10 th CBSE (SESSION : 2015-16)

SUBJECT : SCIENCE
Pre-foundation Career Care Programmes (PCCP) Division SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT-II
SOLUTION _SET-2_ CODE NO. 31/2
SECTION # A
1. CH3–CH2––CH2––CH2–OH
Butan – 1 – Ol
2. Hermophrodite or Bisexual
e.g. Earthworm
3. Ozone depletion
4. given m = – 3
informations obtained
Image Real
Inverted (m is negative)
Magnified (|m| > 1)
Mirror concave mirror
5. Forest serves as the reservoir of biodiversity containing different species of plants, animals.
• Biodiversity : Biodiversity means the number of species found In given area. The species can be
fungis, plants ferns, insects, Birds etc.
6. Water Harvesting : It is the collection of run off rainwater for reuse on - site, rather then allowing it for run
off.
This technique helps in the conservation of water.
(i) Reduces demand on ground water
(ii) Reduce flood and soil eosion.
(iii) Suitable for irrigation.
7. 2CH3–CH2––OH + 2Na  2CH3 – CH2–ONa + H2
Ethanol 'X' Sodium ethoxide 'Y'
Conc. H2SO 4
CH3–CH2–OH     CH2=CH2 + H2O
'X' Ethene
8. C3H6O  (1) aldehyde  CH3–CH2–CHO
Propanal
(2) Ketone  CH3–C–CH3
O
Acetone
Both are functional group isomer because they have same molecular formula.
9. (a) Valence electron = 6
Valency = 2
(b) H2S
electron dot structure H S H
(c) sulphur
non metal
10. (i) Element Atomic No. configuration Periodic no. Group No.
nd
X 7 2,5 2 15th
nd
Y 8 2,6 2 16th
nd
Z 9 2,8 2 17th
(ii) X,Y,Z belong to 2nd period, new electron enters into same shell as a result nuclear force of attraction
increases and atomic radii decreases.
X>Y>Z
(iii) 7X = 2,5 valency = 3
9
Z = 2,7 valency = 1
When 'X'combines with 'Z' it will form XZ3 type compound.

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11. Reproduction is a process by which a living organism is able to produce more of its own kind.
(i) It provides stability stability to the population of species
(ii) It replenish the lost species of the population
(iii) It provide advantageous character to strugle for its survival.
Regenration : The ability of living organism to repair themselves or restore their lost part is called
regenration.
Regenration of Hydra : All body column cells are continuously undergoing mitosis. They migrate to the
extremities where they are eventually shed. Therefore, the Hydra is constantly regenerating.
12.
FISSION FRAGMENTATION
It is division produces two or more It is division where more than two cells are found
separate cells, species etc. depending upon the number of fragments.
which are Identical to each other

Cell are same in size & shape Cells do not have same size and Shape.

Occurs in unicellular organisms Occurs in multicellular organisms

e.g. Amoeba e.g. Amoeba
13. (a) (i) Progeny formed by sexual reproduction is the results of combination of the genetics material
from different individual.
(ii) Crossing over is the process occur during gametes production in which DNA is exchanged.
(b) (i) Pollen grain
(ii) Pollination
(iii) It provide pathway to pollen tube
(iv) Embryo formed after fertilization
14. Every species or organism has tendency for genetic variation which play important role in the origin of
new species and form basis for evolution.Classification involve organizing them in differentb groups based
on the similarities and differences of characterstics.It tells us about resemblances and relationship between
various organism facilitating studies or research. Classification of species a reflection of their evolutionary
relationship.Thus we can say that the area of study evulution and classification are interlinked.
15. Mendel”s experiment traits are inherited independently-
(i) When F1 Generation is self fertilized then various type of traits are seen in F2 generation.
(ii) In F2 generation, alleles get independently seperated from each other without contamination showing
their own traits.
(iii) Their traits show specific features when inherited to next generation.

A
E

F 2F
B
O B'
2F F
16.
A'

60 cm
Given m = –1, negative sign shows that image is real and inverted.
|m| = 1, it means that hi = ho

and this is only possible in convex lens.

object and image both will be at 2F
so, v = u
u = – 30 cm
v = + 30 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1  1   1 
    
f  30   30 
f = 15 cm

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 A'

A E

B' F B O F

Now, object is moved 20 cm towards the lens.

u = –10cm, v = ?, f = +15 cm

1 1 1 1 1 1 23
      v = – 30 cm
f v u v 15 10 30

17. Activity : For this experiment, two prisms P1 and P2 of the same material and of the same refracting angle
A are arranged as shown in figure. Sunlight from a narrow slit S falls on the first prism P1 with its base
downwards and gets dispersed into constituent colours (VIBGYOR) and the bending takes place down-
wards. Now this dispersed light falls on the second prism P2 with its base upwards so that it deviates the
light upwards.

A PRISM (P2)

R R
ITE v v SCREEN
WH T
H
LIG

PRISM (P1) A

It is found that the light coming out of the second prism P2 is almost white and is in direction parallel to the
direction of light incident on the first prism P1. In fact, the two prisms P1 and P2 combined together
effectively acts like a parallel sided glass slab. This shows that the prism P1 simply disperses the white
light into its constituent colours and the prism P2 recombines these colours to form white light. The prism
P1 is called dispersing-prism and the prism P2 is known as recombination-prism.
18. (a) It is neccessory to conserve environment for protecting our atmosphere and living habitat from
degradation.
(b) Green dust-bin contain biodegradable waste or compostable material waste from landfills.
(c) Spread awarness in people to save environment.
He is also working hard for preventing environmental degradation of the sorrounding.
19. (a) Principal fos focal length :
First principal focus and first focal length : It is a fixed point on the principal axis such that rays
starting from this point (in convex lens) or appearing to go towards this point (concave lens), after refraction
through the lens, become parallel to the principal axis. It is represented by F1 or f. The plane passing
through this point and perpendicular to the principal axis is called the first focal plane. The distance between
first principal focus and the optical centre is called the first focal length. It is denoted by f1 or f.

f

Figure : Ray diagram showing First principal focus

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 Second principal focus and second focal length : It is a fixed point on the principal axis such that the
light rays incident parallel to the principal axis, after refraction through the lens, either converge to this
point (in convex lens) or appear to diverge from this point (in concave lens). The plane passing through
this point and perpendicular to principal axis is called the second focal plane. The distance between the
second principal focus and the optical centre is called the second focal length. It is denoted by f2 or f.

Figure : Ray diagram showing Second principal focus

(b) Given : divergent lens (concave lens)
f = – 30 cm, v = –15 cm , u = ?, h0 = 5 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1  1
   
30 15  u 
u = – 30 cm
v hi
m= uh
o
hi = 2.5 cm G

A E

A'

(c) 2F B F B' O F

20. (i) f = –12 cm , range to obtain erect image  0 < u < 12

(ii) Image will be larger than object

(iii)

Given :
f = – 12 cm, u = –24 cm, v = ?
1 1 1
 
f v u
v = – 24 cm

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21. Atmospheric Refraction : The density of the atmosphere, as we know goes on decreasing as the
distance above the sea level increases. The refractive index of a layer of air at a particular level goes on
changing. Due to this change in density the refraction take place when light passes through the Earth
atmosphere, this phenomena is called as atmpspheric refraction.
(a) Twinkling of stars : On a clear night, you might have observed the twinkling of a star, which is due
to an atmospheric refraction of star light. The density of the atmosphere, as we know goes on
decreasing as the distance above the sea level increases. For the sake of simplicity, air can be
supposed to be made up of a very large number of layers whose density decreases with the distance
above the surface of the earth. Therefore, the light from a heavenly body, such as a star, goes on
gradually bending towards normal as it travels through the earth’s atmosphere. As the object is
always seen in the direction of the light reaching the observer’s eye, the star appears higher up in the
sky than its actual position. Further, the densities of the various layers go on varying due to the
convection currents set up in air by temperature differences. Thus, the refractive index of a layer of air
at a particular level goes on changing.
Due to these variations in the refractive indices of the various layers of air, the light from a star passing
through the atmospheric air changes its path from time to time and therefore, the amount of light
reaching the eye is not always the same. This increase or decrease in the intensity of light reaching the
eye results in the change in apparent position or twinkling of the star.
(b) Advanced sun-rise and delayed sun set : Due to the atmospheric refraction, the sun is visible
before actual sunrise and after actual sunset.

Apparent
Position
S of Sun

Atmosphere
Horizon

Observer

Actual
S Position
Earth
of Sun

Refraction effect at sunset and sunrise

With altitude, the density and hence refractive index of air-layers decreases. The light rays starting from
the sun S travel from rarer to denser layers. They bend more and more towards the normal. However, an
observer sees an object in the direction of the rays reaching his eyes. So to an observer standing on the
earth, the sun which is actually in a position below the horizon, appears in the position S’, above the
horizon. The apparent shift in the position of the sun is by about 0.50. Thus the sun appears to rise early
by about 2 minutes and for the same reason, it appears to set late by about 2 minutes. This increases the
length of the day by about 4 minutes.
22. • Placenta : It is physical barrier connecting the embryo from the mother womb to the uterine wall to
allow nutrient uptake, waste removal, etc.
• Structure : In human Placenta is 22 cm (9 inch) in length 2 - 2.5 cm in thickness, weight 500 grm.
it has a dark reddish - blue or crimson color . It is discoidal in shape.
• Functions : –Provide nutrition to embryo
– Helps in excretion.
– Provide Immunity to the foetus
23. Evolution is change in the heritable traits of biological populations over successive generation.It occurs
due to it occurs due to continued mutation of natural selection.
They provide gradual change in phenotype which respect to shape and size of organism which also
indicate adaptation with respect to changing environmental condition.
Defination of fossile : The remains or Impression pre-historic plant or animal embedded. In rock and
preserved in petrified form. Fossil provide the evidence that present animals and Plants have originated
from previously existed ones through the process of continous evolution. e.g. fossile of Archaeopteryx
shows characteristics both reptile and birds.
It shows that aves has emerged from phylum reptiles.

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24. Conc. H2SO 4
C2H5OH     CH2= CH2 + H2O
'P' 'Q'
ethanol ethene
Ni
CH2= CH2 + H2  C2H6
'R'
ethane
Combustion
2C2H6 + 7O2      4CO2+ 6H2O
'R'
SECTION # B

25. (d) 26. (a) 27. (b) 28. (a) 29. (d) 30. (c) 31. (c)
32. (a) 33. (d)

A Second principal focus

E

F B'

2F B F O 2F

34. 5 cm
First principal focus

A'
Optical centre

Given : Convex lens

f = + 10 cm, u = –15 cm , v = ?, ho = 2.5 cm
1 1 1
 
f v u
1 1  1 
   
10 v  15 
v = 30 cm
v hi
m= uh
o
hi = – 5 cm
35. CH3COOH + NaHCO3   CH3COONa + H2O + CO2 
Ethanoic acid Sodium bicarbonate Sodium acetate
When sodium bicarbonate is added to ethanoic acid a brisk effervescence due to evolution of CO2gas and
the temperature of flask increases.
36. The process is known as budding

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