Cloud Computing 2010

CONTENTS
1. Introduction 2
2. Key Charectoristics 3
3. What is Cloud platform 4
a. Saas
b. Attached services
c. Cloud platforms
d. Haas 5
4. What is Cloud computing? 7

5. Different levels of cloud computing

a. Software as a Service
b. Platform as a Service
c. Infrastructure as a Service
d. Hardware aa a sexe
6 Architecture implications and principles 9
a. Business Architecture
b. Application Architecture
c. Technology Architecture

7. Implementing cloud computing 10

d. Private clouds
e. Public clouds
f. Hybrid clouds

8. Case Study of Cloud Services 12

9 Cloud operating System

10. Cloud Protocol 12

11 . Cherrypal CloudComputer 20

12 . IBM Blue Cloud 20

13. Advantages and Disadvantages 21

14 . Conclusion 22

15. Reference 23

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 1

 Cloud Computing 2010

1. Introduction
Cloud computing is Internet-based computing, whereby shared resources, software and
information are provided to computers and other devices on-demand, like electricity.

Computing is being transformed to a model consisting of services that are

commoditized and delivered in a manner similar to traditional utilities such as water,
electricity, gas, and telephony. In such a model, users access services based on their
requirements without regard to where the services are hosted or how they are
delivered. Several computing paradigms have promised to deliver this utility computing
vision and these include cluster computing, Grid computing, and more recently Cloud
computing. The latter term denotes the infrastructure as a “Cloud” from which
businesses and users are able to access applications from anywhere in the world on
demand. Thus, the computing world is rapidly transforming towards developing
software for millions to consume as a service, rather than to run on their individual
computers.
At present, it is common to access content across the Internet independently
without reference to the underlying hosting infrastructure. This infrastructure consists
of data centers that are monitored and maintained around the clock by content
providers. Cloud computing is an extension of this paradigm wherein the capabilities of
business applications are exposed as sophisticated services that can be accessed over a
network. Cloud service providers are incentivized by the profits to be made by charging
consumers for accessing these services. Consumers, such as enterprises, are attracted
by the opportunity for reducing or eliminating costs associated with “in-house”
provision of these services. However, since cloud applications may be crucial to the core
business operations of the consumers, it is essential that the consumers have
guarantees from providers on service delivery. Typically, these are provided through
Service Level Agreements (SLAs) brokered between the providers and consumers.
Providers such as Amazon, Google, Salesforce, IBM, Microsoft, and Sun
Microsystems have begun to establish new data centers for hosting Cloud computing
applications in various locations around the world to provide redundancy and ensure
reliability in case of site failures. Since user requirements for cloud services are varied,
service providers have to ensure that they can be flexible in their service delivery while
keeping the users isolated from the underlying infrastructure. Recent advances in
microprocessor technology and software have led to the increasing ability of
commodity hardware to run applications within Virtual Machines (VMs) efficiently. VMs
allow both the isolation of applications from the underlying hardware and other VMs,
and the customization of the platform to suit the needs of the end-user. Providers can
expose applications running within VMs, or provide access to VMs themselves as a
service (e.g. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud) thereby allowing consumers to install their
own applications. While convenient, the use of VMs gives rise to further challenges such
as the intelligent allocation of physical resources for managing competing resource
demands of the users.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 2

 Cloud Computing 2010

2.Key Characteristics
 Cost is greatly reduced and capital expenditure is converted to operational expenditure. This
lowers barriers to entry, as infrastructure is typically provided by a third-party and does not
need to be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks. Pricing on a
utility computing basis is fine-grained with usage-based options and minimal or no IT skills
are required for implementation.
 Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser
regardless of their location or what device they are using, e.g., PC, mobile. As infrastructure
is off-site (typically provided by a third-party) and accessed via the Internet the users can
connect from anywhere.
 Multi-tenancy enables sharing of resources and costs among a large pool of users, allowing
for:
 Centralization of infrastructure in areas with lower costs (such as real estate, electricity,
etc.)
 Peak-load capacity increases (users need not engineer for highest possible load-levels)
 Utilization and efficiency improvements for systems that are often only 10-20% utilized.
 Reliability improves through the use of multiple redundant sites, which makes it suitable for
business continuity and disaster recovery. Nonetheless, most major cloud computing
services have suffered outages and IT and business managers are able to do little when they
are affected.
 Scalability via dynamic ("on-demand") provisioning of resources on a fine-grained, self-
service basis near real-time, without users having to engineer for peak loads. Performance is
monitored and consistent and loosely-coupled architectures are constructed using web
services as the system interface.
 Security typically improves due to centralization of data, increased security-focused
resources, etc., but raises concerns about loss of control over certain sensitive data. Security
is often as good as or better than traditional systems, in part because providers are able to
devote resources to solving security issues that many customers cannot afford. Providers
typically log accesses, but accessing the audit logs themselves can be difficult or impossible.
 Sustainability comes about through improved resource utilization, more efficient systems,
and carbon neutrality. Nonetheless, computers and associated infrastructure are major
consumers of energy.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 3

 Cloud Computing 2010

3.What is a cloud platform?

The coming shift to cloud computing is a major change in our industry. One of the
most important parts of that shift is the advent of cloud platforms. As its name suggests,
this kind of platform lets developers write applications that run in the cloud, or use
services provided from the cloud, or both. Different names are used for this kind of
platform today, including on-demand platform and platform as a service (PaaS).
Whatever it’s called, this new way of supporting applications has great potential.
To see why, think about how application platforms are used today. When a
development team creates an on-premises application (i.e., one that will run within an
organization), much of what that application needs already exists. An operating system
provides basic support for executing the application, interacting with storage, and more,
while other computers in the environment offer services such as remote storage. If the
creators of every on-premises application first had to build all of these basics, we’d have
many fewer applications today.
Similarly, if every development team that wishes to create a cloud application must
first build its own cloud platform, we won’t see many cloud applications. Fortunately,
vendors are rising to this challenge, and a number of cloud platform technologies are
available today. The goal of this overview is to categorize and briefly describe those
technologies as they’re seen by someone who creates enterprise applications.

Cloud platform in context: Three kinds of cloud services:

To get a grip on cloud platforms, it’s useful to start by looking at cloud services in
general. As Figure 1 shows, services in the cloud can be grouped into three broad
categories. Those categories are:
Software as a service (SaaS): A SaaS application runs entirely in the cloud
(that is, on servers at an Internet-accessible service provider). The on-premises

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 4

 Cloud Computing 2010
client is typically a browser or some other simple client. The most well-known
example of a SaaS application today is probably Salesforce.com, but many, many
others are also available.
Attached services: Every on-premises application provides useful functions
on its own. An application can sometimes enhance these by accessing application-
specific services provided in the cloud. Because these services are usable only by
this particular application, they can be thought of as attached to it. One popular
consumer example of this is Apple’s iTunes: The desktop application is useful for
playing music and more, while an attached service allows buying new audio and
video content. Microsoft’s Exchange Hosted Services provides an enterprise
example, adding cloud-based spam filtering, archiving, and other services to an on-
premises Exchange server.
Cloud platforms: A cloud platform provides cloud-based services for creating
applications. Rather than building their own custom foundation, for example, the
creators of a new SaaS application could instead build on a cloud platform. As Figure
1 shows, the direct users of a cloud platform are developers, not end users.
Hardware as a service: In Cloud computing the user can access the
hardware resources from the cloud service provider with a rent basis. Thus we can
convert the minimal configured computer into super computer

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 5

 Cloud Computing 2010

4.What is cloud computing?

Cloud Computing refers to both the applications delivered as services over the
Internet and the hardware and systems software in the datacenters that provide those
services. The services themselves have long been referred to as Software as a Service
(SaaS), so we use that term. The datacenter hardware and software is what we will call a
Cloud.
When a Cloud is made available in a pay-as-you-go manner to the public, it is
called a Public Cloud; the service being sold is Utility Computing. Current examples of
public Utility Computing include AmazonWeb Services, Google AppEngine, and
Microsoft Azure. The term Private Cloud to refer to internal datacenters of a business or
other organization that is not made available to the public. Thus, Cloud Computing is the
sum of SaaS and Utility Computing, but does not normally include Private Clouds. Figure
2 shows the roles of the people as users or providers of these layers of Cloud
Computing.
From a hardware point of view, three aspects are new in Cloud Computing
1. The illusion of infinite computing resources available on demand, thereby
eliminating the need for Cloud Computing users to plan far ahead for provisioning;
2. The elimination of an up-front commitment by Cloud users, thereby allowing
companies to start small and increase hardware resources only when there is an
increase in their needs; and
3. The ability to pay for use of computing resources on a short-term basis as
needed (e.g., processors by the hour and storage by the day) and release them as
needed, thereby rewarding conservation by letting machines and storage go when they
are no longer useful.

Figure 2 roles of the people as users or providers

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 6

 Cloud Computing 2010

5.Different Levels of Cloud Computing

Cloud computing is typically divided into three levels of service offerings:
Software as a Service (SaaS), Platform as a Service (PaaS), and Infrastructure as a
service (IaaS). These levels support virtualization and management of differing levels of
the solution stack.

Figure 4

a. Software as a Service
A SaaS provider typically hosts and manages a given application in their own
data center and makes it available to multiple tenants and users over the Web. Some

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 7

 Cloud Computing 2010
SaaS providers run on another cloud provider’s PaaS or IaaS service offerings. Oracle
CRM On Demand, Salesforce.com, and Netsuite are some of the well known SaaS
examples.

b. Platform as a Service
Platform as a Service (PaaS) is an application development and deployment
platform delivered as a service to developers over the Web. It facilitates development
and deployment of applications without the cost and complexity of buying and
managing the underlying infrastructure, providing all of the facilities required to
support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services
entirely available from the Internet. This platform consists of infrastructure software,
and typically includes a database, middleware and development tools. A virtualized and
clustered grid computing architecture is often the basis for this infrastructure software.
Some PaaS offerings have a specific programming language or API. For example, Google
AppEngine is a PaaS offering where developers write in Python or Java. EngineYard is
Ruby on Rails. Sometimes PaaS providers have proprietary languages like force.com
from Salesforce.com and Coghead, now owned by SAP.

c. Infrastructure as a Service
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is the delivery of hardware (server, storage and
network), and associated software (operating systems virtualization technology, file
system), as a service. It is an evolution of traditional hosting that does not require any
long term commitment and allows users to provision resources on demand. Unlike PaaS
services, the IaaS provider does very little management other than keep the data center
operational and users must deploy and manage the software services themselves--just
the way they would in their own data center. Amazon Web Services Elastic Compute
Cloud (EC2) and Secure Storage Service (S3) are examples of IaaS offerings.
d. Hardware as a service

Using the hardware resources and Processing power online is called Hardware as a
service.Think that there are 100 employees in client company and they were doing a
work which requires high storage area,memory and processing power then the client
company has to investigate a large amount of money for that and if these large
resources are not needed for the company in future it is burden to the company,then
there is the need of the HaaS,In which the company uses the resources of the Cloud
Provider in payment base and after that use the resources are given back to the Cloud
Provider

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 8

 Cloud Computing 2010

6. Architecture Implications and Principles

To take full advantage of the benefits of Cloud computing, there are a number of
architectural implications that should be observed.

a. Business Architecture
Cloud offers unprecedented control in allocating resources dynamically to meet
the changing needs of a business. This is only effective when the businesses service level
objectives have been clearly articulated and guide the cloud’s enterprise management
layer. Application performance metrics and SLAs must be carefully documented and
monitored for an effective cloud deployment.
To maximize the distributed capabilities afforded by clouds, business processes
should identify areas where asynchronous or parallel processes can be used.
Key Business Architectural Principles
• Business Alignment, Cost Optimization
• Compliance with Laws and Regulations
• Business Agility
• Minimize Cost

b. Application Architecture
Application services should abstract resource allocation and avoid the tight
binding of its resources to invokers of the service. Dependencies on static references to
infrastructure (for example, storage, servers, network resources), as well as tightly
coupled interfaces to dedicated systems, should be avoided.
To take advantage of the cloud’s scalability capabilities, applications should take
advantage of distributed application design and utilize multi-threading wherever
possible. Applications should leverage distributed locking, GUID generation, and
integration layers to provide the greatest flexibility in deploying on a cloud.
Key Application Architectural Principles
• Technology Independence, Adherence to Standards
• Common Development Methodology
• Loosely coupled Interfaces.

c. Information Architecture
Cloud computing offers the potential to utilize information anywhere in the
cloud. This increases the complexity associated with meeting legal and regulatory
requirements for sensitive information. Employing an Information Asset Management
system provides the necessary controls to ensure sensitive information is protected and
meets compliance requirements. This is essential when considering public or hybrid
clouds as information may leave the confines of the data center, which may violate
certain legal and regulatory requirements for some organizations.
Key Information Architectural Principles

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 9

 Cloud Computing 2010
• Implement Information Lifecycle Management
• Regulatory and Legal Compliance
• Enforce Data Privacy.

d. Technology Architecture
Implementing Service Oriented Architectures (SOA) provides the most effective
means of leveraging the capabilities of cloud computing. SOAs distributed nature,
service encapsulation; defined service level objectives, virtualized interfaces, and
adherence to open standards align with Cloud’s architectural requirements.
Cloud’s highly distributed nature requires a more robust security management
infrastructure. Implementing federated identity hubs and defined communication zones
are typically required for cloud deployments to control access across multiple cloud
nodes--especially when those nodes exist outside the organization.
Cloud infrastructures simplify the deployment of grid application servers which
offer improved scalability and disaster recovery.

Key Technology Architectural Principles

• Control Technical Diversity
• Adherence to Standards
• Scale Capacity and availability to satisfy Business Objectives
• Virtualize dependencies to hardware and software
• Unified Security Infrastructure.

7.Implementing cloud computing

All of the architectural and organizational considerations mentioned thus far
generally apply to all implementations of a cloud infrastructure. As we focus on building
the cloud, a number of models have been developed for deploying a cloud
infrastructure.

a. Private Clouds
In a private cloud, the infrastructure for implementing the cloud is controlled
completely by the enterprise. Typically, private clouds are implemented in the
enterprise’s data center and managed by internal resources.
A private cloud maintains all corporate data in resources under the control of the
legal and contractual umbrella of the organization. This eliminates the regulatory, legal
and security concerns associated with information being processed on third party
computing resources.
Currently, private clouds require Capital Expenditure and Operational
Expenditure as well as highly skilled labor to ensure that business services can be met.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 10

 Cloud Computing 2010
Larger enterprises may find it more economical to develop future state
architectures internally to deliver the benefits of cloud computing to internal
“subscribers.” This model is ideal for enterprises that are organized with a shared
services IT infrastructure. This is generally preferred among C level executives who
require that the corporate crown jewels are securely located in known locations and by
trusted staff.
The private cloud can also be used by existing legacy IT departments to
dramatically reduce their costs and as an opportunity to shift from a cost center to a
value center in the eyes of the business.

b. Public Clouds
In a public cloud, external organizations provide the infrastructure and
management required to implement the cloud. Public clouds dramatically simplify
implementation and are typically billed based on usage. This transfers the cost from a
capital expenditure to an operational expense and can quickly be scaled to meet the
organization’s needs. Temporary applications or applications with burst resource
requirements typically benefit from the public cloud’s ability to ratchet up resources
when needed and then scale them back when they are no longer needed. In a private
cloud, the company would need to provision for the worst case across all the
applications that share the infrastructure. This can result in wasted resources when
utilization is not at its peak.
Public clouds have the disadvantage of hosting your data in an offsite
organization outside the legal and regulatory umbrella of your organization. In addition,
as most public clouds leverage a worldwide network of data centers, it is difficult to
document the physical location of data at any particular moment. These issues result in
potential regulatory compliance issues which preclude the use of public clouds for
certain organizations or business applications.
Not all public cloud based applications can provide the necessary flexibility and
functionality needed by business users. For this reason, customers require the ability to
take preferred functionality from one cloud application and combine it with another,
creating a cloud based component application. This is still an emerging area of
development with some early companies, such as Cast Iron, providing integration of a
wide range of cloud based applications. Ultimately, many customers may decide that the
private cloud offers more flexibility and develop new applications themselves.

c. Hybrid Clouds
To meet the benefits of both approaches, newer execution models have been
developed to combine public and private clouds into a unified solution.
Applications with significant legal, regulatory or service level concerns for
information can be directed to a private cloud. Other applications with less stringent
regulatory or service level requirements can leverage a public cloud infrastructure.
Implementation of a hybrid model requires additional coordination between the
private and public service management system. This typically involves a federated
policy management tool, seamless hybrid integration, federated security, information
asset management, coordinated provisioning control, and unified monitoring systems.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 11

 Cloud Computing 2010

8.Case Study
1.Windows Azure
Windows Azure is a cloud services operating system that serves as the development,
service hosting and service management environment for the Windows Azure platform.
Windows Azure is the cloud services operating system that serves as the development,
service hosting, and service management environment for all the web applications we
see on the Internet, Enterprise. Windows Azure provides you on-demand compute &
storage to host, scale, and manage web applications and services on the internet in
Microsoft data centers. i.e. On-Demand, the capacity can be increased, or based on
Threshold triggers, capacity can be increased to meet-up the expected traffic with
optimal performance.e.g. For Bloggers: You can host your Wordpress blogging app-
service on the Cloud and capacity is Tuned dynamically. For Developers: You can run
Java, Perl, Ruby, PHP, .NET applications on the cloudAnalysis of different Cloud
Computing ServicesThe Windows Azure platform offers an intuitive, reliable and
powerful platform for the creation of web applications and services.Windows Azure is
an open platform that supports Microsoft and non-Microsoft languages and
environments. To build applications and services on Windows Azure, developers can
use their existing Microsoft Visual Studio expertise. In addition, Windows Azure
supports popular standards and protocols including SOAP, REST, XML, and PHP.

Features (as per Microsoft)

1. Computation

Ability to run Microsoft ASP.NET Web applications or .NET code in the cloud

Service hosting using IIS 7.0

Small runtime API that supports logging and local scratch storage

Web portal that helps you deploy, scale, and upgrade your services quickly and easily

FastCGI support allows customers to deploy and run web applications written with non-
Microsoft programming languages such as PHP, Java, and more

2. Data Storage

Blobs, tables, and queues hosted in the cloud, close to your computation

Authenticated access and triple replication to help keep your data safe

Easy access to data with simple REST interfaces, available remotely and from the data
center

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 12

 Cloud Computing 2010

3. Development Tools

Complete offline development environment, including computation and storage services

Complete command-line SDK tools and samples

Visual Studio add-in that enables local debugging

1. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2)

Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) is a web service that provides resizable
compute capacity in the cloud. It is designed to make web-scale computing easier for
developers.Amazon EC2’s simple web service interface allows you to obtain and
configure capacity with minimal friction. It provides you with complete control of your
computing resources and lets you run on Amazon’s proven computing environment.
Amazon EC2 reduces the time required to obtain and boot new server instances to
minutes, allowing you to quickly scale capacity, both up and down, as your computing
requirements change. Amazon EC2 changes the economics of computing by allowing
you to pay only for capacity that you actually use. Amazon EC2 provides developers the
tools to build failure resilient applications and isolate themselves from common failure
scenarios.

Amazon EC2 Functionality

Amazon EC2 presents a true virtual computing environment, allowing you to use web
service interfaces to launch instances with a variety of operating systems, load them
with your custom application environment, manage your network’s access permissions,
and run your image using as many or few systems as you desire.

To use Amazon EC2, you simply:

 Select a pre-configured, templated image to get up and running immediately. Or

create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) containing your applications, libraries,
data, and associated configuration settings.
 Configure security and network access on your Amazon EC2 instance.
 Choose which instance type(s) and operating system you want, then start,
terminate, and monitor as many instances of your AMI as needed, using the web
service APIs or the variety of management tools provided.
 Determine whether you want to run in multiple locations, utilize static IP
endpoints, or attach persistent block storage to your instances.
 Pay only for the resources that you actually consume, like instance-hours or data
transfer. Service Highlights

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 13

 Cloud Computing 2010

Service Highlights
 Elastic – Amazon EC2 enables you to increase or decrease capacity within
minutes, not hours or days. You can commission one, hundreds or even
thousands of server instances simultaneously. Of course, because this is all
controlled with web service APIs, your application can automatically scale itself
up and down depending on its needs.
 Completely Controlled – You have complete control of your instances. You have
root access to each one, and you can interact with them as you would any
machine. You can stop your instance while retaining the data on your boot
partition and then subsequently restart the same instance using web service
APIs. Instances can be rebooted remotely using web service APIs. You also have
access to console output of your instances.
 Flexible – You have the choice of multiple instance types, operating systems, and
software packages. Amazon EC2 allows you to select a configuration of memory,
CPU, instance storage, and the boot partition size that is optimal for your choice
of operating system and application. For example, your choice of operating
systems includes numerous Linux distributions, Microsoft Windows Server and
OpenSolaris.
 Designed for use with other Amazon Web Services – Amazon EC2 works in
conjunction with Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3), Amazon
SimpleDB and Amazon Simple Queue Service (Amazon SQS) to provide a
complete solution for computing, query processing and storage across a wide
range of applications.
 Reliable – Amazon EC2 offers a highly reliable environment where replacement
instances can be rapidly and predictably commissioned. The service runs within
Amazon’s proven network infrastructure and datacenters. The Amazon EC2
Service Level Agreement commitment is 99.95% availability for each Amazon
EC2 Region.
 Secure – Amazon EC2 provides numerous mechanisms for securing your
compute resources.
o Amazon EC2 includes web service interfaces to configure
firewall settings that control network access to and
between groups of instances.
o When launching Amazon EC2 resources within Amazon
Virtual Private Cloud (Amazon VPC), you can isolate your
compute instances by specifying the IP range you wish to
use, and connect to your existing IT infrastructure using
industry-standard encrypted IPsec VPN.
o For more information on Amazon EC2 security refer to our
Amazon Web Services: Overview of Security Process
document.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 14

 Cloud Computing 2010
 Inexpensive – Amazon EC2 passes on to you the financial benefits of Amazon’s
scale. You pay a very low rate for the compute capacity you actually consume.
See Amazon EC2 Instance Purchasing Options for a more detailed description.
 On-Demand Instances – On-Demand Instances let you pay for compute capacity
by the hour with no long-term commitments. This frees you from the costs and
complexities of planning, purchasing, and maintaining hardware and transforms
what are commonly large fixed costs into much smaller variable costs. On-
Demand Instances also remove the need to buy “safety net” capacity to handle
periodic traffic spikes.
 Reserved Instances – Reserved Instances give you the option to make a low, one-
time payment for each instance you want to reserve and in turn receive a
significant discount on the hourly usage charge for that instance. After the one-
time payment for an instance, that instance is reserved for you, and you have no
further obligation; you may choose to run that instance for the discounted usage
rate for the duration of your term, or when you do not use the instance, you will
not pay usage charges on it.
 Spot Instances – Spot Instances allow customers to bid on unused Amazon EC2
capacity and run those instances for as long as their bid exceeds the current Spot
Price. The Spot Price changes periodically based on supply and demand, and
customers whose bids meet or exceed it gain access to the available Spot
Instances. If you have flexibility in when your applications can run, Spot
Instances can significantly lower your Amazon EC2 costs. See here for more
details on Spot Instances.

Features
Amazon EC2 provides a number of powerful features for building scalable, failure
resilient, enterprise class applications, including:

 Amazon Elastic Block Store

 Multiple Locations
 Elastic IP Addresses
 Amazon Virtual Private Cloud
 Amazon CloudWatch.
 Auto Scaling Scaling
 Elastic Load Balancing
 High Performance Computing (HPC) Clusters

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 15

 Cloud Computing 2010

Pricing
Pay only for what you use. There is no minimum fee. Estimate your monthly bill using
AWS Simple Monthly Calculator. The prices listed are based on the Region in which your
instance is running. For a detailed comparison between On-Demand Instances,
Reserved Instances and Spot Instances, see Amazon EC2 Instance Purchasing Options.

On-Demand Instances

On-Demand Instances let you pay for compute capacity by the hour with no long-term
commitments. This frees you from the costs and complexities of planning, purchasing,
and maintaining hardware and transforms what are commonly large fixed costs into
much smaller variable costs.

The pricing below includes the cost to run private and public AMIs on the specified
operating system (“Windows Usage” prices apply to both Windows Server® 2003 and
2008). Amazon also provides you with additional instances for Amazon EC2 running
Microsoft, Amazon EC2 running SUSE Linux Enterprise and Amazon EC2 running IBM
that are priced differently

2. Google Apps and App Engine

Google APPS
The Google apps Contains a collection of web based application programs.Instead of
installing a set of applications in a Computer System we can run these applications by
login into the google by using a web browser Communications tools like Gmail,Google
Talk, Google Map,Google Calender.And Productivity tools like Google page,Alert
Blog,Google Health,Note Book,Knol,Picasa,Orkut ,Google Transalate,You Tube for
sharing and watch videos

Google APP Engine

Google App Engine is a platform for developing and hosting web applications in Google-
managed data centers. It was first released as a beta version in April 2008.Google App
Engine is cloud computing technology. It virtualizes applications across multiple servers
and data centers.Other "cloud"-based platforms include offerings such as Amazon Web
Services and Microsoft's Azure Services Platform. AppEngine differs from services like
Amazon Web Services, though, in that AWS is Infrastructure as a Service while
AppEngine is Platform as a Service.

Google App Engine is free up to a certain level of used resources. Fees are charged for
additional storage, bandwidth, or CPU cycles required by the application.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 16

 Cloud Computing 2010
In Google Apps Engine it is the work place of the programmer. The Programmer Creates
the Program and load it into the server of the Google. Instead of maintaining any servers
and without any cost using the required amount of the data storage according to the
traffic a programmer creates the applications and the Programmer can distribute them
by uploading the programs in the appspot.com these applications can be downloaded
from anywhere in the world and we can provides these to the users with different
permission access.Now we can only perform program works on the python and in
future a lot of run time environments are available for this.The three user privilages in
the google apps engine are

 Creater
 Viewer
 Collaborator
3. Salesforce.com

Salesforce.com (NYSE: CRM) is a vendor of Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

solutions, which it delivers to businesses over the internet using the software as a service model

Origins

Salesforce.com was founded in 1999 by former Oracle executive Marc Benioff. In June
2004, the company went public on the New York Stock Exchange under the stock
symbol CRM. Initial investors in salesforce.com were Marc Benioff, Larry Ellison, Halsey
Minor, Magdalena Yesil and Igor Sill, Geneva Venture Partners.

Current status

Salesforce.com is headquartered in San Francisco, California, with regional

headquarters in Dublin (covering Europe, Middle East, and Africa), Singapore (covering
Asia Pacific less Japan), and Tokyo (covering Japan). Other major offices are in Toronto,
New York, London, Sydney, and San Mateo, California. Salesforce.com has its services
translated into 15 different languages and currently has 43,600 customers and over
1,000,000 subscribers. In 2008, Salesforce.com ranked 43rd on the list of largest
software companies in the world.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 17

 Cloud Computing 2010
Following the Federal takeover of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae in September 2008, the
S&P 500 removed the two mortgage giants after Wednesday, September 10, 2008, and
added Fastenal and Salesforce.com to the index, effective after Friday, September 12,
2008

Products and Services

Customer Relationship Management

Salesforce.com's CRM solution is broken down into several applications: Sales, Service &
Support, Partner Relationship Management, Marketing, Content, Ideas and Analytics.

Force.com Platform

Salesforce.com's Platform-as-a-Service product is known as the Force.com Platform. The

platform allows external developers to create add-on applications that integrate into
the main Salesforce application and are hosted on salesforce.com's infrastructure.

These applications are built using Apex (a proprietary Java-like programming language
for the Force.com Platform) and Visualforce (an XML-like syntax for building user
interfaces in HTML, AJAX or Flex).

AppExchange

Launched in 2005, AppExchange is a directory of applications built for Salesforce by

third-party developers which users can purchase and add to their Salesforce
environment. As of September 2008, there are over 800 applications available from
over 450 ISVs.

Customization

Salesforce users can customize their CRM application. In the system, there are tabs such
as "Contacts", "Reports", and "Accounts". Each tab contains associated information. For
example, "Contacts" has fields like First Name, Last Name, Email, etc.

Customization can be done on each tab, by adding user-defined custom fields.

Customization can also be done at the "platform" level by adding customized

applications to a Salesforce.com instance that is adding sets of customized / novel tabs
for specific vertical- or function-level (Finance, Human Resources, etc) features.

Web Services

In addition to the web interface, Salesforce offers a Web Services API that enables
integration with other systems

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 18

 Cloud Computing 2010

9.CLOUD (Operating System)

Cloud is a "browser based Operating system" created by 'Good OS LLC’, a Los Angeles-based
corporation. The company initially launched a Linux distribution called gOS which is based on
Ubuntu, now in its third incarnation

Browser and Operating System

Cloud is a combination of a simplified operating system that runs just a web browser,
providing access to a variety of web-based applications that allow the user to perform
many simple tasks without booting a full-scale operating system. Because of its
simplicity, Cloud can boot in just a few seconds. The operating system is designed for
Netbooks, Mobile Internet Devices, and PCs that are mainly used to browse the Internet.
From Cloud the user can quickly boot into the main OS, because Cloud continues
booting the main OS in the background.

Combining a browser with a basic operating system also allows the use of cloud
computing, in which applications and data "live and run" on the Internet instead of on
the hard drive.

Cloud can be installed and used together with other operating systems, or can act as a
standalone operating system. When used as a standalone operating system, hardware
requirements are relatively low.

At the moment Cloud is only officially available built into the GIGABYTE M912 Touch
Screen Netbook, but a Private Beta test is currently (early February, 2009)
running.Mozilla Firefox browser.

10.Cloud Protocol
Any web based applications requires a protocol .Cloud is a new technology then the web
protocols like HTTP and the SOAP(simple Object Access Protocol) does not support the Cloud
Computing in an efficient manner.Therefore we requires new protocols for the cloud computing.
Hence the future protocol for Cloud Computing is the XMPP or Jabber.The XMPP (Extensible
Messaging and Presence Protocol),It is real time communication open XML Technology .The
Architecture of XMPP contains the following attributes

 Instant Messaging
 Media Session Management
 Presented Shared Editing
 Collaboration
 Content Syndication

The face book Started to change their applications in Jabber.

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 19

 Cloud Computing 2010

11.CherryPal Cloud Computer

The CherryPal is billed as a cloud computer - basically, a PC that is powered by a low-power
Freescale processor, helping keep costs low and the overall size small. Of course, you do get the
other computing staples such as two USB ports, a monitor port, 4GB of flash storage and a
measly 256MB RAM. Good thing it runs on a tweaked version of embedded Linux though, as
even Windows XP would have brought this little computer to its knees. It takes just about 20
seconds to boot up, and thanks to the tri-core 400Mhz Freescale processor, it ain't no slouch
when it comes to performance. Don't expect Doom 3 to run on it anytime soon though. There is
no word on availability, but CherryPal has touted a dramatically low price tag - even lower than
the $400 Eee PC.

12. IBM Blue Cloud

The IBM Blue Cloud is a distributed Globally accessible collection of the computer
software resources .It works on the IBM open source platform and support.The IBM
conducts the studies for the Cloud Platform for the Governments and corparates.Power
and X86 Processors and Tiroli service management software are used for this
Purpose.They were started to for a new project named as System Z

13. Advantages & Disadvantages

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 20

 Cloud Computing 2010

a. Advantages
Hosting your information on an outsourced system (that is maintained by a
third-party) can really free up space and cut costs. With cloud hosting, you can

• Access your data at all times – not just while in the office.
• A physical storage center is no longer needed.
• Most have a pay structure that only calls for payment only when
used.
• Relieves burden on IT Professionals and frees up their time in the
office.
• Easily scalable so companies can add or subtract storage based on
their own needs.

b. Disadvantages
If you are going to move all of your information to data centers situated outside
your company, then security should be of utmost importance.

• Lost control comes with handing over your data and information.
• Depending on third-party to ensure the security and
confidentiality of data and information.
• If your cloud host disappears, where does your information go?

If you are a small business, or even a Fortune 500 company, cloud computing can
take a large expense and make it work for your budget. Funding the servers, software,
and information technology professionals can be a real burden and finding cost-efficient
means through cloud hosting can be very beneficial. With Amazon moving into the cloud
computing environment, everyone has access to what could be a major change in
business intelligence. Amazon’s Elastic Compute Cloud is a dedicated, high performance,
analytic database cluster that is open to businesses, on a pay-per-use scale, for a
monthly fee. This sounds like an excellent business deal, if you are prepared to hand
over your personal data an information

14.Conclusion
SIST Mangattuparamba Page 21
 Cloud Computing 2010
The Cloud Computing is the new technology that powers the users.There are many
seminars and debates are conducted on this topic,In Which the are many arguments are
supporting Cloud Computing and and somebody tells it is not a good one. There are
some arguments that the cloud computing is a grid computing,Whatever may be the
cloud computing is the combinations of more the one technologies.The Grid Computing
is that in which we use the wasting processing power of the Servers in that Grid or
Network ,that is it creates the virtual super Computers using the this wastage
Processing Power.We can use Effeciently this Grid Computing in Cloud Computing.The
other technology we use in the Cloud Computing is the Distributed Computing,in which
we collect the different tasks from the client and we converts it into different segments
and give it into different processing unit in the distributed enviornment.The Server
virtualization is another technology which is used in the backend servers and in the
Cloud.It hides the details like Servers identity,Processors,Operating System and the
Processing Power.The Server Administrator creates many isolated environments
virtual environments using a software applicatons or the user think that it is Virtual
Servers.The Server Virtualizations are available in three ways .Virtual Machine
Model,Para Virtual Model,Virtualization in Operating System Layer. And hence we can
see that Cloud Computing is the Combinations of different technologies.

The Cloud Computing Technology begans its growth and it would

became the technology of the future.If the Cloud Computing come into active then the
Software vendors to be search the new ways to sold their Software Products.

15. References
SIST Mangattuparamba Page 22
 Cloud Computing 2010

Websites
 . www.wikipedia.com
 www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality_1.html
 www.wiki.cloudcommunity.org/wiki/CloudComputing:Bill_of_Rights
 www.davidchappell.com/CloudPlatforms--Chappell. PDF
 www.amazon.com
 www.thinkgos.com/cloud/index.html
 www.salesforce.com
 www.google.com

Magazines
 Chip Computer Magazine, December 2008 - Feb 2009 Edition
 Infokairali Computer MagaZine

SIST Mangattuparamba Page 23