Advanced Engineering Mathematics, by Erwin Kreyszig 10th. Ed.

Problem Set 1.3

No. 1

No. 2
dy
y 3 y ' x 3  0 y3  x3
dx

y 3 dy   x 3 dx integrate on both sides

3 3
 y dy    x dx  c *
1 y4   1 x4  c *
4 4

y 4   x 4  c; c  4c *
Or x4  y4  c c is an arbitrary constant.
No. 3
dy
y '  sec 2 y  sec 2 y  1
dx cos 2 y

cos 2 ydy  dx integrate on both sides.

2
 cos ydy   dx  c *
 2 1  cos 2 y  dy   dx  c *
1

1 y  1 sin 2 y  x  c *
2 4

2 y  sin 2 y  4 x  c; c  4c * c is an arbitrary constant.

No. 4
dy
y ' sin 2x  y cos 2x sin 2x  y cos 2x
dx

dy
  cos 2x dx integrate on both sides.
y sin 2x

dy
    cos 2x dx  c *
y sin 2x

ln y  1 ln sin 2x  c * multiply both sides by 2

2
 2 ln y  ln sin 2x  2c *

ln y 2  ln sin 2x  2c *

2 ln sin 2x
e ln y  e  e 2c *

2
y  c sin 2x; c  e
No. 5
  2c* is an arbitrary constant.

dy
yy '36 x  0 y  36 x
dx

ydy  36 xdx  ydy  36 xdx  c *

y2
2
 18 x 2  c * y 2  36 x 2  c c  2c *
Or 36 x 2  y 2  c
No. 6
dy
y '  e 2 x 1 y 2  e 2 x 1 y 2
dx

dy
 e 2 x 1dx integrate on both sides.
y2

dy
   e 2 x 1dx  c *
y2

 1  1 e 2 x 1  c *  2  e 2 x 1  2c *
y 2 y

Or e 2 x 1  2  c  0
y c  2c * is an arbitrary constant.

No. 7
y
xy '  y  2 x 3 sin 2 divide both sides by x
x

y' 
y
 2 x 2 sin 2
y
Set
y
u y  xu y '  u  xu '
x x x

u  xu '  u  2 x 2 sin 2 u
xu '  2 x 2 sin 2 u u '  2 x sin 2 u
du
du  2 x sin 2 u  2 xdx integrate on both sides.
dx sin 2 u
 du
   2 xdx  c
sin 2 u

y
 cot u  x 2  c restore u
x

y y
 cot  x2  c Or x 2  cot c 0
x x

No. 8
dv
y'   y  4x  2 Set y  4 x  v y '4  v ' y '  dx
4

dv  4  v2 dv  v2  4
dx dx

dv
 dx
v2 4

1 dv
dv
 2   dx  c * 
4
1 v 2 1
  dx  c *
v 4
4

1 arctan 1 v  x  c*
2 2

arctan 1 v  2 x  c; c  2c *
2
1v
2
 tan  2 x  c  v  2 tan  2 x  c  restore v  y  4 x

 y  4 x   2 tan 2 x  c 
No. 9
xy '  y 2  y divide both sides by x
y2 y y2 y y
y'    x Set x
 u , y  xu, y '  u  xu '
x x x 2 x

u  xu '  xu 2  u xu '  xu 2 u'  u 2

du
 dx integrate on both sides
u2

du
   dx  c
u2

1  xc y
u restore u
x

1  x  c
y
x

x x x c 0
 xc Or
y y

No. 10
 xy '  x  y divide both sides by x
y y
y'  1 
x
Set x
 u , y  xu , y '  u  xu '

u  xu '  1  u xu '  1

du  1 dx integrate on both sides

x

dx
 du   x  c

y
u  ln x  c restore u
x

y
 ln x  c y  x ln x  cx
x

No. 11
dy dy
xy ' y  0 xy '   y x  y   dx
dx y x

dy
    dx  c *
y x

ln y   ln x  c *

ln y  ln x ln 1
e e  c* e ln y
e x c*

yc1
x c  e c * This is the general solution.

From it and the initial condition, y  4   6

6  c c  24
4

24
The particular solution has y  x .

No. 12
y'  1  4 y 2

dy
 dx integrate on both sides
1 4 y 2

dy
   dx  c *
1 4 y 2

1 arctan 2 y  x  c * arctan 2 y  2 x  c, c  2c *
2
2 y  tan  2 x  c 
From the initial condition y 1  0
0  tan  2  c  0  2  c c  2
 The particular solution has 2 y  tan  2 x  2 .
No. 13
dy
y ' cosh 2 x  sin 2 y cosh 2 x  sin 2 y
dx

dy dx
 integrate on both sides
sin 2 y cosh 2 x

dy
   dx  c *
2
sin y cosh 2 x

 cot y  2  c *
1 e 2 x

cot y  2  c, c  c *
1 e 2 x

Then, insert the initial value, y  0   12 

cot   2  c  1 c 0  1  c, c  1
2 1 e 0

2x x x
We have P.S. cot y  2  1  1 e  e  e   tanh x
1 e 2 x 1 e 2 x e x e x
dx dx 4 dx
  
cosh 2 x 2 2
Remark  e x e x



 e x  e  x 
 
 2 
 

Set e x  u , dx  e  x du  du
u

4 du  4 du  4 du
 2 2 2
u  u  1   2 
u  u 1 
 u 2 1
 u  u   
  u

 4udu  2  2
2  u 2 1  e 2 x 1
 u 2 1
     

No. 14
dr dt  2tr
dr r  2tdt

 dr r    2tdt  c
ln r  t 2  c
Insert the initial value, r  0   ro
ln ro  0  c  c
We have P.S. ln r  t 2  ln ro
2
Or ln r  t 2 r  et r  ro e  t
2
ro ro

No. 15
 y '  4 x y ydy  4 xdx

 ydy    4 xdx  c *
1 y2  2 x 2  c *
2
1 y2  2 x 2  c * y 2  4 x 2  c; c  2c *
2
Insert the initial value, y  2   3
3 2  4  2 2  c 9  16  c c  25
We have P.S. y 2  4 x 2  25 Or 4 x 2  y 2  25

No. 16
y '   x  y  2 2
Set v  x  y  2 v'  1  y ' y '  v '1

v '1  v 2 v'  v 2  1
dv  v2 1
dx

dv
   dx  c
v 2 1

arctan v  x  c v  tan  x  c  restore v  x  y  2

x  y  2  tan  x  c 
Insert the initial value, y  0  2
0  2  2  tan c 0  tan c c  0
The particular solution is x  y  2  tan x Or y  2  x  tan x
No. 17
xy '  y  3 x 4 cos 2  y / x  , y 1  0
Set u  y / x y  xu

y' 
dy
dx
 u  x du
dx
代入原式  dx

x u  x du  y  3 x 4 cos 2 u

xu  x 2 du  xu  3 x 4 cos 2 u x 2 du  3 x 4 cos 2 u
dx dx

du  3 x 2 cos 2 u
du
 3 x 2 dx
dx cos 2 u

2 2
 sec udu   3 x dx  c tan u  x 3  c

y y
Restore u tan  x3  c
x x

Insert the initial value x  1, y  0 tan 0  1  c c  1

y
The particular solution is tan  x3  1
x

No. 18
No. 19
dy
dt
 ky y  t  is the amount of yeast at time t, k is the reaction constant.

y  t   ce kt
Set y  0   y o  c y  t   yo e kt
Set y 1  yo e k  2 yo e k  2

At 2
 
t  2, y  2   yo e 2k  yo e k  2 2 yo  4 yo

At t  4  4  yo  2 4  16 yo
y  4   y o e 4 k  yo e k

No. 20
dy
 k1 y y  t  is the amount of yeast at time t, k1 is the birth-rate constant.
dt

dy
dt
 k 2 y k 2 is death-rate constant.

dy
  k1  k 2  y
dt

y  t   ce k1  k 2  t

 i  If k1  k 2 y  t  always increasing
 ii  If k1  k 2 y  t  is increasing until diminish.
 iii  If k1  k 2 y  t  keeps constant.
No. 21
Refer to Example 4 in this section
y  y o e kt , k  0.0001213
y
When t = 3,000 years  e kt  e  0.0001213  3000  e  0.3639  0.69496  69.50%
yo

No. 22
dv
 a dv  adt assume v is the velocity and a is the acceleration.
dt

 dv   adt  c
v  at  c
at t1, v1  at1  c
at t2, v2  at 2  c
 v 2  v1  a t 2  t1 
As v1  103 m / sec, v 2  10 4 m / sec and t 2  t1  10 3 sec
4 3
a  10 10  9  10 6 m / sec 2
10  3

v1  v 2  t  t    10 3 10 4 10  3  5.5m

Traveling distance d    2 1
 2   2 
No. 23
dV
 V
dp p

dV dp
   c*
V p

ln V   ln p  c  ln 1  c *
p

V  c ; c  e c*
p
No. 24
Set y  t  as the amount of salt in the tank at time t.
dy y y
 2  
dt 400 200

1
G.S. y  t   ce  200 t

The initial condition y  0  100 c  100

1
P. S. y  t   100e  200 t

At t＝1 hrs＝60 mins

 60
y  t   100e 200  74.08  lb 

No. 25

 k  T  T A 
dT dT
  kdt TA=22 ℃
dt T T A

ln T  T A  kt  c * T  T A  ce kt ; c  e c*
T  T A  ce  kt
At t  0 , T  5 o C 5  22  ce 0 c  17
Particular sol. T  22  17e  kt
At t  1 , T  12 12  22  17e  k k  0.5306
1  21.9  22 
If T  21.9 o C , t
0.5306
ln
17
 9.58 min

No. 26
 y '   Ay ln y

dy dy
  Ay ln y   Adx
dx y ln y

dy

y ln y
  A dx (1)

dy dy
Set u  ln y du 
y

y ln y
  du  ln u  ln ln y
u

(1) becomes ln ln y   Ax  c *

Then ln y  ce  Ax
c  e c*
If A  0 , y declines.
If A  0 , y grows.
If A  0 , y keeps constant.
No. 27
Guess: The survived moisture is 1  0.99  0.01

 12  6  0.015625  12  7  0.0078125
0.0078125  0.01  0.015625
The time needed is between 60 and 70 mins.
dy
y'    ky
dt

1y
y  y o e  kt and at t  10, y  2 o

1  e 10k ln 1  10k k  1 ln 2  0.06932

2 2 10

y  y o e 0.06932t
As the dryer will have lost 99 % of its moisture i.e., y  0.01 y o
0.01  e 0.06932t ln 0.01  0.06932t

t  ln 100  66.434 min

0.06932

No.28
Refer to Prob. 27
No. 29

 k  T  T A 
dT dT
  kdt TA is the ambient temperature.
dt T T A

ln T  T A  kt  c * T  T A  ce kt ; c  e c* c is the water temperature at t=0 when Jack

go into the bar.
 Assume the ambient temperature is To  60 and t1 when Jack was arrested
190  60  ce  kt o 130  ce  kt o (1)

110  60  ce  k  t o  30  50  ce  k  t o  30 (2)

1
 2   2. 6  e
30 k k  0.0319

If t o  30 min as claimed by Jack

From (1) c  338 o F It is impossible for water temperature above the boiled temperature 212
℉.
These results do not give Jack an alibi.
No. 30
dv
dt
 a  g  7t dv  7tdt

 dv   7tdt  c

v  7 t2  c
2

At t=0, v=0 thus c=0. v  7 t2

2

At t=10, v  7 t 2  350m / s
2

10 10
d1  t  0 vdt  t  0 7 t 2 dt  7  t 3  7  103  1167 m
2 6 6

350
The duration between the engine cut out and the velocity decreases to zero is g

d 2  350  350  122500  6250m

2 g 2g

Total distance d1  d 2  1167  6250  7417 m

No. 31
Set the equation of the straight line with slope of m as y  mx

 
The intersect point y '  g y x  g  m  g  m  is a constant.

No. 32
3
Force normal to the slide surface N  W cos 30 
2
W

3
Friction F   N  0 .2
2
W  0.1 3W

Driving force along the slide Fs  W sin 30  12 W

 Net force along the slide Fn  Fs  F  12 W  0.1 3W

In this case, W  45 nt , equivalent acceleration g  9.8m / s 2

Acceleration a     
1 g  0.1 3 g  1  0.1 3 g  1  0.1 3  9.8  3.20m / s 2
2 2 2

t t 1 at 2
If length of the slide is S and time to reach the end is t, S  t  0 vdt  t  0 atdt  2

S  10 m , a  3.20m / s 2 , thus t  2.5 s

t
The velocity at the end v  t  0 adt  at  3.2  2.5  8 m / s

No. 33
dS  0.15 d  C *
S  0.15S dS  0.15Sd S 
ln S  0.15  C*, S eC*e0.15  Ce0.15  Soe0.15
1 ln 1000  46.0517 46.0517  7.32936 times
When S = 1000 So, e 0.15 =1000  
0.15 2