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    How To Write Each Chapter

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    Mik Zeid
    This document provides guidance on writing each chapter of a research paper, including preliminary pages, the introduction, problem statement, objectives, scope, methodology, theoretical framework, literature review, results and discussion, findings conclusions and recommendations, references, and citations. It describes the basic components and purpose of each section to ensure the paper is logically organized and addresses all necessary elements of the research process.

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    How To Write Each Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Mik Zeid
    38 views2 pages
    This document provides guidance on writing each chapter of a research paper, including preliminary pages, the introduction, problem statement, objectives, scope, methodology, theoretical framework, literature review, results and discussion, findings conclusions and recommendations, references, and citations. It describes the basic components and purpose of each section to ensure the paper is logically organized and addresses all necessary elements of the research process.

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    How to Write Each Chapter

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    This document provides guidance on writing each chapter of a research paper, including preliminary pages, the introduction, problem statement, objectives, scope, methodology, theoretical framework, literature review, results and discussion, findings conclusions and recommendations, references, and citations. It describes the basic components and purpose of each section to ensure the paper is logically organized and addresses all necessary elements of the research process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    38 views2 pages

    How To Write Each Chapter

    Uploaded by

    Mik Zeid
    This document provides guidance on writing each chapter of a research paper, including preliminary pages, the introduction, problem statement, objectives, scope, methodology, theoretical framework, literature review, results and discussion, findings conclusions and recommendations, references, and citations. It describes the basic components and purpose of each section to ensure the paper is logically organized and addresses all necessary elements of the research process.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    How to write each chapter

    Preliminary Pages
    • Preliminary Pages, include: 1. An ABSTRACT is a short summary of your completed research. If done
    well, it makes the reader want to learn more about your research. You should write it before submitting,
    and include it at the start of the article. 2. Table of Contents (indicating major chapters & pages) 3.
    Acknowledgment (optional)
    Basic components of an abstract
    1) Motivation/problem statement: Why do we care about the problem? What practical, scientific,
    theoretical or artistic gap is your research filling? 2) Methods/procedure/approach: What did
    you actually do to get your results? (e.g. analyzed 3 cases, completed a series of legislation,
    interviewed 17 practitioners) 3) Results/findings/product: As a result of completing the above
    procedure, what did you learn/invent/create? 4) Conclusion/implications: What are the larger
    implications of your findings, especially for the problem/gap identified in step 1?
    Chapter I -The Problem and its Scope
    •Introduction (includes Background and Rationale of the Study) •Statement of the Problem/Objectives
    of the Study •Thesis Statement •Scope and Limitation (Can include Assumptions) •Research
    Methodology •Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks (Objective analyses of the problem or topic)
    •Definition of Terms
    Introduction
    •Present the problem – what the problem is all about, i.e., an unsatisfactory condition, a felt problem
    that needs a solution •Cite the reason(s) why it is necessary to conduct the study •Provide the historical
    background of the research problem •Provide your perspectives as a writer – e.g., your desire to
    understand a particular situation, to find an improvement of a current situation, to discover something
    •For anthropological and economic studies, provide geographical conditions of the locality of the study
    •Provide a link between the introduction and why the researcher conducted the study
    Introduction
    •Explain the rationale, timeliness and/or relevance of the study to existing conditions/problems
    •Provide possible solutions to the problems •Show who will be the ones to benefit and how they will
    benefit •Explain how it contributes to the body of knowledge •Provide possible implications (i.e.,
    discovering causes of the problem, effects and remedial measures)
    Statement of the Problem
    •General Statement of the problem •Specific questions or subproblems (Objectives of the Study)
    Thesis Statement
    •Expressly write down your hypothesis and assumptions here, if any.
    Scope and Limitations of the Study
    •Briefly state general purpose of the study, subject matter and topics studied and/or discussed •Explain
    locale of the study (where the data were gathered or institution which the data belong to) •Provide
    population or universe from which the respondents were selected •Provide the period of the study
    (time when data were gathered) •Limitations include factors beyond the control of the researcher
    Research Methodology
    •Explain briefly the method of research used, the procedure, its appropriateness and advantages
    •Descriptive method – a fact-finding study with adequate interpretation of findings. It describes what
    actually exists •Explains the method of collecting data and development of the questionnaire or other
    instrument •Sampling design – how researcher selected the sample •Statistical treatment of the data, if
    needed
    Theoretical Framework
    •This is the central theme, the focus and main thrust of the study. •Serves as a guide in conducting the
    investigation •The theoretical scheme for the research problem, that is, a tentative explanation of the
    problem that serves as the basis for the formulation of the hypothesis. •Consists of researcher’s
    hypothesis (own position) after exposure to various theories that have bearing on the problem. •Its
    roots must be based on previous models which the researcher had studied.
    Conceptual Framework
    •From the review of related literature and studies, the researcher shall formulate a theoretical scheme
    for the research problem. •Briefly stated, the conceptual framework for a research problem on for e.g.,
    assessment of the juvenile justice program can be based on the following variables: qualifications of the
    social workers, effectiveness of methods and strategies to rehabilitate minor offenders, adequacy of
    facilities, and adequacy of the government policies. •Paradigm is the diagrammatic representation of a
    conceptual framework
    Definition of Terms
    Provide all terms that need to be defined Define operational terms only
    Chapter II -Review of Related Literature
    •Cite materials that are recent, objective or unbiased, and relevant to the study. •It must not be too few
    but not too many •Discuss related literature: •By author •By topic (provide a summary of opinions) •By
    chronological order •Only major findings, ideas, generalizations, principles or conclusions in related
    materials relevant to the problem must be cited. •These are summarized, paraphrased or synthesized.
    •Provide justification of the study – apply to this locality, affirm or negate existing findings, show how it
    contributes to the body of knowledge
    Chapter III -Results & Discussion
    •Breaking the general problem to specific questions and analyzing each one. •Classifying data according
    to kind, quantity, geographical location, and chronological order of occurrence. •Group-derived
    generalizations – when analyzing research data, you form inferences, interpretations, conclusions
    and/or generalizations from the collected data. •Present or organize data into logical, sequential and
    meaningful categories and classifications thru 3 ways of presenting data: textual, tabular, and graphical
    presentations. •Discuss the summary of the implications of the findings: existence of a condition,
    probable cause of the condition, probable effect, measure to remedy the condition, or entity involved or
    affected.
    Chapter IV -Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations •Summarize findings and whole thesis, make
    generalizations in the form of conclusions and recommendations for solutions of problems. •For
    Summary of Findings: •Make a brief statement about the main purpose of the study, method of
    research, etc. •Provide findings for each specific question •No deduction, nor inference nor
    interpretation should be made •Only important findings, highlights of data should be included •No new
    data should be introduced
    •For Conclusions •Make inferences, deductions, implications, interpretations, generalizations based
    upon the findings •Answer the specific questions raised •Point out what were factually learned from the
    study •Should be brief and short yet they convey all necessary information •Should not be repetitions of
    any statement anywhere in the thesis but they may be recapitulations if necessary but worded
    differently but convey the same information
    •For Recommendations •These aim to solve or help solve problems discovered in the study (i.e., action
    oriented) •Can be recommendation for continuance of good practice or its improvement •Aim for the
    ideal but should be feasible, practical and attainable •Should be logical and valid •Should be addressed
    to entities that will implement them •Should recommend for further research to verify, amplify or
    negate the findings of the study
    References cited
    •Use of APA format •An alphabetical list of all books, magazine articles, and other publications that have
    been used in writing the paper. •Shows the quality of the research as well as guide for the work of other
    researchers. •This should appear at the end of the paper •Put the entries in alphabetical order
    according to authors, last name first (if no author is given, alphabetize the entry by its title; if the author
    is used in another entry use a long dash for his name). It is not necessary to number the entries •Do not
    mention page number of books; but for magazine articles, give the pages covered by the article.
    Citations
    •Cite your sources throughout and provide your references or bibliography at the end. •The two
    manuals used as a guide to cite Philippine legal information are: –The University of the Philippines'
    Philippine Manual of Legal Citations by Myrna S. Feliciano (5th ed. 1999) and –The Supreme Court's
    Manual of Judicial Writing (2005) (http://elibrary.supremecourt.gov.ph).

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