Hydrochemical and Hydrogeological

Analysis Tools
v.4.0. released on 03/04/2017

Violeta Velasco1, Rotman Criollo1,2 , Enric Vázquez-Suñé1,

Alejandro Serrano-Juan1, Celia Riera1

1. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA),

CSIC, c/ Jordi Girona 18, 08034 - Barcelona (Spain)
2. Barcelona Cicle de l’Aigua, S.A. – Barcelona (Spain)
 DOCUMENTATION LICENSES

Please attribute FREEWAT

with a link to http://www.freewat.eu/

Unless otherwise specified,

these slides are licensed by
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License:
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

FREEWAT - Free and Open Source Software Tools for Water Resource Management
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
642224
 DATA LICENSES

Please attribute FREEWAT with a link to

http://www.freewat.eu/

Unless otherwise specified,

The data used in this tutorial is licensed by
The Open Database License:
http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/odbl/1.0/

Any rights in individual contents of the databases are licensed

by The Database Contents License:
http://opendatacommons.org/licenses/dbcl/1.0/
FREEWAT - Free and Open Source Software Tools for Water Resource Management
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
642224
 This is a working version of
the AkvaGIS tutorial!

Your feedback is much appreciated.

FREEWAT - Free and Open Source Software Tools for Water Resource Management
This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No
642224
 Introduction/1
The general aim of this tutorial is to introduce the capabilities of the GIS-
integrated in FREEWAT platform which are created to improve the
management, analysis, calculations and interpretations of
hydrogeological and hydrochemical data.

To achieve this aim, spatial-temporal queries, hydrogeological units

interpretation and hydrochemical diagrams (e.g. Stiff, Piper, Salinity, etc.)
were integrated as a plugin within the QGIS desktop GIS.

To deal with this exercise, knowledge of QGIS tools and basics of

groundwater and hydrochemistry concepts are required.

Some concepts, already introduced in previous tutorials, will not be

summoned again.

4
 Introduction/2

Download and installation the following software is required:

 QGIS version 2.14Essen (https://www.qgis.org/en/site/forusers/download.html) or
later
 the provided version of the FREEWAT plugin
 MODFLOW-2005 (http://water.usgs.gov/ogw/modflow/MODFLOW.html)

In order to install all these softwares, please follow the instructions from
the README.rst file within the provided plugin folder.

This exercise was successfully performed within WINDOWS 7 and

WINDOWS 10 OS and using QGIS versions 2.8, 2.10, 2.14 and 2.18*.

* Please, notice that screenshots were made within QGIS 2.18 and that some tools/functions names may
be a bit different within previous QGIS versions 5
 Objectives
This tutorial has two main goals.

1. Introduction AKvaGIS’ capabilities:

Database structure
Hydrochemical capabilities
Hydrogeological capabilities

2. Introduction of hydrogeological and hydrochemical concepts to use

AkvaGIS Tools.

6
 Introduction
GROUNDWATER Important natural resource
v
of the water supply

Many factors
Deteriorating of the
(Irrigation,
v quality’s and quantity’s
industralization,
GROUNDWATER
mines…)

Sustainable Hydrogeological models

management of (Scenarios/ Planning)
GROUNDWATER

7
 Hydrogeological Model
Introduction

CONCEPTUAL MODEL ACCURACY

 Geological characterization Spatio-temporal data

 Hydrochemical characterization

 Hydraulic characterization
Integration
 Calculations and modelling
Water Resources
 Simulation of Scenarios/planning Management

Each field complements the

interpretation of the rest of the
fields!!
8
 Hydrogeological Model
AIM:
• The reliable hydrogeological models require the use of a wide range of
information (hydrogeological, geological, hydrochemical, etc.).

•The necessity of integrating data from different sources and formats in a

coherent and consistent structured database.

•Managing different data standard and different temporal and spatial extent.

• Due to the scarcity of comprehensive tools with a systematic management of

spatially and temporally dependent data further, it complicates their analysis and
interpretation necessary for the process of simulation.

OBJECTIVE:
Development of a software platform which brings both a spatial database and a
set of tools that allow us to:
Harmonize, collect, storage, manage, analyze , interpret and pre-process the
hydrogeological data in a GIS environment.

9
 AkvaGIS Module
Design QGIS
• Geospatial Database (SpatiaLite) • Unique platform: database and tools
• Specific tools which facilitate: • Inbuilt utilities
 Hydrochemical analysis • Widespread use (Open Source)
 Other hydrogeological analysis • High interoperability
• Interoperability with other software • International standards

Geospatial
• Hydrogeological database
database
• Hydrochemical Analysis Tools GIS-based
Development analysis
tools
• Hydrogeological Analysis Tools
External
• Links with external softwares tools
10
 AkvaGIS Module
Database tools. Management of hydrogelogical data in SpatiaLite database
Hydrochemical Tools. Spatio-temporal queries, Hydrochemical Diagrams, temporal evolution plots.
Hydrogeological Tools. Spatio-temporal queries. Thematics Maps….

DATABASE
MANAGEMENT

HYDROCHEMICAL
ANALYSIS TOOLS

HYDROGEOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS TOOLS 11
 Hydrogeological Database
Design and Structure
Collection/ management / harmonization / standardization spatial data and
non-spatial data coming from different sources with different formats.

HYDROGEOLOGY, GEOLOGY, HYDROCHEMISTRY

• Wells,
GEOSPATIAL piezometers,
DATABASE springs
Spatio/
Temporal
• Samples
Data • Head
• Well abstraction…

INTERPRETED DATA

• Piezometries
• Bathymetries
SpatiaLite Database • ….
Interpretations
Calculations

12
 Hydrogeological Database
Data Content

Administrative Data
Hydrogeological Data
• Citations
• Wells, springs, Hydrochemical data
• Entities (laboratories,
responsible parties…). piezometers… •Physico-chemical
•Projects •Technical Information parameters( organic,
•Campaigns Wells. inorganic, iostopes..)
•Normatives •Measurements (head, well •Value and censored
•..... abstraction…) values
•Aquifer System •Campaign /Projects
• Hydrogeological units details
(hydraulic properties , •Laboratory Regulatory
•INSPIRE Directive geometry….) guidelines
(2007/2/EC)
•Observation and
Measurement (ISO19156) • Dictionaries provided by International Standards.
•OGC WaterML2.0 • Some classes and their attributes to guarantee future data exchange.
•GeoSciML v3.1. • Most of the concepts are sufficient flexible to enable implementation
•.... into other GIS-software.
13
 AkvaGIS:based
Hydrochemical
platform and
Hydrogeological Analysis Tools
Working Flow:
GIS-BASED TOOLS
OF “toolbar” in QGIS
HYDROGEOLOGICAL
ANALYSIS  Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
 Hydrogeological Analysis Tools

AkvaGIS
DataBase

 Hydrochemical diagrams (Stiff,

Piper,...
Information
 Time evolution plots
obatined from the
data anlysis using  Piezometries
the tools  Bathymetries
 .....

14
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Introduction
The general Methodology for Hydrochemical characterization:

a) Sampling: defining the hydrochemistry of the conceptual model

or
validating/redefining the previous conceptual model.

b) Pre-processing and analysis of the data:

• Analytical Validation
• Hydrochemical Diagrams
• Temporal Evolution
• Spatio-temporal queries.
• Other analysis : simulations, mixing, etc….

15
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Introducing hydrochemical measurement data from sampling
point

Editing/adding hydrochemical data database interface 16

 AkvaGIS:
based platform
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Analytical Validation: Ionic Balance Report

Verify: Σ cations (meq/L) = Σ anions (meq/L)

 cat   an
IB (%) = 200
 cat   an

17
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Analytical Validation: Ionic Balance Report

=200*(AB8-AG8)/((AB8+AG8)) Could be mistakes during the validation

18
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Spatio-temporal Queries

Query form: Spatio-temporal query

Multiple selection criteria ( e.g. date,
campaigns, points, etc.) 19
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Hydrochemical Diagrams: Piper
Sulfate and/or Calcium Chloridium
Bicarbonated Calcic / and/or Magnesium
Magnesium

Chloridium and/or Sulfate Sodium

Bicarbonate
Sodium
• Nature of the
hydrochemistry of the
water

• Mixing water: lines in

Piper

20
http://www.rroij.com/open-access/interpretation-of-groundwater-quality-and-radon-estimation-in-the-selected-region-of-bangalore-north-taluk-karnataka-india.php?aid=55792
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Hydrochemical Diagrams: Piper

21
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Hydrochemical Diagrams: Stiff

Spatial variation of
the composition of
the aquifer

22
http://www.wikiwand.com/en/Stiff_diagram
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Hydrochemical Diagrams: Shöeller-Berkalof

• It is easy to distinguish the mixing waters.

• Visualization of increment/decrease of the elements. 23
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Hydrochemical Diagrams: Salinity Diagrams

Index to
bad/good
water’s
agriculture.

24
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Time-Plot

25
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Mapping

26
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Thematic Maps of Quality : Normative

Create maps with the regulatory

guidelines 27
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrochemical Analysis Tools
Link to external platforms. Further analysis.

Bicarbonates Sulphates Chloride Nitrates Sodium Potassium Calcium Magnesium EC

Bicarbonates 1.00000 0.21223 0.07690 -0.17897 0.19657 -0.26039 0.54644 0.48271 0.60713
Sulphates 1.00000 0.39872 -0.08756 0.42554 -0.15540 0.14330 0.51732 0.62286
Chloride 1.00000 -0.25059 0.82033 0.38120 -0.26940 0.22479 0.56979
Nitrates 1.00000 -0.05234 0.07870 0.04569 0.26612 0.09407
Sodium 0.82033 1.00000 0.46856 -0.33454 0.19027 0.73103
Potassium 1.00000 -0.71424 -0.06363 -0.01571
Calcium -0.71424 1.00000 0.22225 0.21567
Magnesium 1.00000 0.52914
EC 0.60713 0.62286 0.73103 1.00000

28
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrogeological Analysis Tools
Spatio-temporal Queries hydrogeological measurements

QUERIES ABOUT:
• Head
• Well
• Abstraction
• …

29
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrogeological Analysis Tools
Mapping

30
 AkvaGIS:
Hydrogeological Analysis Tools
Geometry of the Hydrogeological Units

Creation of maps from the top/bottom

hydrogeological units defined in the wells. 31
 If you need any assistance, please contact
Rotman Criollo – IDAEA - CSIC (Barcelona - Spain) -
rotmancriollo@gmail.com
Enric Vázquez-Suñé – IDAEA - CSIC (Barcelona - Spain) -
enric.vazquez@idaea.csic.es
FREEWAT Development has received funding from the following projects:

1. Hydrological part has been developed starting from a former project, named SID&GRID, funded by Regione Toscana through EU
POR-FSE 2007-2013 (sidgrid.isti.cnr.it).

2. Porting of SID&GRID under QGis has been performed through funds provided by Regione Toscana to Scuola Superiore S.Anna -
Project Evoluzione del sistema open source SID&GRID di elaborazione dei dati geografici vettoriali e raster per il porting negli
ambienti QGis e Spatialite in uso presso la Regione Toscana (CIG: ZA50E4058A)

3. Latest Version of FREEWAT is under development within EU H2020 project FREEWAT - Free and Open Source Software Tools for
Water Resource Management. FREEWAT project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and
innovation programme under grant agreement n. 642224 (www.freewat.eu)