل
To act (play, movie) ) - II - 53 م ّثل ُيـم ّثل -التمثيل To argument - II - p. 53 ع ّلل ُيع ّلل
To add - IV - p. 63 أضاف ُيضيف -اإلضافة To arrange - II - p. 53 نظم ُي ّ
نظم -التنظيم ّ
To admire - IV - p. 61 ُأ ْع ِجب ُي َ
عجب بـ -اإلعجاب To arrest - IV - p. 61 أوقف ُيوقف
To admit - IV - p. 65 أق ّر ُيق ّر بـ -اإلقرار To arrest - IV - p. 67 ألقى ُيلقي القبض عىل -إلقاء القبض
To admit - VIII - p. 87 اعرتف يعرتف بـ -االعتـراف To arrive - I - p. 23 يصل -الوصول
وصل ِ
َ
To adopt - V - p. 73 تبنّى يتبنّى -التبنّي To ask - I - p. 47 السؤال
سأل يسأل ُ -
To advertise - IV - p. 61 أعلن ُيعلن -اإلعالن To assassinate - VIII - p. 93 اغتال يغتال -االغتيال
To advise - I - p. 13 ينصح -الن ُْصح /النَصيحة
نصح َ
َ To assist - III - p. 57 الـمساعدة
ساعد ُيساعد ُ -
To advise - II - p. 55 وص -الت ْوصيةوص ُي يّ ىّ To assume - VIII - p. 87 افتـرض يفتـرض -االفتـراض
To affect - II - p. 53 أ ّثر ُيؤ ّثر عىل -التأثيـر To attach - II - p. 53 ق ّيد ُيق ّيد -التقييد
To afford - II - p. 53 و ّفر يو ّفر -التوفيـر To attach - I - p. 21 الضم
يض ّم ّ - ضم ُّ
To age - I - p. 33 شاب يشيب To attack - I - p. 11 يهجم عىل -الهُجوم
هجم ُ
َ
To agree - III - p. 57 الـموافقة
وافق ُيوافق ُ - To attack - III - p. 57 الـمهاجمة
هاجم ُيهاجم ُ -
To agree - VI - p. 75 توافق يتوافق -التوافق To attempt - IV - p. 67 أغرى ُيغري -اإلغراء
To agree - VIII - p. 87 ا ّتفق يتّفق -اال ّتفاق To attend - III - p. 57 الـمشاركة
شارك ُيشارك ُ -
To aim at - I - p. 11 / 43 هدَف يهدُ ف إىل /سعى يسعى إىل To attract - I - p. 15 ج َذب يج ِذب -الجذب
To allow - I - p. 13 س َمح يس َمح بـ -السامح To avoid - V - p. 71 تجنّب يتجنّب -التجنُّب
To analyze - II - p. 53 ح ّلل ُيح ّلل -التحليل To award - I - p. 13 منَح يـمنَح -الـمنْح
To announce - IV - p. 61 أعلن ُيعلن -اإلعالن
To answer - IV - p. 63 أجاب ُيجيب -اإلجابة B
To answer - I - p. 21 ر ّد ي ُر ّد -الر ّد To back / back up - III - p. 57 الـمساندة
ساند ُيساند ُ -
To answer back - I - p. 21 ر ّد ي ُر ّد فوراً -الر ّد To balance - III - p. 57 الـموازنة
وازن ُيوازن ُ -
172
Ouvrages pédagogiques de Ghalib Al-Hakkak
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Manuel d'arabe en ligne - Les bases de l'arabes en 50 semaines - tome IV (semaines 22 à 28) - A paraître
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Manuel d'arabe en ligne - Les bases de l'arabes en 50 semaines - tome VII (semaines 43 à 49) - A paraître
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Conjugaison arabe - VERSION 2 (mars 2017)
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Anecdotes de Juha - 48 histoires avec vocabulaire et enregistrement (janvier 2018) - N&B - 96 pages - A5
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224 pages - Price : 30 € 270 pages - Price : 35 €
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