Concrete Mix Design

NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]

NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INNOVATIVE TRENDS IN ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY-2016
11TH & 12TH MARCH 2016
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ISSN NO - 2394-3696
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Paper ID: NITETCIVIL01
CONCRETE MIX DESIGN
Dr. S. K.Dubey
Department of Civil Engineering, SSVP’s B. S. Deore College of Engineering, Dhule, India
* dubey.dgule@radiffmail.com
Prof. P. R. Hedgire
Department of Civil Engineering, A. G. Patil Institute of Technology, Solapur, India
* p_hedgire@radiffmail.com
Prof. V. M. Bhogade
Department of Civil Engineering, A. G. Patil Institute of Technology, Solapur, India
* shivabhogade@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The compressive strength of hardened concrete which is generally considered to be an index of its other
properties, depends upon many factors, e.g. quality and quantity of cement, water and aggregates; batching and
mixing; placing, compaction and curing.
The requirements which form the basis of selection and proportioning of mix ingredients are :
a) The minimum compressive strength required from structural consideration
b)The adequate workability necessary for full compaction with the compacting equipment available.
c) Maximum water-cement ratio and/or maximum cement content to give adequate durability for the particular
site conditions
d) Maximum cement content to avoid shrinkage cracking due to temperature cycle in mass concrete
The reduction in the sources of natural sand and the requirement for reduction in the cost of concrete production
has resulted in the increased need to identify substitute material to sand as fine aggregates in the production of
concretes especially in Concrete. Quarry dust, a by-product from the crushing process during quarrying
activities is one of such materials. Granite fines or rock dust is a by-product obtained during crushing of granite
rocks and is also called quarry dust. In recent days there were also been many attempts to use Fly Ash, an
industrial by product as partial replacement for cement to have higher workability, long term strength and to
make the concrete more economically available. This present work is an attempt to use Quarry Dust as partial
replacement for Sand in concrete. Attempts have been made to study the properties of concrete and to
investigate some properties of Quarry Dust the suitability of those properties to enable them to be used as partial
replacement materials for sand in concrete.
INTRODUCTION
The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts with the
objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as
possible, is termed the concrete mix design. The proportioning of ingredient of concrete is governed by the
required performance of concrete in 2 states, namely the plastic and the hardened states. If the plastic concrete is
not workable, it cannot be properly placed and compacted. The property of workability, therefore, becomes of
vital importance.
The actual cost of concrete is related to the cost of materials required for producing a minimum mean strength
called characteristic strength that is specified by the designer of the structure. This depends on the quality
control measures, but there is no doubt that the quality control adds to the cost of concrete. The extent of quality
control is often an economic compromise, and depends on the size and type of job. The cost of labour depends
on the workability of mix, e.g., a concrete mix of inadequate workability may result in a high cost of labour to
obtain a degree of compaction with available equipment.
The function of the fine aggregate is to assist in producing workability and uniformity in the mixture. The river
deposits are the most common source of fine aggregate. Now-a-days the natural river sand has become scarce
and very costly. Hence we are forced to think of alternative materials. The Quarry dust may be used in the place
of river sand fully or partly. A comparatively good strength is expected when sand is replaced partially or fully
with or without concrete admixtures.
It is proposed to study the possibility of replacing sand with locally available crusher waste without sacrificing
the strength and workability of concrete.
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PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL USED

A. Cement:
The cement used for this project work is Bharti 53- grade Portland pozzolana cement. The various properties of
cement are tabulated in Table 1.
Table 1 Properties of Cement
Sr. No. Type of Test Result

1 Fineness 2%
2 Specific Gravity 3.05
3 Normal Consistency 30%
4 Initial setting time 35 min
5 Final setting time 450 min
B. Aggregates:
1. Fine Aggregate (Natural Sand-source-Bhima River and Quarry Dust-from local Quarry ) :
The natural sand for the concrete mix is tested for the following test and the results are as tabulated in table 2.
Table 2 Properties of Fine Aggregates
Result
Sr. No. Type of Test
Natural Sand Quarry Dust
1 Specific Gravity 2.56 2.54
2 Sieve Analysis 3.20 2.80
3 Voids Ratio 0.54 0.40
4 Density 1.66 gm/cc 1.76 gm/cc
2. Coarse Aggregate:
The crushed granite aggregate of size passing through 20mm and retaining on 12.5mm standard sieve is used as
coarse aggregate. The various properties of coarse aggregate are presented in Table 3.
Table 3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate
Sr. No. Type of Test Result

1 Specific Gravity 2.88
2 Sieve Analysis 6.25
3 Density 1.64 gm /cc
C. Water: Potable water with pH value 7 is used for mixing and curing throughout the experiment.
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
Fresh concrete workability :

To determine consistency of concrete, Slump test was conducted with varying water content and a particular
water cement ratio (w/c) which gives the slump of 60mm was selected from graph. The various w/c for different
proportions of sand and quarry dust was presented in Table 4.
Table 4: Workability of concrete ( slump 65mm)
Fine Aggregate: Quarry dust Water Cement ratio for M 20 mix

100 : 0.00 0.45
50 : 50 0.50
0.00 : 100 0.55
Compression test :
The cube specimens were tested for compressive strength at the end of 7 days and 28 days. The specimens were
tested after surface of the specimen dried. The load was applied on the smooth sides without shock and
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increased continuously until the failure of the specimen. The maximum load withstand by the specimens is
noted, mean compressive strength is determined and presented in Table 5.
Table 5: Mean Compressive strength of concrete (in MPa)
Fine Aggregate: Mean Compressive strength of M20 concrete (N/ mm2)

Quarry dust 7 Days 28 Days
100 : 0.00 15.90 23.15
50 : 50 17.50 24.90
0.00 : 100 15.20 20.54
ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS
A. Compressive strength
From the Table 5, it is observed that both the 7 days and 28 days compressive strength is increased for the 50%
replacement of sand at considerable level. The variation in compressive strength is represented in following
graph.
Graph: 1 Compressive strength of concrete in 7 days and 28 days
CONCLUSIONS
1. The Replacement of the sand with quarry dust shows an improved in the compressive strength of the
concrete.
2. As the replacement of the sand with quarry dust increases the workability of the concrete is decreasing due to
the absorption of the water by the quarry dust.
3. The specific gravity is almost same both for the natural river sand and quarry dust. The variation of the
physical properties like particle size distribution and bulking is much varying parameter that which effect the
mix design of the concrete.
5. The percentage of the replacement of sand with the quarry dust is 50 % in case of compressive strength.
REFERENCES
[1] B.P.Hudson, Manufactured sand for concrete, The Indian Concrete Journal, May 1997 , pp237-240.
[2] A.K.Sahu, Sunil kumar and A.K.Sachan, Crushed stone waste as fine aggregate for concrete, The Indian
Concrete Journal, January 2003 pp845-847.
[3] Selvakoodalingam, B. and Palanikumar, M. “ Partial Replacement of Sand in Concrete with Quarry dust”,
Proceedings of National Symposium, Karunya Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, pp. 41-43, 2002.
[4] Md.Safiuddin, S.N.Raman and M.F.M. Zain, Utilization of Quarry waste fine Aggregate inconcrete mixures,
2007 Journal of Applied sciences research 3(3) : 202-208.
[5] I.R.Mithanthaya, Jayaprakash Narayan, Replacement of Sand by Quarry Dust for Plastering and in the
Pavement Design, Proceedings of national Symposium at Karunya Institute of Technology on 20-21,December
2002, pp 9-15.

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NOVATEUR PUBLICATIONS

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATION IN ENGINEERING, RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY [IJIERT]

CONCRETE MIX DESIGN

PROPERTIES OF MATERIAL USED

Sr. No. Type of Test Result

Table 2 Properties of Fine Aggregates

Table 3 Properties of Coarse Aggregate

Sr. No. Type of Test Result

Fresh concrete workability :

Table 4: Workability of concrete ( slump 65mm)

Fine Aggregate: Quarry dust Water Cement ratio for M 20 mix

Table 5: Mean Compressive strength of concrete (in MPa)

Fine Aggregate: Mean Compressive strength of M20 concrete (N/ mm2)

ANALYSIS OF TEST RESULTS

Graph: 1 Compressive strength of concrete in 7 days and 28 days

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