EX: 3.

STATIC BALANCING

Aim:
To Balance the given masses statically by drawing the force polygon.
Apparatus:
Shaft mounted in a frame between ball bearings connected to motor mounted on a standby
handing with hook and chain, Steel ball weight, for given masses with hanger.

Theory:
Balancing of masses plays an important role in machine design and manufacturing of rotating
parts. When a mass is stationary it can be balanced easily by putting a suitable counter weight
acting in the opposite direction of unbalanced mass. But when an unbalanced mass rotates, a
centrifugal force is developed which changes its axis of rotation. This causes vibrations in the
machine which leads to premature failure of bearing/shaft. Hence, balancing is essential for
satisfactory operation of the machine.

The apparatus consists of a frame which is hung by chains from the main frame. A shaft rotates
within bearings in the frame. Six slotted weights are provided with the equipment. The weight
can be clamped on the shaft at different distances. An angular scale provided enables the weights
to be fitted at required angular position. Also the weight can slide over the shaft so that linear
distances can be adjusted
Procedure:
1. Clamp the main frame on the supporting frame by a nut and bolt.

2. Clamp any one of the rotating weight on the main shaft with the help of an allen key, keeping
the pointer at 00. Ensure that weight is firmly clamped.

3. Now mount weight pans by a light flexible string by clamping it to the hook provided on
pulley. Let this string pass through the groove provided on pulley.

4. Now add steel balls in any one of the weight pan ensuring that both the weight pans are in
horizontal level. Go on adding the steel balls until the pointer rotates by 90 0 +/-10 0.

5. Count down the steel balls.

6. Continue this procedure for all the other four weight

Observations:

S.No Weights of Blocks(m) No of Balls

Result:
 EX:4. DYNAMIC BALANCING

AIM:
To balance the given masses dynamically by drawing force and couple polygon.
APPARATUS:
Shaft mounted in a frame between ball bearings connected to motor mounted on a stand by
hanging with hook and chain, steel ball weights, four given masses with hanger

THEORY:
If a weight is attached to a revolving shaft its motion is disturbed due to centrifugal force exerted
on the shaft by the weight. So to counter this is single in plane parallel to the plane of a rotation
of the disturbing mass can be attached so as balance the force exerted by disturbing mass, as a
minimum of two balancing weights must be introduced and the three weights must be so
arranged that the resultant force and couple acting on the shaft is zero. This requires that lines of
action of the centrifugal force shall be in three parallel planes and the algebraic sum of moments
about any point in the same plane should be zero so that we can say the shaft is dynamically
balanced
FORCE POLYGON –
We know that, the centrifugal force exerted by each mass on the rotating shaft is given by.
fc = W/g. w2. R

In our equipment, the centrifugal force exerted by each mass is balanced by the total no. of balls
(each
ball considered as a unit mass) and the radius of the string in the groove of the pulley folding the
pan

fc1 = W1/g. w2. R

Similarly,
fc2 = W2 /g. w2. r; fc3 = W3 /g. w2. r; fc4 = W4 /g. w2. R

As in the above equation, since w2. r/g is constant for all the masses. The equation can be written
as,

fc1 = m1; fc2 = m2; fc3 = m3 and fc4=m4.

Therefore, taking the above magnitudes of forces and considering the mass m1 at Θ1 = 00. Draw
a force polygon to get the corresponding values of Θ2, Θ3 & Θ4.

COUPLE POLYGON:
Couple polygon relates with the dynamic balancing of the system. Take a reference plane in the
system (say plane of rotating mass m1) the distance of all the other panes i.e. m2, m3 and m4 be
at l1, l2 & l3 respectively.

Tabulate the data as shown in the following table:

Couple
Weight of the Force Dist. From
S.No Plane Polygon=
block Polygon plane 1
force x dist.
( m.l )
1 m1 1 m1 0 0
2 m2 2 m2 l1 m2 l1
3 m3 3 m3 l2 m3 l2
4 m4 4 m4 l3 m4 l3

Now draw a couple polygon. Draw the lines parallel to the direction of forces m2, m3 & m 4. if
any force in the couple polygon comes in the negative direction, then that plane of the rotation
comes to the opposite side of the reference plane. Thus we get the distance between the planes of
rotation of the rotating masses
PROCEDURE:
Centrifugal force is calculated on the shaft where four masses are mounted and it is the product
of each weight and its distance from the axis of rotation by mounting each mass on the shaft
separately and the no of balls required to rotate. This mass through an angle 900.

1. The procedure is followed for all four masses and the w1r1, w2r2, w3r3 and w4r4 products are
noted down.

2. Now a force polygon for these four masses is drawn by taking two forces at right angles to
each other and polygon.

3. Now we will take one mass the reference plane. The force acts at 90 to it and the distance L1
from reference plane is assumed conveniently.

4. The product w1r1L1 will give the coupling force F1L1, A2 F2 is reference plane its effect is
nullified on the shaft.

5. The length L3&L4 of the couples F3L3 and F4L4 can be known by drawing the couple force
polygon.

6. First F1L1 is taken to the acting downwards its magnitude being equal to W1, R1, L1.

7. Now from this point on this line F3 is drawn parallel to the force w3r3. The intersection of
these two parallel to w4r4.

8. The intersection of these two parallel lines give the distance L3&L4 i.e. The distance at which
the forces F3 and F4 act along the axis of the shaft.

9. Hence all the coupling forces can be known the angles at which they act with reference to the
reference plane. Hence the shaft is said to be balanced dynamically.

10. Fix firmly one of the masses rotating shaft. At suitable distance fix the second mass at 90 to
the previously fixed mass. Now fix the third mass in such a way that the mass in such a way that
the masses are dynamically balanced. Operating speed must not exceed 700 to 750rpm.
Observations: -

Couple
Weight of the
S.No Plane Force Polygon Distance from Polygon=
block(m)
plane 1 force x dist.
( m.l )

RESULTS: