SCADA

Topic Outline:
 Introduction
 History
 What is SCADA?
 Classifications of a SCADA system
 Elements of SCADA system?
 Where is SCADA used?
 What types of SCADA are there?
 SCADA Components
 Conclusion
I. Introduction
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) System
 History
 Why SCADA?
 Definition of SCADA
History
 Egyptian supervisory
 First half of the 20th century
 Development from telemetry system
 Weather predictions
 Rail road tracks
 Two way system
 1960s idea for supervisory
 1970s radio system
Why SCADA?
 Saves Time and Money
 Less traveling for workers (e.g. helicopter ride)
 Reduces man-power needs
 Increases production efficiency of a company
  Cost effective for power systems
 Saves energy
 Reliable
 Supervisory control over a particular system
What is SCADA?
 Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
 A type of Industrial Control System (ICS) that is used to monitor
& remotely control critical industrial processes.
 Supervisory
 Operator/s, engineer/s, supervisor/s, etc
 Control
 Monitoring
 Limited
 Telemetry
 Remote/Local
 Data acquisition
 Access and acquire information or data from the
equipment
 Sends it to different sites through telemetry
 Analog / Digital
Classifications
 Anatomy of a SCADA system?
 Elements of SCADA
 Levels of SCADA
 Where is SCADA used?
 Different applications of SCADA systems?
 What types of SCADA are there?
 Component manufacturers and system manufacturers of the SCADA
systems?
 Automation Solutions
 Software
  Hardware
Elements of SCADA
Elements of a SCADA system
 Sensors and actuators
 RTUs/PLCs
 Communication
 MTU
 Front End Processor
 SCADA server
 Historical/Redundant/Safety Server
 HMI computer
 HMI software
Note: Sensor is an object whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment, and then
provide a corresponding output.

An actuator is a type of motor that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or

system.
A maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the largest size packet or frame, specified in octets
(eight-bit bytes), that can be sent in a packet- or frame-based network such as the Internet.
A front end processor (FEP), or a communications processor, is a small-sized computer
which interfaces to the host computer a number of networks, such as SNA, or a number of
peripheral devices, such as terminals, disk units, printers and tape units.
Sensors
Types of sensors:
 Pressure sensors
 Temperature sensors
 Light sensors
 Humidity sensors
 Wind speed sensors
 Water level sensors
 Distance sensors
Actuators
Actuators:
  Valves
 Pumps
 Motors

RTUs
RTU – Remote Terminal Unit
 Intelligent to control a process and multiple processes
 Data logging and alarm handling
 Expandable
 Asks the field devices for information
 Can control IEDs (Intelligent Electronic Device)
 Slave/Master device
RTUs
Alarms
Types of alarms:
 Good alarms
 Critical failure alarms

Safety instrumented systems

A Safety Instrumented System (SIS) consists of an engineered set of hardware and software
controls which are especially used on critical process systems.
Actions:
 Override the normal control system
 Take over the actuators
PLCs
PLC – Programmable Logic Controller
 Ladder logic
 Industrial computer that replaced relays
 Not a protocol converter
 Cannot control IEDs
 Communication compatibilities
 Takes actions based on its inputs
Communication
Communication systems:
 Switched Telephone Network
 Leased lines
 Private Network (LAN/RS-485)
 Internet
 Wireless Communication systems
 Wireless LAN
 Global System for Mobile Communication
(GSM) Network
 Radio modems
Protocols:
 MODBUS
 DNP 3.0
 Fieldbus
 Controller Area Network (CAN)
 Profibus
 DirectNet
  TCP/IP
 Ethernet
Note: Modbus is a serial communications protocol originally published by Modicon (now Schneider
Electric) in 1979 for use with its programmable logic controllers (PLCs).

DNP3 (Distributed Network Protocol) is a set of communications protocols used between

components in process automation systems. (SCADA)
Fieldbus is the name of a family of industrial computer network protocols used for real-time
distributed control, standardized as IEC 61158.
A controller area network (CAN bus) is a vehicle bus standard designed to allow
microcontrollers and devices to communicate with each other in applications without a host
computer.
PROFIBUS (Process Field Bus) is a standard for fieldbus communication in automation
technology and was first promoted in 1989 by BMBF (German department of education and
research) and then used by Siemens.
Koyo DirectNET protocol is used by DirectLOGIC PLCs from Automation Direct and is
used in APS vacuum controls since 1999. It is a master/slave protocol making use of RS-232
or RS-422 physical layers with a baud rate from 300 to 38,400. It is designed to drive a
maximum of 90 PLCs on a serial line.
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is the basic communication
language or protocol of the Internet.
Ethernet is a link layer protocol in the TCP/IP stack, describing how networked devices can
format data for transmission to other network devices on the same network segment, and how
to put that data out on the network connection.
Front End Processor
Front End Processor
 Gathers all communications and converts them into SCADA friendly
communication
 Communication interface between several RTU channels and the host Master
Station computer
SCADA server
 It can be a Web server
 Data logging
 Analyzing data
 Serve the clients through a firewall
 Clients connected in the corporation or connected outside through internet
 Real-time decision maker
  Asks RTU for information
Historical server
Historical/Safety/Redundant Server
 Logs the data from the SCADA server and
stores it as a backup, in case of a disaster
 It is basically a safety server
HMI Computer
Human Machine Interface Computer
 Access on the SCADA Server
 Control the system
 Operator Interface
 Software
 User friendly
 Programmable (C, C++)
DCS
DCS – Distributed Control System
 Process oriented – tendency to do something
 Not event oriented – does not depend on circumstances
 Local control over the devices
 Subordinate to SCADA
Levels of SCADA
Four levels of SCADA system
 Level IV - Enterprise
 Corporate LAN/WAN
 World Wide Web
 Virtual Private Network
 Firewall for remote users
 Level III – SCADA / MTU
 Operator Workstations
 Control
 Engineering Workstations
  Servers – Data logging
 Level II – Telecommunication
 Fiber
 Radio
 Telephone leased line
 Protocols
 Level I – Field
 Devices
 RTUs / PLCs
 Sensors
Level IV - Enterprise

Level III - SCADA

Level II and I
Telecommunication and Field
Where is SCADA used?
Main SCADA applications:
 Water and Wastewater
 Power
 Oil and Gas
 Research facilities
 Transportation
 Security systems
 Siren systems
 Irrigation
 Communication control
U.S. Infrastructure

SCADA examples
 Gas control systems
 Water control systems
 Power systems
Gas SCADA

Water SCADA
Power SCADA

SCADA system types

Three types of basic SCADA systems:
 Basic SCADA
 One machine process
 One RTU and MTU
 Integrated SCADA
 Multiple RTUs
 DCS
 Networked SCADA
 Multiple SCADA
Basic SCADA

 Car manufacturing robot

 Room temperature control
Integrated SCADA

 Water systems
 Subway systems
 Security systems
Networked SCADA

 Power systems
 Communication
systems
Automation solutions
SCADA system manufacturers
 Modular SCADA, UK
 MOSCAD, Motorola
 Rockwell Automation
 ABCO
 ABB
 Lantronix
SCADA Hardware
SCADA Hardware manufacturers
 Rockwell Allen Bradley
 General Electric (GE)
 Emerson
 Schneider Electric
SCADA Software
SCADA Software manufacturers
 Intellution (Fix 32)
 Iconics (Genesis32 v7.0)
 Wonderware (InTouch)
 Citect (CitectSCADA 5.42)
 National Instruments (Lookout SCADA)
SCADA components
1. Field Instrumentation
e.g. CT, PT, RTU, PLC
2. Communication Network
e.g. Cable, PLCC, Wideband, GPRS
3. Control Center
e.g. SLDC, Master SCADA
SCADA components
SCADA components
[1].Field Instrumentation:
Collects all info of the system & transport to the control center.
Installed @ Field Station
Collects info by CTs, PTs, Transducer, RTUs(Remote Terminal Unit), IEDs(Intelligent
Electronic Devices)

[2]. Communication Network:

Dedicated Telephone Lines
PLCC (Power Line Carrier Communication)
VHF (Very High Frequency)
Microwave
GPRS (General Pocket Radio Service)
Optical Fiber
[3]. Control Center:
Front End System- Interface between RTU & master SCADA
Data Base
HMI (Human-Machine Interface)
LAN
Peripheral
Control Strategy: Key Priorities
Balance generation & demand (dispatching)
Monitor flows and observe system limits
Coordinate maintenance activities
Protect equipment from damage
Conclusion
 There are thousands of SCADA systems installed and they can be completely
different from each other, in terms of
their structures but they all have common elements and
a common purpose – to supervise control and collect data.
 There are three types of SCADA systems that describe
all of the SCADA systems.
 Communication is the most significant part of SCADA
 Power and communication systems are most likely to
get attacked by terrorists.

Prepared by: Efren A. San Luis