Damage Analysis

Problem;
The figure shows a concrete slab on a solid foundation subject to three different load groups
consisting of 18000 lb single axles, 36000 lb tandem axles, 54000 lb tridem axles each with 20
repetitions per day. Due to symmetry, only one half of the slab is considered. The concrete slab
has a thickness of 8 inches and a modulus of rupture of 600 psi. The subgrade has an elastic
modulus of 5000 psi and a Poisson’s ratio of 0.4. Based on a contact pressure of 100 psi, the
size of each contact area is 8.084 in.by 5.567 in. Each year is divided into two periods with
foundation seasonal adjustment factors of 1.0 and 0.8 for each period.
Determine the design life based on PCA fatigue criteria.

Procedure
1. In the KENPAVE software, to model a concrete(rigid) pavement SLABSINP option
need to be selected. SLABSINP was selected under Concrete since this is a concrete
(rigid) pavement and New File was created.
2. Then the tab “GENERAL” was selected in order to input the data which need to be
analyzed.
3. Then The tab “SLAB” was opened and the slab data was fed in X and Y coordinates.
4. Then tab “UNIFORM” was opened to feed the uniformly distributed load for each load
group (NUDL).
5. Then, other optional information was provided by clicking “OPTIONAL” tab. In this
lab, the nodes 1, 19 and 37 were input as nodes for printout.
6. Under the FOUNDATION tab, the Young’s modulus and the Poison’s ratio of the
subgrade were fed to the software.

7. Then the seasonal adjustment factors for the foundation (FSAF) were input and for
the first period of the year it is 1 and for the second period it is 0.8.
8. Then the tab DAMAGE was opened and fatigue properties were input.
Results – Flexible pavement

INPUT FILE NAME -C:\KENPAVE\Lab 1 EN15537270.DAT

NUMBER OF PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED = 1

TITLE -Flexible Pavement

MATL = 1 FOR LINEAR ELASTIC LAYERED SYSTEM

NDAMA = 0, SO DAMAGE ANALYSIS WILL NOT BE PERFORMED

NUMBER OF PERIODS PER YEAR (NPY) = 1

NUMBER OF LOAD GROUPS (NLG) = 1

TOLERANCE FOR INTEGRATION (DEL) -- = 0.001

NUMBER OF LAYERS (NL)------------- = 3

NUMBER OF Z COORDINATES (NZ)------ = 3

LIMIT OF INTEGRATION CYCLES (ICL)- = 80

COMPUTING CODE (NSTD)------------- = 1

SYSTEM OF UNITS (NUNIT)------------= 0

Length and displacement in in., stress and modulus in psi

unit weight in pcf, and temperature in F

THICKNESSES OF LAYERS (TH) ARE : 6 8

POISSON'S RATIOS OF LAYERS (PR) ARE : 0.4 0.35 0.45

VERTICAL COORDINATES OF POINTS (ZC) ARE: 0 6 14

ALL INTERFACES ARE FULLY BONDED

FOR PERIOD NO. 1 LAYER NO. AND MODULUS ARE : 1 7.400E+05 2 2.300E+04

3 1.100E+04

LOAD GROUP NO. 1 HAS 4 CONTACT AREAS

CONTACT RADIUS (CR)--------------- = 4.52

CONTACT PRESSURE (CP)------------- = 70

NO. OF POINTS AT WHICH RESULTS ARE DESIRED (NPT)-- = 12

WHEEL SPACING ALONG X-AXIS (XW)------------------- = 48

WHEEL SPACING ALONG Y-AXIS (YW)------------------- = 13.5

RESPONSE PT. NO. AND (XPT, YPT) ARE: 1 0.000 0.000 2 0.000 3.375

3 0.000 6.750 4 8.000 0.000 5 8.000 3.375 6 8.000 6.750

7 16.000 0.000 8 16.000 3.375 9 16.000 6.750 10 24.000 0.000

11 24.000 3.375 12 24.000 6.750

PERIOD NO. 1 LOAD GROUP NO. 1

POINT VERTICAL VERTICAL

NO. COORDINATE DISPLACEMENT

1 0.00000 0.02012

1 6.00000 0.01977

1 14.00000 0.01754

2 0.00000 0.02043

2 6.00000 0.02021

2 14.00000 0.01791

3 0.00000 0.02044

3 6.00000 0.02030

3 14.00000 0.01804

4 0.00000 0.01956

4 6.00000 0.01930

4 14.00000 0.01773

5 0.00000 0.01997

5 6.00000 0.01975

5 14.00000 0.01808

6 0.00000 0.02010

6 6.00000 0.01988

6 14.00000 0.01820

7 0.00000 0.01846
7 6.00000 0.01826

7 14.00000 0.01730

8 0.00000 0.01905

8 6.00000 0.01861

8 14.00000 0.01760

9 0.00000 0.01916

9 6.00000 0.01873

9 14.00000 0.01770

10 0.00000 0.01777

10 6.00000 0.01783

10 14.00000 0.01707

11 0.00000 0.01808

11 6.00000 0.01815

11 14.00000 0.01734

12 0.00000 0.01819

12 6.00000 0.01826

12 14.00000 0.01743
Results – Rigid pavement

INPUT FILE NAME -C:\KENPAVE\Lab 1_1 EN15537270.TXT

NUMBER OF PROBLEMS TO BE SOLVED = 1

TITLE -Rigid Pavements

TYPE OF FOUNDATION (NFOUND) = 1

TYPE OF DAMAGE ANALYSIS (NDAMA) = 1

NUMBER OF PERIODS PER YEAR (NPY) = 2

NUMBER OF LOAD GROUPS (NLG) = 3

TOTAL NUMBER OF SLABS (NSLAB) = 1

TOTAL NUMBER OF JOINTS (NJOINT) = 0

ARRANGEMENT OF SLABS

SLAB NO. NODES (NX) NO. NODES (NY) JOINT NO. AT FOUR SIDES (JONO)

NO. IN X DIRECTION IN Y DIRECTION LEFT RIGHT BOTTOM TOP

1 9 9 0 0 0 0

NUMBER OF LAYERS (NLAYER)-------------------------------------= 1

NODAL NUMBER USED TO CHECK CONVERGENCE (NNCK)-----------------= 1

NUMBER OF NODES NOT IN CONTACT (NOTCON)-----------------------= 0

NUMBER OF GAPS (NGAP)-----------------------------------------= 0

NUMBER OF POINTS FOR PRINTOUT (NPRINT)------------------------= 3

CODE FOR INPUT OF GAPS OR PRECOMPRESSIONS (INPUT)- -----------= 0

BOND BETWEEN TWO LAYERS (NBOND)-------------------------------= 0

CONDITION OF WARPING (NTEMP)----------------------------------= 0

CODE INDICATING WHETHER SLAB WEIGHT IS CONSIDERED (NWT)-------= 0

MAX NO. OF CYCLES FOR CHECKING CONTACT (NCYCLE)---------------= 1

NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL THICKNESSES FOR SLAB LAYER 1 (NAT1)------= 0

NUMBER OF ADDITIONAL THICKNESSES FOR SLAB LAYER 2 (NAT2)------= 0

NUMBER OF POINTS ON X AXIS OF SYMMETRY (NSX)------------------= 0

NUMBER OF POINTS ON Y AXIS OF SYMMETRY (NSY)------------------= 9

MORE DETAILED PRINTOUT FOR EACH CONTACT CYCLE (MDPO)----------= 0

TOLERANCE FOR ITERATIONS (DEL)--------------------------------= 0.001

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE VERTICAL DISPLACEMENT (FMAX)----------------= 1

SYSTEM OF UNITS (NUNIT)---------------------------------------= 0

(Length in in., force in lb, stress in psi, unit weigh in pcf

subgrade and dowel K value in pci, and temperature in F)

MODULUS OF RUPTURE OF LAYER 1 (PMR(1))------------------------= 600

MODULUS OF RUPTURE OF LAYER 2 (PMR(2))------------------------= 0

FOR SLAB NO. 1 COORDINATES OF FINITE ELEMENT GRID ARE:

X = 0 12 24 36 48 72 96 132 168

Y = 0 9.5 19 39 58 77 96 120 144

LAYER THICKNESS (T) POISSON'S YOUNG'S

NO. RATIO (PR) MODULUS (YM)

1 8.00000 0.15000 4.000E+06

No. OF LOADED AREAS (NUDL) FOR EACH LOAD GROUP ARE: 4 4 8

NO. OF NODAL FORCES (NCNF) AND MOMENTS (NCMX AND NCMY) ARE: 0 0 0

FOR LOAD GROUP NO. 1 LOADS ARE APPLIED AS FOLLOWS:

SLAB NO. X COORDINATES Y COORDINATES INTENSITY

(LS) (XL1) (XL2) (YL1) (YL2) (QQ)

1 0.00000 4.04200 0.00000 5.56700 100.00000

1 0.00000 4.04200 13.43300 19.00000 100.00000

1 0.00000 4.04200 77.00000 82.56700 100.00000

1 0.00000 4.04200 90.43300 96.00000 100.00000

FOR LOAD GROUP NO. 2 LOADS ARE APPLIED AS FOLLOWS:

SLAB NO. X COORDINATES Y COORDINATES INTENSITY

(LS) (XL1) (XL2) (YL1) (YL2) (QQ)

1 19.95800 28.04200 0.00000 5.56700 100.00000

1 19.95800 28.04200 13.43300 19.00000 100.00000

1 19.95800 28.04200 77.00000 82.56700 100.00000

1 19.95800 28.04200 90.43300 96.00000 100.00000

FOR LOAD GROUP NO. 3 LOADS ARE APPLIED AS FOLLOWS:

SLAB NO. X COORDINATES Y COORDINATES INTENSITY

(LS) (XL1) (XL2) (YL1) (YL2) (QQ)

1 0.00000 4.04200 0.00000 5.56700 100.00000

1 0.00000 4.04200 13.43300 19.00000 100.00000

 1 0.00000 4.04200 77.00000 82.56700 100.00000

1 0.00000 4.04200 90.43300 96.00000 100.00000

1 43.95800 52.04200 0.00000 5.56700 100.00000

1 43.95800 52.04200 13.43300 19.00000 100.00000

1 43.95800 52.04200 77.00000 82.56700 100.00000

1 43.95800 52.04200 90.43300 96.00000 100.00000

NODES FOR STRESS PRINTOUT (NP) ARE: 1 19 37

NODES ON Y AXIS OF SYMMETRY (NODSY) ARE: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

FOUNDATION ADJUSTMENT FACTOR (FSAF) FOR EACH PERIOD ARE: 1 0.8

YOUNG'S MODULUS OF FOUNDATION (YMS) = 5000

POISSON'S RATIO OF FOUNDATION (PRS) = 0.4

FOR PERIOD 1 TOTAL NO. OF LOAD REPETITIONS (TNLR) FOR EACH LOAD GROUP ARE:

3650 3650 3650

FOR PERIOD 2 TOTAL NO. OF LOAD REPETITIONS (TNLR) FOR EACH LOAD GROUP ARE:

3650 3650 3650

THE GLOBAL COORDINATES (XO AND YO) OF EACH NODE ARE:

1 0.000 0.000 2 0.000 9.500 3 0.000 19.000

4 0.000 39.000 5 0.000 58.000 6 0.000 77.000

7 0.000 96.000 8 0.000 120.000 9 0.000 144.000

10 12.000 0.000 11 12.000 9.500 12 12.000 19.000

13 12.000 39.000 14 12.000 58.000 15 12.000 77.000

16 12.000 96.000 17 12.000 120.000 18 12.000 144.000

19 24.000 0.000 20 24.000 9.500 21 24.000 19.000

22 24.000 39.000 23 24.000 58.000 24 24.000 77.000

25 24.000 96.000 26 24.000 120.000 27 24.000 144.000

28 36.000 0.000 29 36.000 9.500 30 36.000 19.000

31 36.000 39.000 32 36.000 58.000 33 36.000 77.000

34 36.000 96.000 35 36.000 120.000 36 36.000 144.000

37 48.000 0.000 38 48.000 9.500 39 48.000 19.000

40 48.000 39.000 41 48.000 58.000 42 48.000 77.000

43 48.000 96.000 44 48.000 120.000 45 48.000 144.000

46 72.000 0.000 47 72.000 9.500 48 72.000 19.000

49 72.000 39.000 50 72.000 58.000 51 72.000 77.000

 52 72.000 96.000 53 72.000 120.000 54 72.000 144.000

55 96.000 0.000 56 96.000 9.500 57 96.000 19.000

58 96.000 39.000 59 96.000 58.000 60 96.000 77.000

61 96.000 96.000 62 96.000 120.000 63 96.000 144.000

64 132.000 0.000 65 132.000 9.500 66 132.000 19.000

67 132.000 39.000 68 132.000 58.000 69 132.000 77.000

70 132.000 96.000 71 132.000 120.000 72 132.000 144.000

73 168.000 0.000 74 168.000 9.500 75 168.000 19.000

76 168.000 39.000 77 168.000 58.000 78 168.000 77.000

79 168.000 96.000 80 168.000 120.000 81 168.000 144.000

HALF BAND WIDTH (NB) = 192

PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 1 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -319.397 0.000 0.000 159.698 0.000 -319.397

19 1 -47.860 0.000 0.000 23.930 0.000 -47.860

37 1 26.953 0.000 0.000 13.477 26.953 0.000

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -319.397 ( NODE 1 )

FOR PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 1 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .17207E-01

PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 2 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -95.534 0.000 0.000 47.767 0.000 -95.534

19 1 -293.125 0.000 0.000 146.563 0.000 -293.125

37 1 -3.411 0.000 0.000 1.705 0.000 -3.411

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -293.125 ( NODE 19 )

FOR PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 2 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .26079E-02

PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 3 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -267.168 0.000 0.000 133.584 0.000 -267.168

19 1 -54.244 0.000 0.000 27.122 0.000 -54.244

37 1 -247.427 0.000 0.000 123.714 0.000 -247.427

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -267.168 ( NODE 1 )

FOR PERIOD 1 LOAD GROUP 3 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .00000E+00

PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 1 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -335.997 0.000 0.000 167.999 0.000 -335.997

19 1 -60.278 0.000 0.000 30.139 0.000 -60.278

37 1 21.651 0.000 0.000 10.826 21.651 0.000

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -335.997 ( NODE 1 )

FOR PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 1 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .38757E-01

PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 2 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -120.198 0.000 0.000 60.099 0.000 -120.198

19 1 -314.892 0.000 0.000 157.446 0.000 -314.892

37 1 -15.512 0.000 0.000 7.756 0.000 -15.512

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -314.892 ( NODE 19 )

FOR PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 2 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .13327E-01

PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 3 AND CYCLE NO. 1

NODE LAYER STRESS X STRESS Y STRESS XY MAX.SHEAR MAJOR MINOR

1 1 -293.872 0.000 0.000 146.936 0.000 -293.872

19 1 -78.343 0.000 0.000 39.172 0.000 -78.343

37 1 -265.852 0.000 0.000 132.926 0.000 -265.852

MAXIMUM STRESS (SMAX) IN LAYER 1 IS -293.872 ( NODE 1 )

FOR PERIOD 2 LOAD GROUP 3 CRACKING INDEX (CI) FOR LAYER 1 IS .28019E-02
 FOR LAYER 1 SUM OF CRACKING INDEX (SUMCI) = .74701E-01

DESIGN LIFE (DL) IN YEARS = 13.39

References
Anon., 2018. The Constructor. [Online]
Available at: https://theconstructor.org/transportation/types-of-pavement-flexible-and-rigid-
pavement/9570/