Investigation 31 Determine The Concentration of CuSO4 Using Spectrometer

Investigation 31 Determine the Concentration of CuSO4 Using Spectrometer
Aim
This practical is designed to determine the absorption spectrum of an aqueous solution of copper (II) ions
and investigate how does the concentration of Copper II sulfate solution affect its absorbency of light?
Safety
Wear your safety goggles.
Aqueous copper (II) sulfate is an irritant.
Avoid skin contact with this chemical.
Return or dispose of all materials according to the instructions of your teacher
Apparatus
Distilled water
0.5000M CuSO4, 0.2500M CuSO4, 0.1250M CuSO4, 0.0625M CuSO4, 0.0313M CuSO4, unknown
CuSO4
Measuring Cylinder
Cuvettes (about 5)
Beakers
Colorimeter
Part A: Determine the absorption spectrum of an aqueous Cu (II) ions solution:
Process
1. Turn on the spectrophotometer and allow it to warm up for about 30 minutes.
2. Set the wavelength control knob to 375nm, Adjust the amplifier control knob to produce 0 percent
transmittance (0%T) at this wavelength.
3. Add distilled water to a clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe the outside of the cuvette with a
tissue to make sure that it is clean and dry. Hold the unclear sides of cuvette only. Avoid getting
fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.
4. Place the cuvette in the sample holder and close the cover. Adjust the light control knob until the
spectrophotometer reads 100%T.
5. Remove the first sample from the spectrophotometer. Add 0.5000M copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4
solution, to another clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Clean and dry the cuvette surface, insert it
into the sample holder. Close the cover of the holder. Read the corresponding absorbance, and then
record the reading in your data table. Remove the sample from the holder.
6. Turn the wavelength dial to 400nm. Repeat the step 2- step 5 to measure and record the absorbance at
400nm.
7. Increase the wavelength by 20nm, and continue the procedure of setting 0%T, setting 100%T, and
measure the absorbance of the CuSO4 solution until 740nm.
8. Plot absorbance (A) versus wavelength, and determine at what wavelengths do copper (II) sulfate
absorbs the maximum amount of light.
Raw Data
Wavelength (±1nm) Absorbance
375 0.01
400 0.011
420 0.011
440 0.009
460 0.012
480 0.014
500 0.022
520 0.04
540 0.079
560 0.147
580 0.27
600 0.458
620 0.752
640 1.185
660 1.838
680 over
Graph
Absorbance V.S. Wavelength
(with 0.5000M CuSO4)
1.8
1.6
1.4
1.2
Absorption
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Wavelength (±1nm)
Part B: Investigate how does the concentration of Copper II sulphate solution affect its
absorbency of light?
Process
1. Set the wavelength control knob to the value of wavelength at which copper (II) sulfate absorbs the
maximum amounts of light. Adjust the amplifier control knob to produce 0 percent transmittance (0%T)
at this wavelength.
2. Add distilled water to a clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe clean the cuvette surface. Avoid
getting fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.
3. Place the cuvette in the sample holder and close the cover. Adjust the light control knob until the
spectrophotometer reads 100%T.
4. Remove the first sample from the spectrophotometer. Add 0.0313M copper (II) sulfate, CuSO4
solution, to another clean cuvette around 3/4 of its volume. Wipe clean the cuvette surface, insert it into
the sample holder. Close the cover of the holder. Read the corresponding absorbance, and then record the
reading in your data table. Remove the sample from the holder.
5. Keep the wavelength constant. Change the concentration of CuSO4 into 0.0625M, 0.1250M,
0.2500M, , and 0.5000M respectively. Repeat the step 2- step 5 to measure and record the percent
transmittance and corresponding absorbance at the same wavelength.
6. Plot absorbance (A) versus concentration to generate a calibration curve.
Raw Data
With wavelength=650±1nm
Concentration (M) Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance
0.0313 0.095 0.094 0.0945
0.0625 0.196 0.195 0.1955
0.1250 0.388 0.388 0.388
0.2500 0.754 0.754 0.754
0.5000 1.495 1.495 1.495
Graph
Absorbance V.S. Concentration

Absorption
1.625
Wavelength is 650±1nm
y = 3.0019x
1.5 R² = 0.9998
1.375
1.25
1.125
1
0.875
0.75
0.625
0.5
0.375
0.25
0.125
0
0 0.4 0.8
Concentration (M)
Part C: Determine the concentration of the unknown CuSO4 solution.
Process
1. Repeat step 1 to 4 in Part B, and measure the absorbance of the unknown CuSO4 solution.
2. Find the concentration using the calibration curve generated in Part B.
Raw Data
With wavelength=650±1nm
Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance Concentration (M)
0.609 0.609 0.609 Unknown
Calculation
According to part B, it can be approximated that A=3.0019c
A 0.609
\cunknown = = » 0.2029M
3.0019 3.0019
Conclusion:
Part A: As wavelength increases, the absorbance increases. Rate of increase of absorbance also increases
as wavelength becomes larger.
Part B: Beer-Lambert Law states that A=ϵlc, where A is the absorbance, c is the concentration, ϵ is
molar extinction coefficient, and L is pathlength. Since ϵ and L is constant in the experiment, absorbance
of light should be proportional to the concentration of the CuSO4 solution. The data gathered in the
experiment supports this relationship as a straight line passing through the origin could be drawn from
the data points. This also shows that the errors are relatively small and negligible in the experiment.
Part C: The concentration of the unknown solution is approximately 0.2029M.

Investigation 31 Determine The Concentration of CuSO4 Using Spectrometer

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How does the absorbance of CuSO4 solutions change with increasing wavelength?

How does the absorbance of CuSO4 solutions change with increasing wavelength?

How does the absorbance of CuSO4 solutions change with increasing concentration?

How does the absorbance of CuSO4 solutions change with increasing concentration?

Investigation 31 Determine the Concentration of CuSO4 Using Spectrometer

Wear your safety goggles.

Aqueous copper (II) sulfate is an irritant.

Avoid skin contact with this chemical.

Return or dispose of all materials according to the instructions of your teacher

Part A: Determine the absorption spectrum of an aqueous Cu (II) ions solution:

1. Turn on the spectrophotometer and allow it to warm up for about 30 minutes.

transmittance (0%T) at this wavelength.

fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.

spectrophotometer reads 100%T.

measure the absorbance of the CuSO4 solution until 740nm.

absorbs the maximum amount of light.

Wavelength (±1nm) Absorbance

getting fingerprints on the clear sides of the cuvette.

spectrophotometer reads 100%T.

transmittance and corresponding absorbance at the same wavelength.

6. Plot absorbance (A) versus concentration to generate a calibration curve.

Concentration (M) Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance

0.0313 0.095 0.094 0.0945

0.0625 0.196 0.195 0.1955

0.1250 0.388 0.388 0.388

0.2500 0.754 0.754 0.754

0.5000 1.495 1.495 1.495

Absorbance V.S. Concentration

2. Find the concentration using the calibration curve generated in Part B.

Absorbance 1 Absorbance 2 Average absorbance Concentration (M)

0.609 0.609 0.609 Unknown

According to part B, it can be approximated that A=3.0019c

as wavelength becomes larger.

Part C: The concentration of the unknown solution is approximately 0.2029M.

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