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Paint
Paints are coatings of fluid materials which are applied as a final finish to surfaces like walls,
ceiling, wood and metal works.
Painting is done to protect the surface from the effects of weathering, to prevent wood from
decay and metal from corrosion, to provide a decorative finish and to obtain a clean, hygienic
and healthy living atmosphere.
Paints consist of color pigment, blinder and thinner was easily made about 5000 years ago.
Blue Frit is the first synthetic color pigment produced by Egyptian, it was made of blue glass
element from underground.
In period 1000 B.C, paint and varnish are made and developed from rubber element, taken
from gum arabic tree. At this time umbers color, ocher’s, and blacks are easily found, and
another color also found too. The first color is “Egyptian Blue” and “Naples Yellow” in 500
B.C, and “Red Lead was accidentally found in 2500 B.C. “White Lead” produced in the 2th
century.
Before 16th century, color pigment originally found from natural substance color in region of
Europe. Beetwen 1550 and 1850 they start to call it as a natural color substance and adjusted
with tropical climate in central America and india and other places.
In 17th century, needs of “White Lead” in dutch start to increase and try to lower cost through
invention of “the stack proses”. All white lead paint mixed with chalk, and they put it into
their undercoat (basic paint) while the pure lead left behind for finish coat. In 1856, the first
synthetic dye “Mauvine” , was made by Henry Perkins from linseed oil, and he finally
realized that the coloring material can be made synthetically with more economical price.
And since that liseed oil produced massively. They also succeed to make pigment from zinc
oxide element and they call it as a white paint.
By using iron paint factory and zinc based on pigment, since that paint industry succeed to
developed a paint that can be washed out for the first time in 1867, the brand is "Charlton
White".
The Sherwin-Williams company spend 10 years research to complete the soft paint formula
that made from liseed oil. In 1880, they finally succeed to developed paint formula and the
quality is better than before.
Since that emulsion paint made based on the same formula, produced, and marketed as “oil
bound distempers”. In 1880, the new paint was available in canned packaging, in various
color choices, and has been exported around the world.
There are some ingridients of paint, the ingredients of paint is binder, solvent, pigment/filler
and additive. Paint also have some type
1. Enamel paints: These paints are available in numerous shades. They mainly consist
of white lead or zinc white, resinous matter and petroleum spirit. Their formation
into hard, impervious, decay resistant enamel-like surface soon after application
protects it from being affected by acids, alkalies, fumes and gas, hot and cold water,
etc. They can be used for internal as well as external purposes.
2. Cement paints: These include a variety of paints in which cement is the main
constituent responsible for the hardness and durability of the painted surface. They
are available in dry, powder form. Cement paints are waterproof. It is desirable to
provide cement paints on a rough surface rather than smooth surface because its
adhesion power is more on rough surface than on smooth surface. It proves to be
economical as compared to oil paints. They are suitable for painting fresh plasters
having high alkalinity because cement paints are not likely to be attacked by the
alkalinity of the masonry surface. It is not necessary to remove the existing paint
for the application of new paint.
3. Oil paints: They are generally applied in three different layers with varying
composition. These are termed as primes, undercoats and finishing coats. The
dampness of the wall affects the life of the oil paint; hence, it must not be applied
during damp weather. This is the ordinary paint which is cheap, fairly workable and
possesses the qualities of opacity, good appearance, durability and resistance to
weathering effects.
4. Cellulose paints: They are prepared from the nitro cotton, celluloid sheets,
photographic films, etc. The cellulose paints harden by evaporation of thinning
agents. The surface painted with cellulose can be washed and cleaned easily. They
are a little more costly than other paints.
5. Aluminium paints: The finely ground aluminium is suspended in either quick
drying spirit varnish or slow drying oil varnish as per requirement. As the spirit or
oil evaporates, a thin film of aluminium is formed on the surface. These paints form
a better protective surface over steel and iron. They are impervious to moisture and
possess high electrical resistance. They have a good appearance and are visible in
darkness.
6. Emulsion paints: These paints contain polyvinyl acetate, synthetic resins, etc. It is
easy to apply and is retained for a long period and can be cleaned easily by water.
For a rough plastered surface, a thin coat of cement paint may first be applied to
smoothen the surface. It is necessary to have a sound surface to receive the paint.
7. Anticorrosive paints: They consist of oil and a strong drier. The pigments such as
chromium oxide, lead or zinc chrome is taken and after mixing it with a small
quantity of very fine sand is added to the paints. They are cheap and last for a long
duration. They are black in colour, usually.
8. Synthetic rubber paints: These paints are prepared from resins. They have an
excellent chemical resistant property. They can be applied to surfaces which may
not be completely dry. They offer good resistance to water and are not affected by
heavy rains. They dry very quickly. They are not affected by weather and sunlight
and are quite easy to apply.

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