TM 3-23.25 PDF

TM 3-23.25(FM 3-23.
25)
SEPTEMBER 2010
Shoulder-Launched Munitions
Headquarters, Department of the Army
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Reimer Training and Doctrine Digital Library
(www.train.army.mil).
TM 3-23.25, C1
Change 1 Headquarters
Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 14 December 2010
SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS
1. Change TM 3-23.25, 15 September 2010, as follows:
Remove old pages: Insert new pages:

4-7 through 4-10 4-7 through 4-10
2. A bar (|) marks new or changed material.
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DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: This publication is approved for public release; distribution is

unlimited.
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
GEORGE W. CASEY, JR.

General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
1034101
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*TM 3-23.25 (FM 3-23.25)
Technical Manual Headquarters

No. 3-23.25 Department of the Army
Washington, DC, 15 September 2010
Shoulder-Launched Munitions
Contents
Page
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 1-1
Uses.................................................................................................................... 1-1
Description and Capabilities ............................................................................... 1-1
Components ....................................................................................................... 1-1
Chapter 2 TRAINING .......................................................................................................... 2-1
Section I. Training Strategy ............................................................................. 2-1
Objectives ........................................................................................................... 2-1
Overview ............................................................................................................. 2-1
Training Phases .................................................................................................. 2-5
Section II. Unit Marksmanship Training Program ......................................... 2-6
Mission-Essential Tasks ..................................................................................... 2-6
Training Assessment .......................................................................................... 2-6
Instructors/Trainers............................................................................................. 2-8
Section III. Training Preparation ................................................................... 2-10
Conduct a Training Risk Assessment .............................................................. 2-10
Conduct an Environmental Risk Assessment .................................................. 2-23
Make Range Coordinations .............................................................................. 2-24
Section IV. Training Conduct ........................................................................ 2-28
Occupy, Inspect, and Set Up Range ................................................................ 2-28
Prepare for Training.......................................................................................... 2-28
Conduct the Training ........................................................................................ 2-29
Complete Individual Training Mission............................................................... 2-39
Chapter 3 PROCESS OF FIRING ....................................................................................... 3-1
Section I. Packaging and Inspection .............................................................. 3-1
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition ............................................................................ 3-1
M136 AT4 Shoulder-Launched Munition ............................................................ 3-2
M136A1 AT4 Confined Space Shoulder-Launched Munition............................. 3-5
Improved M72 Shoulder-Launched Munition ..................................................... 3-7
M72A2/3 Shoulder-Launched Munition ............................................................ 3-10
Section II. Arming Procedures ...................................................................... 3-13
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition .......................................................................... 3-13
DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
*This publication supersedes FM 3-23.25, 31 January 2006.
i
Contents
M136 AT4 Shoulder-Launched Munition .......................................................... 3-19

M136A1 AT4 Confined Space Shoulder- Launched Munition .......................... 3-24
Improved M72 Shoulder-Launched Munition .................................................... 3-30
M72A2/A3 Shoulder-Launched Munition .......................................................... 3-34
Section III. Operation Under Unusual Conditions ....................................... 3-37
Misfire Procedures ............................................................................................ 3-37
Restoring to a Carrying Configuration............................................................... 3-42
Environmental Conditions ................................................................................. 3-45
Destruction Procedures (Combat Only) ............................................................ 3-45
Decontamination Procedures............................................................................ 3-47
Chapter 4 MARKSMANSHIP FUNDAMENTALS ............................................................... 4-1
Section I. Firing Positions ................................................................................ 4-1
Standing Position ................................................................................................ 4-2
Kneeling Position ................................................................................................ 4-5
Sitting Position (For Use in Combat Only) .......................................................... 4-7
Prone Position (For Use in Combat Only)......................................................... 4-10
Section II. Target Engagement Procedures ................................................. 4-11
Steady Hold....................................................................................................... 4-11
Range Estimation .............................................................................................. 4-12
Speed Estimation .............................................................................................. 4-13
Aiming Procedures ............................................................................................ 4-14
Breath Control ................................................................................................... 4-17
Trigger Manipulation ......................................................................................... 4-17
Integrated Act of Firing ...................................................................................... 4-18
Chapter 5 EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................. 5-1
Methods of Engagement ..................................................................................... 5-1
Engagement of Vehicles ..................................................................................... 5-2
Engagement of Field Fortifications and Buildings............................................... 5-4
Engagements Conducted During Limited Visibility ............................................. 5-5
Engagement in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear Conditions ..... 5-6
Engagement from an Enclosure ......................................................................... 5-7
Engagement Beyond Maximum Effective Range ............................................... 5-8
Appendix A M72 PRACTICE FIRING TABLES .................................................................... A-1
Appendix B TRAINING AIDS, DEVICES, SIMULATORS, AND SIMULATIONS ................ B-1
Appendix C NIGHT VISION DEVICES .................................................................................. C-1
GLOSSARY .................................................................................................................... Glossary-1
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ References-1
INDEX ................................................................................................................................... Index-1
ii TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Contents
Figures
Figure 1-1. Current shoulder-launched munitions. ................................................................. 1-2
Figure 1-2. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and M141 bunker defeat
munition front and rear blade sights. ................................................................ 1-11
munition front sight. ........................................................................................... 1-12
munition rear sight. ........................................................................................... 1-12
Figure 1-5. M72A2/A3 front and rear blade sights. .............................................................. 1-13
Figure 1-6. M72A2/A3 front sight. ........................................................................................ 1-13
Figure 1-7. M72A2/A3 rear sight. ......................................................................................... 1-14
Figure 1-8. Improved M72 shoulder-launched munitions front and rear blade sights. ........ 1-15
Figure 1-9. Improved M72 front sight. .................................................................................. 1-15
Figure 1-10. Improved M72 rear sight. ................................................................................. 1-16
Figure 1-11. AN/PVS-4 night vision sight. ............................................................................ 1-17
Figure 1-12. AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) light weapon thermal sight and AN/PAS-13B/C/D
(V3) heavy weapon thermal sight. .................................................................... 1-17
Figure 1-13. AN/PAQ-4B/C infrared aiming light. ................................................................. 1-18
Figure 1-14. AN/PEQ-2A/B target pointer/illuminator/aiming light. ...................................... 1-19
Figure 1-15. AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer/illuminator/aiming light. ......................... 1-19
Figure 2-1. Training strategy for initial entry training. ............................................................. 2-2
Figure 2-2. Unit marksmanship sustainment strategy. ........................................................... 2-4
Figure 2-3. M141 bunker defeat munition backblast and ear protection caution area. ........ 2-12
Figure 2-4. M136 AT4 backblast area. ................................................................................. 2-13
Figure 2-5. M136A1 AT4 confined space backblast area. ................................................... 2-13
Figure 2-6. Minimal dimensions of a confined space. .......................................................... 2-14
Figure 2-7. Angle of launcher. .............................................................................................. 2-15
Figure 2-8. Minimal distance from door or window frame. ................................................... 2-15
Figure 2-9. Soldier positions for firing a M136A1 AT4 confined space on an oblique
left azimuth. ....................................................................................................... 2-16
Figure 2-10. Soldier positions for firing a M136A1 AT4 confined space on an oblique
right azimuth...................................................................................................... 2-16
Figure 2-11. M72A2 and M72A3 backblast area. ................................................................. 2-17
Figure 2-12. M72A4/A5/A6/A7 backblast area. .................................................................... 2-17
Figure 2-13. Downrange danger area for the M141 bunker defeat munition. ...................... 2-18
Figure 2-14. Downrange danger area for the M136 AT4. .................................................... 2-18
Figure 2-15. Downrange danger area for the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ...................... 2-19
Figure 2-16. Downrange danger area for the M72A4/A5/A6/A7. ......................................... 2-19
Figure 2-17. Firing line.......................................................................................................... 2-25
Figure 2-18. Example of completed DA Form 7676 (Day and Night Fire—M141 BDM
[BDM Subcaliber Training Launcher]). .............................................................. 2-31
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 iii

Contents
Figure 2-19. Example of completed DA Form 7677 (Day and Night Fire—M136 AT4
[M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher]). ............................................................ 2-32
Figure 3-1. M141 bunker defeat munition packaging and pallet details. ............................... 3-1
Figure 3-2. M141 bunker defeat munition inspection points. ................................................. 3-3
Figure 3-3. M136 AT4 packaging and pallet details. .............................................................. 3-3
Figure 3-4. M136 AT4 inspection points. ................................................................................ 3-5
Figure 3-5. M136A1 AT4 confined space packaging and pallet details. ................................ 3-6
Figure 3-6. M136A1 AT4 confined space inspection points. .................................................. 3-7
Figure 3-7. Improved M72 inspection and unpacking points. ................................................ 3-8
Figure 3-8. Improved M72 containers. ................................................................................... 3-9
Figure 3-9. Improved M72 inspection points. ....................................................................... 3-10
Figure 3-10. M72A2/A3 inspection and unpacking points. .................................................. 3-11
Figure 3-11. M72A2/A3 packaging details. .......................................................................... 3-11
Figure 3-12. M72A2/A3 inspection points. ........................................................................... 3-12
Figure 3-13. M72A2/A3 launcher data plate. ....................................................................... 3-13
Figure 3-14. Cradling the M141 bunker defeat munition. .................................................... 3-14
Figure 3-15. Removing the transport safety pin on the M141 bunker defeat munition........ 3-15
Figure 3-16. Extending the tube on the M141 bunker defeat munition................................ 3-15
Figure 3-17. Locking the M141 bunker defeat munition inner tube. .................................... 3-16
Figure 3-18. Unlocking and unfolding the shoulder stop on the M141 bunker defeat
munition. ........................................................................................................... 3-16
Figure 3-19. Deploying the sights on the M141 bunker defeat munition. ............................ 3-17
Figure 3-20. Arming the firing mechanism on the M141 bunker defeat munition. ............... 3-18
Figure 3-21. Adjusting the rear sight on the M141 bunker defeat munition. ........................ 3-18
Figure 3-22. Firing the M141 bunker defeat munition. ......................................................... 3-19
Figure 3-23. Cradling the M136 AT4. ................................................................................... 3-20
Figure 3-24. Removing the transport safety pin on the M136 AT4. ..................................... 3-20
Figure 3-25. Unsnapping the shoulder stop on the M136 AT4. ........................................... 3-21
Figure 3-26. Opening the sights on the M136 AT4. ............................................................. 3-21
Figure 3-27. Cocking the M136 AT4. ................................................................................... 3-22
Figure 3-28. Adjusting the rear sight on the M136 AT4. ...................................................... 3-22
Figure 3-29. Releasing the red safety release catch on the M136 AT4. .............................. 3-23
Figure 3-30. Pressing the red trigger button to fire the M136 AT4. ...................................... 3-23
Figure 3-31. Cradling the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ..................................................... 3-24
Figure 3-32. Removing the transport safety fork on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ...... 3-25
Figure 3-33. Unsnapping the shoulder stop on the M136A1 AT4 confined space............... 3-25
Figure 3-34. Unfolding the front grip on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ......................... 3-26
Figure 3-35. Stabilizing the M136A1 AT4 confined space. .................................................. 3-26
Figure 3-36. Opening the front sight cover on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ............... 3-27
Figure 3-37. Opening and adjusting the sights on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.......... 3-27
Figure 3-38. Cocking the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ..................................................... 3-28
Figure 3-39. Adjusting the rear sight on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ........................ 3-29
iv TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Contents
Figure 3-40. Releasing the red safety catch on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ............. 3-29
Figure 3-41. Pressing the red trigger button to fire the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ........ 3-29
Figure 3-42. Cradling the improved M72. ............................................................................. 3-30
Figure 3-43. Removing the improved M72 transport safety pin. .......................................... 3-31
Figure 3-44. Releasing the improved M72 rear cover/shoulder stop. .................................. 3-31
Figure 3-45. Extending the improved M72 launcher. ........................................................... 3-32
Figure 3-46. Adjusting the rear sight on the improved M72. ................................................ 3-33
Figure 3-47. Firing the improved M72. ................................................................................. 3-33
Figure 3-48. Cradling the M72A2/A3. ................................................................................... 3-34
Figure 3-49. Removing the M72A2/A3 transport safety pin. ................................................ 3-35
Figure 3-50. Removing the M72A2/A3 front cover and the adjustable sling assembly. ....... 3-35
Figure 3-51. Extending the M72A2/A3 launcher................................................................... 3-36
Figure 3-52. Firing the M72A2/A3. ....................................................................................... 3-37
Figure 3-53. M100 decontamination kit. ............................................................................... 3-48
Figure 4-1. Basic standing firing position. .............................................................................. 4-3
Figure 4-2. Modified standing firing position........................................................................... 4-5
Figure 4-3. Basic kneeling firing position................................................................................ 4-6
Figure 4-4. Modified kneeling firing position. .......................................................................... 4-7
Figure 4-5. Basic sitting firing position. ................................................................................... 4-8
Figure 4-6. Modified sitting firing position. .............................................................................. 4-9
Figure 4-7. Prone firing position. .......................................................................................... 4-11
Figure 4-8. Steady hold position—M136A1 AT4 confined space. ........................................ 4-12
Figure 4-9. Steady hold position—M141 bunker defeat munition. ....................................... 4-12
Figure 4-10. Speed estimation. ............................................................................................ 4-13
Figure 4-11. Eye placement for shoulder-launched munitions. ............................................ 4-14
Figure 4-12. Trigger manipulation of a M141 bunker defeat munition. ................................ 4-17
Figure 4-13. Trigger manipulation of a M136-series shoulder-launched munition. .............. 4-18
Figure 4-14. Trigger manipulation of a M72-series shoulder-launched munition. ................ 4-18
Figure A-1. Example of completed DA Form 7678 (Day and Night Fire—M72
[M72AS 21-mm Subcaliber Training Launcher)..................................................A-1
Figure B-1. Bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher...........................................B-4
Figure B-2. Bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher primer block. .....................B-5
Figure B-3. HA21 21-mm training rocket with storage case...................................................B-5
Figure B-4. M287 subcaliber training launcher. ....................................................................B-20
Figure B-5. M287 subcaliber training launcher bolt. .............................................................B-21
Figure B-6. M939 9-mm training practice-tracer cartridge. ..................................................B-22
Figure B-7. Unloading the M287 subcaliber training launcher. ............................................B-28
Figure B-8. M72AS subcaliber training launcher. .................................................................B-30
Figure B-9. M72AS 21-mm primer block. .............................................................................B-31
Figure B-10. HA21 21-mm training rocket with storage case...............................................B-31
Figure B-11. Using GTA 7-02-005 with target silhouette sheet and front sight
template. ...........................................................................................................B-41
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 v

Contents
Figure B-12. Using GTA 7-02-005 with target silhouette sheet and front sight
template. ........................................................................................................... B-41
Figure B-13. M136 AT4 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator. ............ B-42
Figure B-14. Rocket-propelled grenade launcher Multiple Integrated Laser
Engagement System simulator. ........................................................................ B-43
Figure B-15. M22 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System cartridge. ...................... B-44
Figure B-16. M22 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System cartridge surface
danger zones. ................................................................................................... B-44
Figure B-17. M136 AT4 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator
safeties. ............................................................................................................ B-45
Figure B-18. Rocket-propelled grenade launcher Multiple Integrated Laser
Engagement System simulator safeties. .......................................................... B-45
Figure C-1. M141 bunker defeat munition MIL-STD-1913 rail mount. ................................... C-2
Figure C-2. M136 AT4 MIL-STD-1913 rail mounts. ............................................................... C-2
Figure C-3. M136 AT4 night vision device mounting bracket assembly. ............................... C-3
Figure C-4. M72-series night vision device mounting bracket assembly............................... C-3
Figure C-5. AN/PAS-13E light weapon thermal sight. ........................................................... C-4
Figure C-6. AN/PAS-13E light weapon thermal sight reticle.................................................. C-5
Figure C-7. AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer/illuminator/aiming light. ............................ C-5
Figure C-8. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M141 bunker defeat munition. ......... C-6
Figure C-9. Secure the laser aiming light/illuminator mounting screw or rail grabber. .......... C-7
Figure C-10. M136 AT4 with night vision device mounting bracket attached. ....................... C-9
Figure C-11. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M136 AT4. ..................................... C-9
Figure C-12. Securing the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136 AT4. ......................... C-10
Figure C-13. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M136A1 AT4 confined space. ..... C-12
Figure C-14. Securing the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136A1 AT4 confined
space. ............................................................................................................... C-13
Figure C-15. M72-series attachable night vision device mounting bracket. ........................ C-14
Tables
Table 1-1. Description and capabilities of shoulder-launched munitions............................... 1-2
Table 1-2. Launcher specifications. ....................................................................................... 1-3
Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued). .................................................................... 1-4
Table 1-3. Rocket specifications. ........................................................................................... 1-8
Table 1-3. Rocket specifications (continued). ........................................................................ 1-9
Table 1-4. Effects of shoulder-launched munitions. ............................................................. 1-10
Table 2-1. Operating temperatures. ..................................................................................... 2-20
Table 2-2. Target engagement ranges for shoulder-launched munitions. ........................... 2-20
Table 2-3. Range firing limitations. ...................................................................................... 2-22
vi TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Contents
Table 2-4. Officer in charge and range safety officer requirements. .................................... 2-26
Table 2-5. Distribution of rounds for practice day fire. ......................................................... 2-30
Table 2-6. Task, conditions, and standards for practice day fire (bunker defeat
munition subcaliber training launcher). ............................................................. 2-33
Table 2-7. Task, conditions, and standards for practice day fire (M287 subcaliber
training launcher). ............................................................................................. 2-33
Table 2-8. Distribution of rounds for practice night fire. ....................................................... 2-34
Table 2-9. Task, conditions, and standards for practice night fire (bunker defeat
Table 2-10. Task, conditions, and standards for practice night fire (M287 subcaliber
Table 2-11. Distribution of rounds for qualification day fire. ................................................. 2-35
Table 2-12. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification day fire (bunker defeat
Table 2-13. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification day fire (M287 subcaliber
Table 2-14. Distribution of rounds for qualification night fire. ............................................... 2-36
Table 2-15. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification night fire (bunker defeat
Table 2-16. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification night fire (M287
subcaliber training launcher). ............................................................................ 2-37
Table 2-17. Collective tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may support. ..................... 2-38
Table 2-18. Sample of individual tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may
support. ............................................................................................................. 2-38
Table 2-19. Shoulder-launched munition individual tasks. ................................................... 2-39
Table 2-20. Hands-on training tasks. ................................................................................... 2-40
Table 3-1. Methods of destruction and their applications..................................................... 3-46
Table 4-1. Sight picture for various targets for M136-series shoulder-launched
munitions and M141 bunker defeat munitions. ................................................. 4-15
Table 4-2. Sight picture for various targets for improved M72. ............................................ 4-15
Table 4-3. Sight picture for various targets for M72A2/A3. .................................................. 4-16
Table 5-1. Effects of different munitions on vehicle types. ..................................................... 5-3
Table 5-2. Armored vehicle kills. ............................................................................................ 5-3
Table 5-3. Effects of M141 bunker defeat munitions on field fortifications or bunkers........... 5-4
Table 5-4. Effects of M136- and M72-series munitions on field fortifications or
bunkers. .............................................................................................................. 5-5
Table A-1. Distribution of rounds for practice day fire. ...........................................................A-2
Table A-2. Practice day firing tables for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions. ...............A-2
Table A-3. Distribution of rounds for practice night fire. .........................................................A-3
Table A-4. Practice night firing table for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions................A-3
Table B-1. Types of field-expedient trainers...........................................................................B-2
Table B-2. Types of field handling trainers. ............................................................................B-3
Table B-3. Technical data for the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher. ........B-4
Table B-4. Procedures used to cock the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training
launcher. .............................................................................................................B-6
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 vii

Contents
Table B-4. Procedures used to cock the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training
launcher (continued). .......................................................................................... B-7
Table B-5. Procedures used to prepare the bunker defeat munition subcaliber
training launcher for firing. .................................................................................. B-8
Table B-5. Procedures used to prepare the bunker defeat munition subcaliber
training launcher for firing (continued). ............................................................... B-9
Table B-6. Procedures used to load the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training
launcher. ............................................................................................................. B-9
launcher (continued). ........................................................................................ B-10
Table B-7. Procedures used to arm/fire the bunker defeat munition subcaliber
training launcher. .............................................................................................. B-14
Table B-8. Procedures used to reload the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training
launcher. ........................................................................................................... B-15
launcher. ........................................................................................................... B-18
Table B-10. Procedures used to address a misfire on the bunker defeat munition
subcaliber training launcher.............................................................................. B-19
Table B-10. Procedures used to address a misfire on the bunker defeat munition
subcaliber training launcher (continued). ......................................................... B-20
Table B-11. Technical data for the M287 subcaliber training launcher. .............................. B-20
Table B-12. Function check, M287 subcaliber training launcher. ........................................ B-22
Table B-13. Procedures used to load the M287 subcaliber training launcher. .................... B-23
Table B-13. Procedures used to load the M287 subcaliber training launcher
(continued). ....................................................................................................... B-24
(continued). ....................................................................................................... B-25
(continued). ....................................................................................................... B-26
Table B-14. Procedures used to reload the M287 subcaliber training launcher. ................. B-27
Table B-15. Procedures used to unload the M287 subcaliber training launcher. ................ B-28
Table B-16. Procedures used to address a misfire on the M287 subcaliber training
launcher. ........................................................................................................... B-29
Table B-17. Technical data for M72AS subcaliber training launcher. .................................. B-30
Table B-18. Procedures used to load the M72AS subcaliber training launcher. ................. B-32
Table B-18. Procedures used to load the M72AS subcaliber training launcher
(continued). ....................................................................................................... B-33
viii TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Contents
(continued). .......................................................................................................B-34
(continued). .......................................................................................................B-35
Table B-19. Procedures used to arm/fire the M72AS subcaliber training launcher. ............B-36
Table B-20. Procedures used to reload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher. ..............B-37
Table B-21. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher...............B-38
Table B-22. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher...............B-38
Table B-22. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher
(continued). .......................................................................................................B-39
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 ix

Preface
This technical manual (TM) provides technical information and training and combat techniques for shoulder-
launched munitions. Intended users include leaders and designated Soldiers who will use this information to
successfully integrate shoulder-launched munitions into combat operations. This TM also discusses training for
proficiency with shoulder-launched munitions.
This TM revision includes references to new materiel and systems and includes—
 The new training strategy to include specific strategies for the USAR and the ARNG.
 New observation devices were added, and outdated ones were removed.
 The M136A1 AT4 confined space (AT4CS) was added, along with its associated training.
 New training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations (TADSS) were added.
This TM prescribes—
 DA Form 7676 (Day and Night Fire—M141 BDM [BDM Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
 DA Form 7677 (Day and Night Fire—M136 AT4 [M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
 DA Form 7678 (Day and Night Fire--M72 [M72AS 21-mm Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
This TM applies to the Active Army, the Army National Guard (ARNG)/Army National Guard of the United
States (ARNGUS), and the United States Army Reserve (USAR).
The proponent for this TM is the U.S. Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC). The preparing
agency is the Maneuver Center of Excellence (MCoE). You may send comments and recommendations by any
means (U.S. mail, e-mail, fax, or telephone) as long as you use DA Form 2028 (Recommended Changes to
Publications and Blank Forms) or follow its format. Point of contact information is as follows:
E-mail: benn.29IN.229-S3-DOC-LIT@conus.army.mil
Phone: Commercial: 706-545-8623
DSN: 835-8623
Fax: Commercial: 706-545-8600
DSN: 835-8600
U.S. Mail: Commander, MCoE
ATTN: ATSH-INB
6650 Wilkin Drive, Building 74, Room 102
Fort Benning, GA 31905-5593
x TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Currently, no single disposable shoulder-launched munition with a multi-target
capability exists. This publication addresses the capability gap with three separate
types of munitions (Figure 1-1):
• M72-series shoulder-launched munitions, which include—
M72A2/A3.
M72A4/5/6/7 (improved M72).
• M136-series shoulder-launched munitions, which include—
M136 AT4.
M136A1 AT4 confined space (AT4CS).
• M141 bunker defeat munitions (BDMs).
The unit issues these launchers as rounds of ammunition to individual Soldiers.
USES
1-1. The purpose of shoulder-launched munitions is to provide the Soldier with a lightweight, disposable,
man-portable, self-contained, one-shot system that is highly effective in incapacitating personnel located
within protective barriers, such as buildings, fighting positions (earth and timber bunkers), light-armored
vehicles, and other field fortifications.
1-2. While all shoulder-launched munitions are useful in damaging or destroying targets, their difference
lies in the types of targets they are used against:
z The M141 BDM is designed to—
Destroy earth and timber bunkers.
Breach 8-inch reinforced concrete walls and 12-inch triple-brick walls.
Destroy or collapse underground openings.
Destroy unarmored (cars and trucks) and light-armored vehicles, but has very little effect on
heavy-armored vehicles.
z M72- and the M136-series shoulder-launched munitions are designed to—
Penetrate and destroy light-armored vehicles.
Damage older model battle tanks (when fired in pairs or in volley).
Neutralize fortified firing positions, and personnel and weapons behind barriers.
DESCRIPTION AND CAPABILITIES

1-3. Table 1-1 provides a description of the types of shoulder-launched munitions and allows for a
comparison of capabilities.
COMPONENTS
1-4. Shoulder-launched munitions consist of an unguided free-flight rocket and a launcher that contains
all features and controls necessary to aim, fire, and engage targets.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-1

Chapter 1
LAUNCHER
1-5. The launcher has a design similar to the recoilless rifle. It is man-portable and provides water-
resistant protection for the rocket during storage, transportation, and use. All propulsion unit operation
occurs within the launch tube. Table 1-2 depicts the difference between the launchers of various shoulder-
launched munitions.
Note. The weights and measurements are approximate. See the corresponding technical manual
(TM) for more information.
Figure 1-1. Current shoulder-launched munitions.

Table 1-1. Description and capabilities of shoulder-launched munitions.
TYPE DESCRIPTION AND CAPABILITIES
The M141 BDM consists of a free-flight, fin-stabilized, multipurpose munition that consists of an 83-mm
high-explosive (HE), dual-mode rocket sealed in an expendable launcher that also serves as a watertight
transport and storage container. The M141 BDM addresses the need to destroy hardened targets, such
as bunkers and other fixed enemy positions, and incapacitate the enemy personnel inside. It can be
M141 BDM
employed effectively against double-reinforced concrete walls up to 8 inches thick, triple-brick structures,
and standard earth and timber bunkers. It can also perforate up to 20 mm of rolled homogenous steel,
which provides a capability against light-armored and thin-skinned vehicles. The M141 BDM can be
employed in limited visibility, with the aid of night vision devices (NVDs) or with artificial illumination.
The M136-series shoulder-launched munition consists of a free-flight, fin-stabilized, antiarmor rocket
packed in an expendable launcher that also serves as a watertight transport and storage container. M136-
series shoulder-launched munitions can be employed in limited visibility, with the aid of NVDs or with
M136-Series artificial illumination.
Shoulder-Launched
M136 AT4 The M136 AT4 is primarily designed for use against armored vehicles.
Munitions
The M136A1 AT4CS is similar to the M136 AT4, but uses a different
M136A1 AT4CS propulsion system. This system enables the M136A1 AT4CS to be
fired from an enclosure, a capability that the M136 AT4 does not have.
The M72-series shoulder-launched munition consists of a free-flight, fin-stabilized, antiarmor rocket
packed in an expendable launcher that also serves as a watertight transport and storage container.
Available M72 launchers are divided into two groups: the M72A2/A3 and the M72A4/5/6/7 (improved
M72). M72-series shoulder-launched munitions can be employed in limited visibility, with the aid of NVDs
or with artificial illumination.
M72-Series The M72A2/A3 is a first-generation munition. It was primarily designed
Shoulder-Launched M72A2/A3 for use against the older generation of armored tanks and light-
Munitions armored vehicles.
The improved M72 warhead differs from the M72A2/A3 warhead in
that the improved M72 contains small fin blades and a small copper
M72A4/5/6/7
cone, as opposed to the folding fins and larger copper cone on the
(Improved M72)
M72A2/A3 warhead. The improved M72 is primarily designed for use
against the improved armor of light-armored vehicles.
1-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
Table 1-2. Launcher specifications.

M141 BDM
Extended/Ready To Fire 55 inches
LENGTH
Closed/Carry 32 inches
WEIGHT (TOTAL) 16 pounds
Inner and outer filament-wound composite tubes, which are stored one within the other to shorten
Launch Tubes
the carry length
Electrical, arms munition when the firing mechanism cover is fully opened
Firing
Mechanism
Note. The safety and trigger buttons are exposed only when the cover is opened.
Rifle-type, three posts (a central post for engaging stationary or moving
Front targets head-on or straight away, and side posts for engaging targets
moving left or right)
Sight blade, range adjustment knob, range scale, 2-mm peephole for normal
Sights
Rear daylight visibility conditions, and 7-mm peephole for limited visibility
conditions; 500-meter range indicator, graduated in 50-meter increments
Can be fitted with the AN/PAQ-4C, AN/PEQ-2, AN/PVS-4, or AN/PAS-13
Night
using a fixed mounting rail
Folding metal and rubber bracket designed to rest against the firer’s shoulder to support the
Shoulder Stop
COMPONENTS launcher while aiming and firing
Sling Adjustable for carrying the munition and providing firing support
Secures the munition in the closed position
Transport Safety
Pin
Note. The launcher will not arm if the tube is not fully extended and locked.
Firing Mechanism Protects the firing mechanism and arms the munition when fully opened
Safeties
Cover (exposes the safety button and trigger button)
Safety Button Unlatches the trigger button when pressed and held
Note. The launcher will not arm if the firing mechanism cover is not all the way forward against the
tube and the safety button is pressed.
Trigger To initiate launch, the firer must press a red trigger button (exposed when the firing mechanism
Assembly cover is opened).
Front and Designed to absorb the shock of daily handling and transport
Rear Front Has an environmental fire-through muzzle cover
Bumpers Rear Has an inner environmental seal (blown away during launch)
Olive drab green with yellow color-coded band (HE warhead), gold color-coded band (field handling trainer [FHT]),
or no band (BDM 21-mm subcaliber trainer) located on the forward end of the launcher
COLOR/
MARKINGS
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-3

Chapter 1
Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued).

M136 AT4
LENGTH 40 inches
Launch Tube Single fiberglass reinforced launch tube
Firing Mechanical; consists of a red trigger button, an enclosed firing rod and spring, and three safety
Mechanism devices
Resemble those of the M16-series rifle—
Front Sight blade with a center post and left and right lead posts
Sights Rear daylight visibility conditions, and 7-mm peephole for limited visibility conditions;
500-meter range indicator, graduated in 50-meter increments
Can be fitted with the AN/PAQ-4C, AN/PEQ-2, AN/PVS-4, or AN/PAS-13 using
Night
the nightsight mounting bracket (NSN 5340-01-391-3004)
Folding metal and plastic bracket designed to rest on the firer’s shoulder to support the launcher
while aiming and firing
Shoulder Stop
Note. When not in use, it is snapped to the underside of the launcher.
Note. The munition cannot be fired until all three safeties have been disengaged.
COMPONENTS
Transport
Blocks the firing pin from striking the cartridge percussion cap
Safety Pin
Has two positions: SAFE and cocked
Cocking • When the munition is in the SAFE position, there is no engagement
Safeties Lever between the firing rod and the trigger.
• When the munition is cocked, the firing rod is engaged with the trigger.
Connected to the firing rod, prevents the firing rod from striking the firing pin
Red Safety
when disengaged
Release
Catch
Note. To disengage the red safety release catch, press it down and hold.
Trigger To initiate launch, the firer must press the red trigger button located on the right side of the
Assembly launcher in tandem with the red safety release catch.
Front and Designed to absorb the shock of daily handling and transport
Rear Front Has an environmental fire-through muzzle cover
Bumpers Rear Encloses an inner venturi and baseplate (blown away during launch)
Olive drab green with black-yellow-black color-coded band (HE antiarmor round, after 1998), black color-coded
band (HE antiarmor round, prior to 1998), gold color-coded band (FHT), or no band (M287 9-mm tracer bullet
trainer) located on the forward end of the launcher
COLOR/
MARKINGS
1-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction

M136A1 AT4CS
LENGTH 41 inches
Launch Tube Single fiberglass reinforced launch tube
Firing Mechanical; consists of a red trigger button, an enclosed firing rod and spring, and three safety
Mechanism devices
Resemble those of the M16-series rifle—
Rifle-type, three posts (a central post for engaging stationary or moving targets
Front
head-on or straight away, and side posts for engaging targets moving left or right)
Sights Sight blade, range adjustment knob, range scale, 2-mm peephole for normal
Rear daylight visibility conditions, 7-mm peephole for limited visibility conditions, and
400-meter range indicator, graduated in 50-meter increments
Night
fixed mounting rails
Folding metal and plastic bracket designed to rest on the firer’s shoulder to support the launcher
Shoulder Stop
Note. When not in use, it is snapped to the underside of the launcher.
Sling Adjustable for carrying the munition
COMPONENTS Note. The munition cannot be fired until all three safeties have been disengaged.
Transport
Blocks the firing pin from striking the cartridge percussion cap
Safety Fork
Has two positions: SAFE and cocked
Cocking • When in the SAFE position, there is no engagement between the firing rod
Safeties Lever and the trigger.
• When the munition is cocked, the firing rod is engaged with the trigger.
Connected to the firing rod, prevents the firing rod from striking the firing pin
Safety
when disengaged
Release
Catch
Note. To disengage the safety release catch, press it down and hold.
Trigger To initiate launch, the firer must press the red trigger button located on the left side of the
Assembly launcher in tandem with the red safety release catch.
Front and Designed to absorb the shock of daily handling and transport, have environmental fire-through
Rear Bumpers muzzle covers
Front Grip Folding front grip used to support the munition while aiming and firing
Olive drab background with black-yellow-black color-coded band (HE antiarmor round) or gold color-coded band (FHT)
COLOR/
MARKINGS
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-5

Chapter 1

M72A2/A3
Closed 25 inches
LENGTH
Extended 35 inches
WEIGHT (TOTAL) M72A2/A3 5 pounds
Two telescoping aluminum and fiberglass tubes, one inside the other
Launch Tube Outer Tube Fiberglass-reinforced plastic
Inner Tube Aluminum
Firing
Mechanical, consists of a firing pin rod with spring, three safety elements, and trigger button
Mechanism
Reticle graduated in 25-meter range increments (50 to 350 meters), curved
Front
stadia lines, lead indicators on each side of the stadia lines
Steel bracket with a rubber boot and plastic peep sight that adjusts automatically
Sights Rear
to temperature change
Night
the nightsight mounting bracket (NSN 5340-01-391-3004)
Folding metal rear cover designed to rest against the firer’s shoulder to support the launcher
Shoulder Stop
COMPONENTS
Keeps the launcher from extending and secures the rear cover to the launcher
Transport
Safety Pin
Safeties
Trigger
Located on the top rear of the outer tube, just forward of the trigger spring boot;
Safety
pulled to release, and pushed in to prevent ignition
Handle
Trigger Trigger spring boot located on top of the launcher, just between the rear sight and the trigger
Assembly safety handle
Must be removed before firing, protect the rocket against dirt and moisture
Front End
Front Attached to the launcher, acts as shoulder stop while aiming and firing
Cover and
Rear Attached to the sling, which is removed for firing
Rear Cover
Note. Do not discard the sling; it must be replaced if the munition is not fired.
Olive drab/black background with white printed label (ROCKET HE 66 MM ANTITANK M72A2/A3 W/COUPLER),
practice trainers will be labeled as such in place of ”HE ROCKET”
DANGER
IF THE M72A2 LAW DOES NOT STATE "W/COUPLER" ON ITS DATA
PLATE, TURN THE MUNITION IN TO THE UNIT AMMUNITION
SECTION. THE COUPLER PREVENTS THE INNER AND OUTER
TUBES FROM SEPARATING AND CAUSING PREMATURE
DETONATION.
COLOR/
MARKINGS
1-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction

M72A4/5/6/7 (IMPROVED M72)
Closed 31 inches
LENGTH
Extended 39 inches
WEIGHT (TOTAL) M72A4/5/6/7 8 pounds
Two telescoping aluminum and fiberglass tubes, one inside the other
Launch
Outer Tube Fiberglass-reinforced plastic
Tube
Inner Tube Aluminum
Firing
Mechanical, consists of a firing pin rod with spring, three safety elements, and trigger button
Mechanism
Sight blade, center post, and two lead posts; contains an automatic temperature-
Front compensating element to adjust the front sightpost height to match the rocket
performance
Rear daylight visibility conditions, and 7-mm peephole for limited visibility conditions;
Sights 350-meter range indicator, graduated in 50-meter increments
Can be fitted with the AN/PAQ-4C, AN/PEQ-2, AN/PVS-4, or AN/PAS-13 using the
nightsight mounting bracket (NSN 5340-01-391-3004)
Night
Note. The M72A7 has a fixed mounting rail at the forward end for laser light device
COMPONENTS use.
Folding metal and rubber rear cover designed to rest against the firer’s shoulder to support the
Shoulder Stop
launcher while aiming and firing
Keeps the launcher from extending and secures the rear cover to the launcher
Transport
Safety Pin
Safeties
Trigger
Located on the top rear of the outer tube, just forward of the trigger spring boot;
Safety
pulled to release and pushed in to prevent ignition
Handle
Trigger Trigger spring boot located on top of the launcher, just between the rear sight and the trigger
Assembly safety handle
Must be removed before firing, protects the rocket against dirt and moisture
Front End
Front Attached to the sling, which is removed for firing
Cover and
Rear Attached to the launcher, acts as shoulder stop while aiming and firing
Rear Cover
Note. Do not discard the sling; it must be replaced if the munition is not fired.
Olive drab/black background with white-printed label (ROCKET, HE 66MM M72A4/5/6/7) and black color-coded
band, practice trainers will be labeled as such in place of ”HE ROCKET”
COLOR/
MARKINGS
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-7

Chapter 1
ROCKET
1-6. Each launcher contains a rocket, which is propelled from the launcher upon ignition. Table 1-3
depicts the rockets associated with shoulder-launched munitions.
Note. The weights and measurements are approximate. See the corresponding TM for more
information.
Table 1-3. Rocket specifications.

M141 BDM
HE Dual-Mode Assault Rocket
The dual-mode rocket consists of three major components: a HE warhead, a dual-mode fuze, and a rocket motor. The warhead’s function
(quick or delay mode) is automatically determined by the fuze when the rocket impacts a target. This automatic feature ensures that the
most effective kill mechanism is employed.
CALIBER 83-mm
MUZZLE VELOCITY 217 meters per second (712 feet per second)
LENGTH 22 inches
WEIGHT 10 pounds
M136 AT4
High-Explosive Antitank (HEAT) Cartridge
The M136 AT4 is issued a round of ammunition with an integral, rocket-type cartridge. The cartridge consists of a fin assembly with a
tracer element; a point-initiating, base-detonating, piezoelectric fuze; a warhead body with liner; and a precision shaped explosive charge.
CALIBER 84-mm
MUZZLE VELOCITY 290 meters per second
LENGTH 18 inches
WEIGHT 4 pounds
M136A1 AT4CS
HEAT Cartridge
The M136A1 AT4CS is issued a round of ammunition with an integral, rocket-type cartridge. The cartridge consists of a fin assembly with a
tracer element; a point-initiating, base-detonating, piezoelectric fuze; a warhead body with liner; and a precision shaped explosive charge.
CALIBER 84-mm
LENGTH 18 inches
WEIGHT 4 pounds
1-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
Table 1-3. Rocket specifications (continued).

M72A2/A3
HE Rocket
The M72A2/A3 is issued with a round of ammunition. It contains a nonadjustable propelling charge and a rocket. Every M72A2/A3 has an
integral HEAT warhead in the rocket’s head or body section. The fuze and booster are in the rocket’s closure section. The propellant, its
igniter, and the fin assembly are in the rocket’s motor. No inert versions are available.
CALIBER 66-mm
LENGTH 20 inches
WEIGHT 2 pounds
M72A4/5/6/7 (IMPROVED M72)
HE Rocket
The round of ammunition is issued with the improved M72.
M72A4: The warhead is composed of aluminum and is filled with 70/30 octol explosive. It also has a lightened igniter body mass for
reduced rear debris danger zone. The warhead also contains a M412A1 fuze modified for a higher velocity rocket.
M72A5: The warhead is the same as the M72A4, but has a M72A3 ogive to provide armor penetration.
M72A6: The warhead is the same as the M72A4, but has a copper explosively formed penetrator (EFP) liner for penetration with larger
diameter holes and greater spallation effects.
M72A7: The warhead is the same as the M72A6, but is filled with PBXN-9 explosive. The warhead also has a graze function.
CALIBER 66-mm
LENGTH 21 inches
WEIGHT 3 pounds
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-9

Chapter 1
Effects
1-7. While the operations of shoulder-launched munitions are similar, they produce different effects
(Table 1-4).
Table 1-4. Effects of shoulder-launched munitions.
M141 BDM—HE DUAL-MODE ASSAULT ROCKET
The 83-mm HE assault rocket warhead consists of a dual-mode fuze, an aluminized composition A-3 explosive charge, and 2.38
pounds of explosive.
Warhead detonation is instantaneous when impacting a hard target, such as a brick or concrete wall, or an
Impact/Ignition armored vehicle. Impact with a softer target, such as a sandbagged bunker, results in a fuze time delay that
permits the rocket to penetrate the target before warhead detonation.
Penetration of a soft target is enhanced by the high kinetic energy retained by the rocket as it impacts the
target. The rocket motor case is located directly behind the warhead, providing additional energy to drive the
Penetration warhead into the target. The rocket configuration also provides directional stability as the rocket enters soft
targets, which greatly enhances lethality, especially when engaging targets at oblique angles. This directional
stability after impact keeps the rocket from deflecting away from the target wall.
M136 AT4 and M136A1 AT4CS—HEAT CARTRIDGE
The M136 AT4’s warhead has excellent penetration ability and lethal after-armor effects. The extremely destructive, 440-gram
shaped-charge explosive penetrates about 14 inches (M136 AT4) or 16 inches (M136A1 AT4CS) of armor.
Impact The nose cone crushes; the impact sensor activates the fuze.
The piezoelectric fuze element activates the electric detonator. The booster detonates, initiating the main
Ignition
charge.
Penetration The main charge fires and forces the warhead body liner into a directional gas jet that penetrates armor plate.
After-Armor
Effects The projectile fragments and incendiary effects produce blinding light and highly destructive results.
(Spallation)
M72A2/A3 and M72A7—66-mm HE ROCKET
The 66-mm HEAT rocket warhead consists of a tapered, thin-gauge steel body. Once it explodes, the force and heat of the
explosive focus into a small, but powerful, gas jet. This directional jet penetrates the target and, if the target is a vehicle, sprays
molten metal inside. If the jet hits an engine or ammunition, it may start a fire or cause an explosion.
Impact The nose cone crushes; the impact sensor activates the fuze.
Ignition The ogive crush switch activates the electric detonator. The booster detonates, initiating the main charge.
Penetration The main charge fires and forces the warhead body liner into a directional gas jet that penetrates armor plate.
After-Armor
Effects The projectile fragments and incendiary effects produce blinding light and highly destructive results.
(Spallation)
1-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
OBSERVATION DEVICES
1-8. Shoulder-launched munitions can have one or two types of sights:
z Fixed launcher sights.
z Attachable sights.
Fixed Launcher Sights

1-9. Shoulder-launched munition sights come fixed to the round of munition, and are stowed within the
launcher and released for use. Except for the M72-series, all shoulder-launched munition sights are similar
in design. Each sight requires its own methods of ranging and sighting a target.
M136-Series Shoulder-Launched Munitions and M141 Bunker Defeat Munitions

1-10. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and M141 BDM launchers have front and rear blade sights
(Figure 1-2).
Figure 1-2. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and

M141 bunker defeat munition front and rear blade sights.
Front Sight
1-11. The front sight (Figure 1-3) has a sight blade with a center post and left and right lead posts. A
semicircular white line helps the firer obtain the proper sight picture.
Rear Sight
1-12. The rear sight (Figure 1-4) has a sight blade, range adjustment knob, range scale, 2-mm peephole for
normal daylight visibility conditions, and 7-mm peephole for limited visibility conditions. The range scale
is indexed with ranges from 100 to 500 meters in 50-meter increments, with the exception of the M136A1
AT4CS, which is indexed from 100 to 400 meters.
Note. When firing M136-series munitions and the M141 BDM, the range should be set to the
nearest 50 meters and not be automatically left on the battlesight setting (200 meters for M136-
series munitions, 150 meters for the M141 BDM) to avoid missing the target and causing
possible duds.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-11

Chapter 1

M141 bunker defeat munition front sight.

M141 bunker defeat munition rear sight.
1-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
M72A2/A3 Shoulder-Launched Munitions

1-13. The M72A2/A3 has front and rear sight blade sights (Figure 1-5).
Figure 1-5. M72A2/A3 front and rear blade sights.

Front Sight
1-14. The M72A2 launcher front sight (Figure 1-6) has a raised vertical range line marked with ranges
from 50 to 350 meters in 25-meter increments. Two curved stadia lines are etched on the front sights. Lead
indicators are located on either side of the stadia lines to help engage moving targets.
Note. Do not use the stadia lines on this sight to estimate range, because they are inaccurate.
Figure 1-6. M72A2/A3 front sight.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-13

Chapter 1
WARNING
M72A2/A3 front sights contain a radioactive substance. Do not
handle excessively. Detach and dispose of in accordance with the
standing operating procedure (SOP) after firing the munition.
1-15. On the M72A3, Soldiers should use the front sight illuminated range marks at the 100- and 150-
meter points to help engage targets in low light.
Notes. 1. Not all M72A3 shoulder-launched munitions have illuminated front sight range
marks. Because shoulder-launched munitions are discarded after firing in combat,
sights with illuminated range marks that contain radioactive substances were
eventually discontinued due to environmental concerns.
2. To resolve complaints that the firer couldn't see through the clear plastic blade
during limited visibility conditions if it was dirty, the front sight was also modified
to include a simple wire lattice in the top half of the front sight picture
(Figure 1-6).
Rear Sight
1-16. M72A2/A3 launchers have the same rear sight. The rear sight (Figure 1-7) consists of a steel bracket
with a rubber boot and plastic peep sight. This sight automatically adjusts to changes in temperature; its
settings are unaffected by temperature.
Figure 1-7. M72A2/A3 rear sight.
1-14 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
Improved M72 Shoulder-Launched Munitions

1-17. Improved M72 shoulder-launched munitions launchers have front and rear blade sights (Figure 1-8).
Figure 1-8. Improved M72 shoulder-launched munitions

front and rear blade sights.
Front Sight
1-18. The front sight (Figure 1-9) has three lead posts to help line up fast-moving, slow-moving, or
stationary targets. The front sight is spring-loaded to automatically adjust for temperature-induced
performance differences.
Figure 1-9. Improved M72 front sight.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-15

Chapter 1
Rear Sight
1-19. The rear sight (Figure 1-10) is more like a standard rifle sight; it has a range setting knob, a range
indicator in 50-meter increments, and two apertures (peep holes), a daylight aperture and a low light
aperture.
Figure 1-10. Improved M72 rear sight.
Attachable Sights
1-20. Shoulder-launched munitions do not come with dedicated night vision sights (NVSs). Soldiers must use
unit weapon night vision devices (NVDs) when conducting operations during limited visibility conditions.
External sights, such as the AN/PVS-4 and AN/PAS-13-series NVSs, and the AN/PAQ-4 and AN/PEQ-series
laser aiming lights/illuminators can be mounted directly to the M136A1 AT4CS, the M141 BDM, and the
improved M72. The M72A2/A3 and the M136 AT4 require a NVD mounting bracket.
Note. The NVD mounting bracket kit is issued with the AN/PVS-4 NVS.
AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Sight

1-21. The AN/PVS-4 NVS (Figure 1-11) is issued with various accessories, including a bracket that allows
for use on the M72A2/A3 and M136 AT4. However, this works only if field maintenance has already
installed a M72A1 (for M72A2/A3) or M67 (for the M136 AT4 and the M72 improved launcher) reticle.
Note. Though the reticle was developed for the M72A1, it can also be used with M72A2/A3
launchers.
1-16 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
Figure 1-11. AN/PVS-4 night vision sight.
AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) Light Weapon Thermal Sight and AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V3) Heavy Weapon Thermal Sight
1-22. The AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) light weapon thermal sight (LWTS) and the AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V3)
heavy weapon thermal sight (HWTS) (Figure 1-12) are silent, lightweight, compact, and durable battery-
powered infrared (IR) imaging sensors that operate with low battery consumption.
Notes. 1. Both the LWTS and the HWTS are referred to henceforth as a singular thermal
weapon sight (TWS). For more information, refer to TMs 11-5855-312-10,
11-5855-316-10, and 11-5855-317-10.
2. The TWS can be used on all shoulder-launched munitions, but the LWTS is
recommended to reduce launcher weight.
1-23. The TWS is capable of target acquisition under conditions of limited visibility, such as darkness,
smoke, fog, dust, and haze. It operates effectively both at night and during the day. The TWS is composed
of two functional groups: the telescope and the basic sensor.
Figure 1-12. AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) light weapon thermal sight

and AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V3) heavy weapon thermal sight.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-17

Chapter 1
AN/PAQ-4B/C Infrared Aiming Light

1-24. The AN/PAQ-4B/C IR aiming light (Figure 1-13) projects an IR laser beam that is invisible to the naked eye,
but can be seen with NVDs. This aiming light works with the AN/PVS-7-series goggles and the AN/PVS-14.
Figure 1-13. AN/PAQ-4B/C infrared aiming light.
AN/PEQ-2A/B Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light

1-25. AN/PEQ-2A and AN/PEQ-2B aiming lights (Figure 1-14) are Class IIIb laser devices that emit a
collimated beam of IR light for precise aiming and a separate IR beam for illumination of the target or
target area. Both beams can be independently zeroed to the munition and to each other. The beams can be
operated individually or in combination in both high and low power settings.
Notes. 1. The IR illuminator is equipped with an adjustable bezel to vary the size of the
illumination beam based on the size and distance of the target.
2. A safety block is provided for training purposes to limit the operator from
selecting high power modes of operation.
1-26. The aiming lights are used with NVDs and can be used as handheld illuminators/pointers or mounted
on the munition with the included brackets and accessory mounts. In the mounted mode, the aiming lights
can be used to direct fire and to illuminate and designate targets.
AN/PEQ-15 Advanced Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light

1-27. The AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer/illuminator/aiming light (Figure 1-15) is a multifunctional
laser device that emits visible or IR light for precise weapon aiming and target/area illumination. It has two
different types of lasers:
z The visible aiming laser provides for active target acquisition in low-light and close quarters
combat situations without the need for NVDs.
z The IR aiming and illumination lasers provide for active, covert target acquisition in low light or
complete darkness when used in conjunction with NVDs.
Note. The AN/PEQ-15 can be used as either a handheld illuminator/pointer or can be mounted to
weapons equipped with a MIL-STD-1913 rail.
1-18 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Introduction
Figure 1-14. AN/PEQ-2A/B target pointer/illuminator/aiming light.
Figure 1-15. AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer/illuminator/aiming light.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-19

Chapter 2
TRAINING
An effective training strategy integrates resources into a year-round program to train
the individual and collective skills needed to perform the unit’s wartime mission.
This ensures that units are trained to fight and win on the battlefield. The training
strategy supports both the generating force and operational Army.
SECTION I. TRAINING STRATEGY

The Army shoulder-launched munition training strategy is a concept of integrating resources into a program to
train and sustain individual and collective marksmanship skills. The shoulder-launched munition training
strategy begins in initial entry training (IET) and continues to the unit, where sustainment and collective
training continue to build on the basic skills and introduce additional skills.
OBJECTIVES
2-1. The procedures and techniques for implementing the Army shoulder-launched munition training strategy
are based on the concept that designated Soldiers should understand common firing principles and be confident
in their ability to apply their firing skills in combat.
OVERVIEW
2-2. There are two primary components of a marksmanship training strategy: initial training and sustainment
training. Both may include individual and collective tasks and skills.
Note. If a long period of time elapses between initial and sustainment sessions or training
doctrine is altered, retraining may be required.
INITIAL TRAINING
2-3. In IET, Soldiers learn about the operation and function of shoulder-launched munitions using a hands-on
training approach with the field handling trainer (FHT) or field-expedient trainer (FET). The tasks include the
following:
z Receive an orientation safety briefing.
z Perform pre-fire serviceability checks on a shoulder-launched munition.
z Prepare a shoulder-launched munition for firing.
z Demonstrate correct firing positions.
z Determine correct sight picture.
z Understand and apply the fundamentals of marksmanship:
Steady hold.
Aiming procedures, including eye placement, sight alignment, and sight picture.
Breath control.
Trigger manipulation.
z Perform misfire procedures.
z Restore the shoulder-launched munition to a carrying configuration.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-1

Chapter 2
2-4. IET training culminates in the Soldier’s proficiency assessment, in which the Soldier demonstrates the
integrated act of firing using the M287 subcaliber training launcher. This evaluation enables leaders to
determine the effectiveness of the training. Figure 2-1 shows the IET training strategy.
Figure 2-1. Training strategy for initial entry training.

SUSTAINMENT TRAINING
2-5. Training continues in regular Army, Army National Guard (ARNG), and United States Army Reserve
(USAR) units using the same basic skills taught in IET.
Note. Units must have a plan not only for when they are at their home station, but for when they
are deployed as well.
2-6. To sustain the basic marksmanship skills taught in IET, training is conducted, followed by practice and
qualification fire. Key elements include—
z The training of trainers.
z The use of training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations (TADSS).
z Sustainment training.
z Remedial training.
Note. See Appendix B for more information about TADSS.
2-7. Additional skills trained in the unit include—

z Types of targets.
Tracked and wheeled vehicles.
Manmade structures.
z Target engageability.
Estimate range.
Stationary and moving target engagement techniques.
Munition selection.
Attack points.
z Firing while wearing mission-oriented protective posture (MOPP) gear.
z Firing using aiming devices and NVDs, including—
Mounting.
Operating.
Sight alignment.
Target engagement.
z Limited visibility training.
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Training
2-8. These skills are trained and integrated into collective training exercises, such as squad and platoon field
training exercises (FTXs) and live-fire situational training exercises (STXs).
2-9. General marksmanship knowledge and weapon proficiency are perishable skills. A year-round
marksmanship sustainment program is needed for the unit to maintain the individual and collective firing
proficiency requirements to accomplish its mission. Figure 2-2 shows a year-round training strategy guide.
Note. Currently, no single type of shoulder-launched munition can eliminate both armor and
reinforced, hardened targets. Because of this, Soldiers must be familiar with the purpose and
employment of all types of shoulder-launched munitions.
DESIGNATED MARKSMEN TRAINING

2-10. In addition to the conduct of a year-round training strategy for all Soldiers, commanders should select
three Soldiers per squad to serve as the primary and alternate shoulder-launched munition designated
marksmen.
2-11. These Soldiers should receive sustainment training more frequently and be expected to maintain a higher
level of proficiency; they should conduct sustainment training quarterly and fire the appropriate tables
semiannually. These Soldiers should also receive more frequent opportunities to fire live munitions.
Notes. 1. Subcaliber training launchers enable Soldiers to practice applying the

fundamentals of marksmanship, but do not fully prepare Soldiers for the blast
effects of live munitions. These blast effects can affect the Soldier’s accuracy, and
designated marksmen should become accustomed to these effects so that they can
place accurate fire. For this reason, annual firing with live munitions is
recommended.
2. Soldier accuracy deteriorates after experiencing the blast effects of the initial
round. Firing assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round
causes the firer to concentrate more on blast effects than the target. This can be
overcome if Soldiers are given the opportunity to fire more shoulder-launched
munitions and at a greater frequency. Soldiers can use simulators that closely
replicate the blast effects of firing live munitions to reduce firer anticipation.
2-12. Commanders should use the unit’s experienced designated marksmen as trainers and range safety
personnel when conducting shoulder-launched munition training. When working as an assistant instructor, these
designated marksmen can load subcaliber training launchers to reduce time on the firing line and enforce safety
procedures.
Selection Criteria
Note. Soldiers designated to carry or fire a shoulder-launched munition at the squad or platoon
can be of any rank as long as they meet the other criteria.
2-13. When selecting designated marksmen, commanders should consider—

z Longevity.
z Qualification scores.
Longevity
2-14. Commanders should consider using newly assigned Soldiers to reduce retraining due to personnel turnover.
Qualification Scores
2-15. The fundamentals of rifle marksmanship are similar to those of shoulder-launched munition marksmanship.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-3

Chapter 2
Figure 2-2. Unit marksmanship sustainment strategy.
QUALIFICATION REQUIREMENTS
2-16. Qualification requirements for Soldiers assigned to an Infantry or reconnaissance platoon/section differ
from those for Soldiers assigned to maneuver and sustainment units.
Note. See AR 350-1 for specific requirements pertaining to marksmanship training and DA
PAM 350-38 for live-fire frequency requirements.
2-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
TRAINING PHASES
2-17. Soldiers progress through three phases of training:
z Preliminary.
z Basic.
z Advanced.
PRELIMINARY
2-18. Preliminary shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training covers those tasks learned during a Soldier’s
initial training, as well as target engagement procedures. Preliminary marksmanship training includes the following
tasks:
z Perform serviceability checks on a shoulder-launched munition.
z Estimate range to a target.
z Apply the fundamentals of marksmanship (to obtain a correct sight picture), such as—
Steady hold.
Breath control.
z Return the shoulder-launched munition to the carrying configuration.
Notes. 1. Preliminary tasks should be taught or reinforced before conducting any form of
live-fire training.
2. With proper training and oversight by the instructor/trainer, a Soldier with poor
marksmanship skills can improve those skills with the help of the Engagement
Skills Trainer (EST) 2000. See Appendix B for more information about the EST
2000.
BASIC
2-19. Basic shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training begins at the conclusion of Phase I. Basic
shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training includes the following tasks:
z Identify targets.
z Determine target engageability.
z Engage targets using MOPP engagement techniques (practice day fire).
z Install and operate NVSs.
z Install and operate aiming lights.
z Perform practice fire (using subcaliber training launchers) in daytime and limited visibility conditions.
z Use other TADSS.
ADVANCED
2-20. Advanced shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training begins at the conclusion of Phase II.
Advanced shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training includes the following tasks:
z Load and maintain the subcaliber training launchers.
z Use and maintain other TADSS.
z Use the proper methods of engagement (single, sequence, pair, and volley fire).
z Perform qualification fire (using subcaliber training launchers) in daytime conditions.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-5

Chapter 2
z Use and maintain NVSs, and perform sight alignment procedures.

z Use and maintain aiming lights, and perform sight alignment procedures.
z Perform qualification fire (using subcaliber training launchers) in limited visibility conditions.
COLLECTIVE
2-21. Collective training begins at the conclusion of Phase III. Collective training includes—
z Perform collective squad and platoon training exercises.
z Conduct live-fire training exercises.
SECTION II. UNIT MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING PROGRAM

2-22. An effective unit marksmanship program reflects the priority, emphasis, and interest of commanders and
trainers. This section outlines a marksmanship training program strategy as guidance in establishing and
conducting an effective unit training program. The strategy consists of the individual and leader refresher
training for maintaining the basic skills learned during IET. It progresses to training advanced and collective
skills.
MISSION-ESSENTIAL TASKS
2-23. Unit commanders should focus their shoulder-launched munition training programs to support their
mission-essential task lists (METLs).
Note. Refer to FM 7-0 for more information about developing METLs and long-range, short-
range, and near-term training plans.
TRAINING ASSESSMENT
2-24. To conduct an effective shoulder-launched munition marksmanship program, the unit commander must
determine the current marksmanship proficiency of all assigned personnel. Constant evaluation provides
commanders understanding of where training emphasis is needed. All results are reviewed to determine any
areas that need strengthening, along with any individuals that require special attention. Based on this evaluation,
marksmanship training programs are developed and executed. Commanders continually assess the program and
modify it as required. To develop a training plan and assess the marksmanship program, commanders should
use the following tools:
z Direct observation of training.
z Spot checks.
z Review of past training.
2-25. Based on the commander’s evaluation, goals, and missions, quarterly, semiannual, or annual training
events are identified.
DIRECT OBSERVATION OF TRAINING

2-26. Observing and accurately recording performance reveals each Soldier’s practice and qualification fire
results and ability to hit targets. This also enables the commander to identify Soldiers who need special
assistance to reach required standards and those who exceed these standards.
SPOT CHECKS
2-27. Spot checks of individual marksmanship performance, such as interviews and evaluations of Soldiers,
provide commanders with valuable information about Soldier proficiency and knowledge of the marksmanship
tasks.
2-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
REVIEW OF PAST TRAINING

2-28. Commanders review past training to gain valuable information for developing a training plan. The
assessment should include the frequency and results of training.
COMMANDER’S EVALUATION GUIDE

2-29. The commander's evaluation guide contains three sections:
z Commander's priorities and intent.
z Soldier assessment.
z Trainer assessment.
2-30. The following is an example of a commander’s evaluation guide. Commanders can use this guide not
only to assess their unit’s marksmanship proficiency, but also to assess the unit leaders and their ability to
effectively implement a marksmanship program. They can also use it to develop noncommissioned officers
(NCOs) into subject matter experts.
Commander’s Priorities and Intent

2-31. When considering their priorities and intent, commanders answer the following questions:
z Have you clearly stated the priority of shoulder-launched munition proficiency in your unit?
What is it? Do the staff and subordinates support this priority? Is it based on your METL and an
understanding of FM 7-0?
z Have you clearly stated that practice and qualification fire are opportunities for the commander
to assess several skills relating to shoulder-launched munition readiness?
z How will practice and qualification fire be conducted? Will the prescribed procedures be
followed? Who will collect the data?
z Have you clearly stated the purpose and intent of preliminary instruction?
What skills will preliminary instruction address?
Will preliminary instruction be performance-oriented? Are tasks integrated?
z Have you determined the designated marksmen in your unit? How many? Who are they? What
additional training will they receive? How and where? What resources will this training require?
Soldier Assessment
2-32. During Soldier assessment, commanders answer the following questions:
z Do Soldiers maintain the munition in accordance with the TM? Do they have manuals?
z Do Soldiers conduct serviceability checks of the munition before training? Were deficiencies noted?
z Do Soldiers demonstrate an understanding of the munition’s operation, functioning, and capabilities?
z Can Soldiers correctly apply misfire procedures? Have they demonstrated this during dry-fire exercises?
z Can Soldiers precisely and consistently apply the fundamentals of shoulder-launched munition
marksmanship? To what standard have they demonstrated their mastery?
During preliminary training?
During sustainment training?
During a dry-fire exercise?
During a live-fire exercise (LFX)?
During a collective training exercise?
z Can Soldiers correctly mount external sighting systems to shoulder-launched munitions
(NVS/aiming light) and accurately align the devices to standard?
Do they understand how to properly mount and operate the NVS and aiming light?
Do they understand sight alignment procedures for the NVS and aiming light?
Do they understand sight alignment procedures?
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-7

Chapter 2
z Do Soldiers demonstrate their knowledge of the effects of movement, wind, and gravity while
firing? What feedback was provided? How?
z Can Soldiers scan a designated area and detect all targets out to the maximum range of shoulder-
launched munitions? If not, why?
z Can Soldiers perform range estimation? If not, why?
z Can Soldiers quickly engage targets from all firing positions out to the maximum effective range of
shoulder-launched munitions? If not, which targets were not engaged? Which were missed? Why?
z What is the hit distribution during collective LFXs?
z Do Soldiers demonstrate proficiency during target detection and acquisition techniques? When
using NVDs?
z Do Soldiers demonstrate individual marksmanship proficiency while wearing MOPP gear?
During collective exercises?
z Do Soldiers demonstrate proficiency during moving target engagements? If not, is moving target
training conducted?
z Based on onsite observations and analysis of training and firing performance, what skills or tasks
show a readiness deficiency?
What skills need training emphasis? Individual emphasis? Leader emphasis?
What are the performance goals?
Trainer Assessment
2-33. During trainer assessment, commanders answer the following questions:
z Who has trained or will train the trainers?
What is the subject matter expertise of the cadre?
Are they actually training the critical skills?
What aids and devices are used? Is EST 2000 properly used?
z What administrative constraints or training distracters can you overcome for the junior officer
and NCO?
z At what level are the resources necessary to train marksmanship controlled (time, training aids,
munitions, ranges)?
z Do the sergeants perform the duties they are charged with?
INSTRUCTORS/TRAINERS
2-34. Knowledgeable instructors or cadre are the key to marksmanship performance. All commanders must be
aware of maintaining expertise in marksmanship instruction/training in accordance with general subject
technical manuals (GS TMs), field manuals (FMs), TMs, Army regulations (ARs), and command SOPs.
SELECTION
2-35. Trainers within a unit are normally team, squad, and section leaders and platoon sergeants. These
Soldiers must—
z Demonstrate proficiency in all aspects of shoulder-launched munition marksmanship.
z Be proficient in applying the fundamentals.
z Know the importance of marksmanship training.
z Have qualified with all live munitions.
z Demonstrate competence and a professional attitude.
2-36. Before becoming trainers, they must be assessed carefully and their shortcomings must be corrected. The
commander chooses a method of assessing the trainers that ensures that their abilities are accurately evaluated.
With the assistance of unit senior trainers (command sergeants major and company first sergeants), platoon
leaders, and platoon sergeants, the commander performs the assessment.
2-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
DUTIES
2-37. Instructors/trainers help firers master the fundamentals of shoulder-launched munition marksmanship.
They ensure that firers consistently apply what they have learned. They must also perform the following tasks:
z Set up and run a range.
z Conduct an orientation safety briefing.
z Inspect the munitions for serviceability.
z Prepare the munitions for firing.
z Demonstrate the correct firing positions.
z Estimate range.
z Obtain the correct sight picture.
z Perform the correct combat and training misfire procedures.
z Return the munition to the carrying configuration.
z Mount NVDs and conduct sight alignment procedures.
z Set up and fire subcaliber training launchers.
z Coach marksmanship techniques.
2-38. Successful trainers know how to operate the training devices for the shoulder-launched munitions
assigned to their units. Trainers must know the appropriate combat techniques for employing shoulder-launched
munitions.
TRAINING THE TRAINER

2-39. The goal of a progressive train-the-trainer program is to achieve a high state of combat readiness.
Through the active and aggressive leadership of the chain of command, a perpetual base of expertise is
established and maintained.
Note. The commander should identify unit personnel who have had assignments as
marksmanship instructors. These individuals should be used to train other unit cadre by
conducting preliminary, basic, and advanced marksmanship instruction for their Soldiers.
2-40. A suggested train-the-trainer program is outlined below:

z Conduct the marksmanship diagnostic test.
z Review operation and function of the munition, including misfire and safety procedures.
z Review effects of wind, gravity, and movement when firing.
z Review coaching techniques and device usage.
z Diagnose firing problems.
z Conduct preliminary, basic, and advanced marksmanship instruction.
z Conduct range operations.
z Conduct practice and qualification fire.
z Conduct shoulder-launched munitions live-fire training exercises.
z Plan and conduct squad STXs and platoon FTXs.
TRAINER CERTIFICATION PROGRAM

2-41. The certification program sustains the trainers’ expertise and develops methods of training. The program
standardizes procedures for certifying marksmanship trainers. Trainers’ technical expertise must be
continuously refreshed, updated, and closely managed.
2-42. The training base can expect the same personnel changes as any other organization. Soldiers assigned as
marksmanship trainers will have varying degrees of experience and knowledge of training procedures and
methods. Therefore, the trainer certification program must be an ongoing process that is tailored to address
these variables.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-9

Chapter 2
2-43. All marksmanship trainers must complete the four phases of training using the progression steps, and the
records of training should be updated on a quarterly basis.
Notes. 1. Trainers who fail to attend or do not pass any phase of the diagnostic examination
will be assigned to subsequent training.
2. At a minimum, formal records should document program progression for each

trainer.
Phase I
2-44. During this phase, the trainer must accomplish the following tasks and be certified by the chain of
command:
z Be briefed on the concept of the certification program.
z Be briefed on the unit marksmanship training strategy.
z Review the unit marksmanship training outlines.
z Review issued reference material.
z Visit training sites and firing ranges.
Phase II
2-45. Phase II should be completed no more than two weeks following the conclusion of Phase I. During Phase
II, the trainer demonstrates his mastery of all skills taught during preliminary, basic, and advanced
marksmanship training, and his performance is reviewed by the chain of command. The results of this review
are recorded and maintained on the trainer’s progression sheet, which is, in turn, designed in accordance with
the unit SOP.
Phase III
2-46. During this phase, the trainer sets up and conducts firing on the various ranges. He explains the targets
and scoring procedures. The trainer explains the purpose of practice and qualification fire, range layout, and the
conduct of training. This validates that the trainer has gained the knowledge necessary to conduct training. The
results of this review are recorded and maintained on the trainer’s progression sheet.
Phase IV
2-47. The final phase of the train-the-trainer program tests the trainer. During this phase, the trainer sets up a
range and conducts training for at least one person. If ammunition and subcaliber training launchers are
available, the trainer conducts a firing exercise. If ammunition and subcaliber training launchers are not
available, the evaluation is based on the quality of training given.
SECTION III. TRAINING PREPARATION

2-48. Training preparation involves three steps:
(1) Conduct a training risk assessment.
(2) Conduct an environmental risk assessment.
(3) Make range coordinations.
CONDUCT A TRAINING RISK ASSESSMENT

2-49. The officer in charge (OIC) or noncommissioned officer in charge (NCOIC) conducts a training risk
assessment. It is vital to identify unnecessary risks by comparing potential benefit to potential loss. The
composite risk management (CRM) process allows units to identify and control hazards, conserve combat
power and resources, and accomplish the mission. This process is cyclic and continuous; it must be integrated
into all phases of operations and training.
2-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
Application of the risk management process will not detract from this training goal,
but will enhance execution of highly effective, realistic training.
FM 7-0, TRAINING FOR FULL-SPECTRUM OPERATIONS
2-50. There are five steps to the CRM process:

(1) Identify hazards.
(2) Assess hazards to determine risk.
(3) Develop control measures and make risk decisions.
(4) Implement control measures.
(5) Supervise and evaluate.
Note. Risk decisions must be made at the appropriate level.
IDENTIFY HAZARDS
2-51. When identifying hazards, leaders should consider—
z The lethality of the shoulder-launched munitions used.
z The area in which training is to be conducted.
z How the addition of new elements impacts known hazards.
Surface Danger Zones

2-52. Surface danger zones (SDZs) are exclusion areas identified to protect personnel from the munitions fired
during training. Each SDZ contains two areas:
z Backblast danger area.
z Downrange danger area.
Backblast Danger Area

2-53. When all shoulder-launched munitions are fired, propellant gases exit from the back of the launcher with
tremendous force. The resulting backblast (heat, overpressure, and launch debris) can damage equipment or
seriously injure personnel who are too close to the rear of the launcher.
DANGER
DURING TRAINING, THE ENTIRE BACKBLAST AREA MUST BE
MARKED OFF AND KEPT CLEAR OF PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT,
AND OBSTRUCTIONS.
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition

2-54. The backblast danger area for the M141 BDM is similar in composition and characteristics to that of the
M136 AT4, but contains an expanded ear protection caution area. The munition produces sound pressure levels
that may exceed 140 decibels; dangerous noise levels exist within 445 meters of a fired munition (Figure 2-3).
Note. See TM 9-1340-228-10 for more information.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-11

Chapter 2
DANGER
WHEN THE M141 BDM IS FIRED, EAR PROTECTION MUST BE
WORN IN THE EAR PROTECTION CAUTION AREA. PERMANENT
EAR DAMAGE MAY RESULT IF YOU FIRE THE M141 BDM
WITHOUT EAR PROTECTION OR YOU ARE WITHIN 445 METERS
LEFT, RIGHT, OR TO THE REAR OF THE FIRED LAUNCHER
WITHOUT EAR PROTECTION.
Figure 2-3. M141 bunker defeat munition backblast and ear protection caution area.
M136 AT4
2-55. The total backblast area extends 100 meters to the rear of the launcher in a 90-degree fan
(Figure 2-4).
WARNINGS
This munition must not be fired from an enclosure or from a
fighting or prone position during training. See TM 9-1315-886-12
for more information.
When operating temperatures fall below freezing (0 degrees
Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit), the dimensions of all backblast
areas and safety zones double.
2-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
M136Al AT4 Confined Space

2-56. The M136Al AT4CS backblast area contains two danger zones (Figure 2-5):
z Danger Zone A.
z Danger Zone B.
2-57. Danger Zone A presents dangers from backblast, heat, and flying debris. Obstacles such as barriers, big
trees, or other vertical objects must not be in this zone. Danger Zone B presents dangers from backblast, flying
debris, and noise.
Figure 2-4. M136 AT4 backblast area.
Figure 2-5. M136A1 AT4 confined space backblast area.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-13

Chapter 2
Firing From a Confined Area

2-58. The confined space must be a room with the following dimensions or larger (Figure 2-6):
z The inside area must be a minimum of 12 feet wide and 15 feet long (about 3.5 meters wide and
4.5 meters long).
z The ceiling must be a minimum of 7 feet (2.1 meters) high.
z The window opening must be a minimum of 36 inches wide and 36 inches long (1 meter wide
and 1 meter long).
z The door opening must be a minimum of 36 inches wide and 72 inches long (1 meter wide and 2
meters long).
z The structure should be of significant construction to withstand the munition's backblast.
2-59. The following requirements must be followed when firing indoors:
z Fire in the standing position only.
z Cover and/or protect all equipment (i.e., small arms, radio set, etc.) in the room.
z Remove any loose objects which might be thrown when firing from directly behind the launcher.
z Keep stuffed furniture (e.g., mattresses, cushions, pillows, etc.) in the room to absorb pressure.
z Hang a blanket 1.5 to 2 meters behind the launcher and 15 to 30 cm from the rear wall. This
considerably reduces sound pressure.
z Open all windows and doors in room.
z Do not allow the angle of the launcher to exceed 20 degrees of depression from the horizontal
plane. Do not fire the munition at any angle of elevation (Figure 2-7). Do not allow the angle of
the launcher to exceed 45 degrees left or right from the vertical plane.
z Wear combat arms earplugs (CAEs).
z Fire the munition no more than 10 cm (4 inches) from a door or window frame (Figure 2-8).
Figure 2-6. Minimal dimensions of a confined space.
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Training
Figure 2-7. Angle of launcher.
Figure 2-8. Minimal distance from door or window frame.

2-60. The following restrictions apply when firing indoors with additional personnel (more than the firer)
occupying the room:
z No more than three personnel (including the firer) are allowed inside the room.
z Soldiers providing cover fire for the firer must be positioned outside of the munition's backblast
area (Figures 2-9 and 2-10).
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-15

Chapter 2
Figure 2-9. Soldier positions for firing a M136A1 AT4 confined space
on an oblique left azimuth.
Figure 2-10. Soldier positions for firing a M136A1 AT4 confined space
on an oblique right azimuth.
2-16 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
M72A2 and M72A3

2-61. The total backblast area extends 40 meters (44 yards) to the rear of the launcher and is divided into two
zones (Figure 2-11):
z Danger zone.
z Caution zone.
Note. During training, both zones should be marked off limits.
2-62. All personnel, equipment, and flammable material must be clear of the danger zone. The munition’s
backblast may throw loose objects to the rear; therefore, personnel must also stay clear of the caution area.
Figure 2-11. M72A2 and M72A3 backblast area.

M72A4/A5/A6/A7
2-63. The total backblast area for these munitions extends 70 meters to the rear of the launcher (Figure 2-12).
Figure 2-12. M72A4/A5/A6/A7 backblast area.
Note. The total backblast area is greater for the M72A4/A5/A6/A7 than for the M72A2/A3.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-17

Chapter 2
Downrange Danger Area

2-64. The downrange danger area is the area in front of the launcher into which the munition will fire.
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition

2-65. The downrange danger area requirements for the M141 BDM are illustrated in Figure 2-13.
Figure 2-13. Downrange danger area for the M141 bunker defeat munition.
M136 AT4
2-66. The downrange danger area requirements for the M136 AT4 are shown in Figure 2-14.
Figure 2-14. Downrange danger area for the M136 AT4.
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Training
M136A1 AT4 Confined Space

2-67. Figure 2-15 shows the downrange danger area requirements for the M136A1 AT4CS.
Figure 2-15. Downrange danger area for the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
M72A4/A5/A6/A7
2-68. Figure 2-16 shows the downrange danger area requirements for the M72A4/A5/A6/A7.
Figure 2-16. Downrange danger area for the M72A4/A5/A6/A7.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-19

Chapter 2
Operating Temperatures
2-69. No shoulder-launched munition should be fired when its temperature exceeds its operating temperature
limit range (Table 2-1).
CAUTION
Firing shoulder-launched munitions in temperatures outside operating
temperature limits could cause a misfire or produce some other hazard
for the Soldier.
Note. When operating in cold weather, bringing the M141 BDM into a warm enclosure may
cause damage. The change in temperature will make metal components sweat and the moisture
can cause rust or corrosion.
WARNING
Do not use sharp instruments to chip off snow or ice. Do not thaw
a munition near a direct flame.
Note. In hot weather, munitions should be stored in a shaded area and properly ventilated,
whether they are located at training sites or at fighting positions.
Table 2-1. Operating temperatures.

MUNITION OPERATING TEMPERATURES
STORAGE FIRING
o o o o
M141 BDM -50 F (-45 C) to +160 F (+70 C) -25°F to +120°F (-32°C to +49°C)
M136 AT4 -50°F to +160°F (-46°C to +71°C) -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C)
M136A1 AT4CS -50°F to +160°F (-46°C to +71°C) -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C)
M72A4/5/6/7 (Improved M72) -50°F to +160°F (-45.6°C to +71°C) -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C)
M72A2/A3 -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C) -40°F to +140°F (-40°C to +60°C)
Target Engagement Ranges

2-70. Fragments formed by the detonation of the tactical warhead can be hazardous to the firer and other
personnel who are on, or close to, the firing line. The velocity of these fragments increases with target hardness.
Target engagement ranges are designed to place firers where they are safe, but where the targets are still
engageable. Table 2-2 shows the target engagement ranges for shoulder-launched munitions.
Table 2-2. Target engagement ranges for shoulder-launched munitions.
MUNITION M141 BDM M136 AT4 M136A1 AT4CS M72A2/A3 Improved M72
Minimum Training 150 meters 160 meters 160 meters 100 meters 100 meters
Range Combat 15 meters 10 meters 30 meters 10 meters 25 meters
Arming Range 15 meters 10 meters 9 to 15 meters 9 to15 meters 25 meters
Maximum Range 2,000 meters 2,100 meters 2,100 meters 1,000 meters 1,400 meters
Maximum Engagement Range 500 meters 500 meters 400 meters 250 meters 350 meters
200 meters for a
stationary target,
165 meters for a
moving target
Maximum Effective Range 250 meters 300 meters 300 meters Note. Beyond 220 meters
these ranges, there
is less than a 50
percent chance of
hitting the target.
2-20 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
DANGER
WHEN FIRING SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS WITHIN THE
ARMING RANGE, THE FIRER MUST EXPOSE ONLY THOSE
PARTS OF THE BODY NEEDED TO ENGAGE THE TARGET. THE
FIRER MUST TAKE IMMEDIATE COVER AFTER LAUNCH. ALL
FRIENDLY PERSONNEL IN THE AREA OF THE TARGET MUST BE
BEHIND PROTECTIVE COVER. TARGET AND ROCKET DEBRIS
MAY CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.
WHEN FIRING A SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION LESS THAN
ITS MINIMUM RANGE, THE FIRER MUST EXPOSE ONLY THOSE
PARTS OF THE BODY NEEDED TO ENGAGE THE TARGET. THE
FIRER MUST TAKE IMMEDIATE COVER AFTER LAUNCH. ALL
FRIENDLY PERSONNEL IN THE AREA OF THE TARGET MUST BE
BEHIND PROTECTIVE COVER. TARGET AND ROCKET DEBRIS
MAY CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.
WARNINGS
When firing the M141 BDM at soft targets less than 150 meters
(492 feet) away or firing at hard targets less than 200 meters (656
feet) away, fire from behind safe cover (i.e., sandbag wall,
concrete wall) to prevent injury from flying debris.
During M136-series munition training, hard targets must be

placed at least 160 meters (175 yards) downrange from the firing
position. When firing M136-series munitions at targets less than
160 meters away, fire from behind appropriate cover to prevent
possible injury from shrapnel. As the target distance decreases,
possibility of injury from shrapnel increases.
When firing the M72 at targets less than 100 meters away, fire
from behind appropriate cover to prevent possible injury from
shrapnel. As target distance decreases, possibility of injury from
shrapnel increases.
Dangerous noise levels exist within 445 meters of a fired shoulder-

launched munition. Operator and personnel must wear properly fitted,
approved earplugs to prevent permanent hearing loss or damage.
A firer of shoulder-launched munitions and all personnel within

100 meters (328 feet) behind a shoulder-launched munition firing
line must wear a helmet, protective vest, ear protection, and eye
protection or stand behind appropriate safe cover (i.e. sand bag
wall or inside a building) to prevent injury from flying debris.
Firing Limitations
2-71. The overpressure and noise created by firing shoulder-launched munitions requires special precautions
during training. To reduce these hazards, firers must observe the firing limitations shown in Table 2-3.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-21

Chapter 2
DANGER
DO NOT FIRE M136 AT4S, M141 BDMS, OR M72-SERIES
MUNITIONS FROM ANY ENCLOSURE OR FROM INDIVIDUAL
FIGHTING POSITIONS DURING TRAINING.
WHEN FIRED FROM WITHIN COVERED FIGHTING POSITIONS,
THE MUNITION’S BACKBLAST OVERPRESSURE CAN CAUSE
STRUCTURAL DAMAGE AND SEROUS INJURY OR DEATH TO
THE FIRER AND SOLDIERS PROVIDING SUPPORT.
WHEN FIRING FROM THE MODIFIED STANDING POSITION, THE
FIRER MUST KEEP THEIR BACK AGAINST THE WALL OF THE DUG-
IN FIGHTING POSITION TO MINIMIZE DEFLECTION. RAISING THE
FRONT END OF THE LAUNCHER CAN CAUSE THE BACKBLAST TO
BE DEFLECTED ONTO THE FIRER, CAUSING INJURY OR DEATH. IF
THE FIGHTING POSITION RESTRICTS THE BACKBLAST AREA,
THE FIRER SHOULD MOVE TO AN ABOVE-GROUND POSITION
BEFORE FIRING THE SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION.
Table 2-3. Range firing limitations.

MUNITION ASSOCIATED MATERIAL MAXIMUM NUMBER OF ROUNDS THAT MAY BE FIRED
IN A 24-HOUR PERIOD
Prone 1
Sitting 0
M141 BDM TM 9-1340-228-10
Kneeling 3
Standing 6
Prone 0
Sitting 1
M136 AT4 TM 9-1315-886-12
Kneeling 3
Standing 3
Prone 70
Outdoor (with single Sitting 0
ear protection) Kneeling 14
Standing 28
M136A1 AT4CS TM 9-1315-255-13
Prone 0
Indoor (with combat Sitting 0
earplugs) Kneeling 0
Standing 1
M72A2/A3 TM 9-1340-214-10 4 (for Soldier firing the munition and personnel within 20 meters of
M72A7 TB 9-1340-230-13 the launcher, given that properly fitted, approved earplugs are worn)
Note. Shoulder-launched munitions TMs and this manual explain four firing positions: standing, kneeling, sitting, and prone.
Although shoulder-launched munitions can be fired from the four positions, the sitting and prone positions increase the
chances that blast/overpressure will injure the firer. Soldiers should be trained on assuming the four firing positions, but only
live fire from the standing and kneeling positions.
Duds
2-72. Soldiers should treat duds as hazardous ammunition. They should take corrective actions for removal and
disposal of dud rounds of ammunition in accordance with the unit SOP.
ASSESS HAZARDS TO DETERMINE RISK

2-73. Once identified, a hazard is assessed by considering the likelihood of its occurrence and the potential
severity of injury without considering any control measures. When assessing hazards, leaders should consider
the Soldiers' current state of training.
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Training
DEVELOP CONTROL MEASURES AND MAKE RISK DECISIONS

2-74. Leaders must apply two types of control measures to shoulder-launched munition risk assessments:
z Educational control measures.
z Physical control measures.
2-75. The unit commander's control measures should be clear, concise, executable orders.
Note. Most vital to developing CRM control measures is mature, educated leadership.
Educational Control Measures

2-76. Educational control measures occur when adequate training takes place. They require the largest amount
of planning and training time. Leaders implement educational control measures using two sequential steps:
(1) Supervisors and instructors must be certified.
(2) Soldier training must be executed.
Physical Control Measures

2-77. Physical control measures are the measures emplaced to reduce injuries. This includes not only protective
equipment, but also certified personnel to supervise the training. Unrestrained physical control measures are, in
themselves, a hazard.
IMPLEMENT CONTROL MEASURES

2-78. When leaders implement the control measures, they must match the control measures to the Soldier’s
skill level. They must also enforce every control measure as a means of validating its adequacy.
SUPERVISE AND EVALUATE

2-79. This step enables leaders to eliminate unnecessary risk and ineffective control measures by identifying
unexpected hazards and determining if the implemented control measures reduced the residual risk without
interfering with the training.
CONDUCT AN ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT

2-80. All leaders, trainers, and Soldiers must comply with environmental laws and regulations. The leader must
identify the environmental risks associated with training individual and collective tasks, and implement
environmental protection measures by integrating them into plans, orders, SOPs, training performance
standards, and rehearsals.
2-81. Environmental risk management parallels safety risk management and is based on the same philosophy.
Environmental risk management consists of identifying hazards before they happen and assessing hazards
caused during training.
Note. See FM 5-19 for more information.
IDENTIFY HAZARDS
2-82. Leaders should identify the potential sources for environmental degradation during the analysis of
mission, enemy, terrain, troops, time available, and civil considerations (METT-TC). An environmental hazard
is a condition with the potential for polluting air, soil, or water or destroying cultural or historical artifacts.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-23

Chapter 2
ASSESS HAZARDS
2-83. Leaders should analyze the potential severity of environmental degradation by using the environmental
risk assessment matrixes in FM 5-19. The risk effect value is defined as an indicator of the severity of
environmental degradation. Leaders quantify the environmental risk resulting from the operation as extremely
high, medium, or low using the environmental assessment matrixes.
MAKE RANGE COORDINATIONS

2-84. Once the risk assessment is completed, viewed, and command approved, the OIC or NCOIC should
check out the range and coordinate for range use.
Note. The OIC or NCOIC should coordinate at least one day ahead of actual use to rehearse
range setup and conduct.
TRAINING AIDS AND DEVICES

2-85. Appendix B of this manual outlines the training aids and devices used for shoulder-launched munition
training.
RANGES
2-86. Shoulder-launched munition training requires a range complex that meets specific standards. This
complex may be used for multilevel training and firing of shoulder-launched munitions.
Note. See TC 25-8 for more information about ranges.
Authorized Ammunition
2-87. Subcaliber training launchers and live shoulder-launched munitions may be used on the same range.
However, preliminary, basic, and advanced firing tables require moving target engagements. Most Army ranges
that authorize both small arms ammunition and high-explosive (HE) rounds do not have or may not support the
use of moving targets.
Note. To learn more about range specifications, check post range regulations.
Training Areas
2-88. Training areas should be near, but not adjacent to, the firing line.
Firing Line
2-89. The firing line should be designed to allow personnel to observe firing from the side. Firing points should
be positioned to allow 100 meters for backblast (Figure 2-17) and at least 20 meters between firing points.
Note. The distance between firing points allows for a rear safe area when engaging moving
targets.
Backblast Area
2-90. The backblast area must be fenced, roped, or marked in some way, so Soldiers know not to enter it when
firing is being conducted.
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Training
Figure 2-17. Firing line.
TARGET ARRAY
2-91. The target array should include stationary and moving vehicle targets and bunker targets at ranges of 100
to 300 meters. TADSS (Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System [MILES], EST 2000) enable the unit to
conduct practice fire on targets located beyond the munition's maximum effective range.
Note. Firers may use live HE munitions to engage hard targets (armor vehicles) only. This
reduces the damage to other targets the unit must maintain, such as multipurpose range complex
(MPRC) target systems and bunkers.
Stationary Targets
2-92. Standard vehicle silhouettes or tank hulls should be used for stationary vehicle targets. Bunker silhouettes
should have a dark, painted, 1-meter square at the bottom/center of a 4- by 8-foot plywood target or manmade
structure.
2-93. Stationary targets should be positioned to—
z Allow firers to engage flank, frontal, and oblique targets.
z Accommodate a vehicle and bunker target array at ranges of 100 to 300 meters.
Moving Targets
2-94. Moving target silhouettes should travel along a track or road so the firers can engage fast-moving targets
from both flank and oblique angles. Moving targets should be placed at ranges of 100 to 300 meters.
EQUIPMENT
2-95. The following is the minimum amount of range materiel and supplies needed to operate a practice- or
live-fire shoulder-launched munition range:
z A helmet, a body armor vest, load-carrying equipment (LCE) or an enhanced tactical load-
bearing vest (ETLBV), and ear protection for all range personnel and Soldiers attending training.
z Appropriate publications pertaining to training (GS TMs, FMs, TMs, ARs, SOPs).
z Range flag.
z Communications equipment.
z Targets in accordance with this manual.
z Shoulder-launched munitions (live/practice), as needed.
z TADSS, as needed.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-25

Chapter 2
Note. TADSS enable Soldiers to learn as much as they can about a munition before they attempt
to fire the actual munition. Their use saves money and time, and prevents injuries. See Appendix
B for more information about TADSS.
z Ambulance or required dedicated evacuation vehicle.
Note. The driver must have knowledge of the route to the hospital.
z Potable water.
z Scorecards in accordance with this manual.
PERSONNEL
2-96. In accordance with DA PAM 385-63, the following safety personnel are required for shoulder-launched
munition training (Table 2-4):
z OIC.
z Range safety officer (RSO).
Note. OICs and RSOs involved in serious range incidents may lose their certification if
determined to be in violation of AR 385-63 or DA PAM 385-63. While an incident is under
investigation, their certificate may be suspended for as long as deemed necessary or revoked by
the installation commander.
2-97. Safe and successful performance of training also requires experienced support personnel. Support
personnel required for training include—
z Safety NCOs.
z Ammunition personnel.
z Tower operator.
z Guards, as required.
z Medical personnel.
z Truck driver, if applicable.
Table 2-4. Officer in charge and range safety officer requirements.
SYSTEMS PERSONNEL
REQUIREMENTS
OIC RSO
Subcaliber training launchers SFC SSG
Live shoulder-launched munitions SFC SSG
LFXs, using organic weapons (squad through company, battery, and troop) SFC SSG
Combined arms live-fire exercises (CALFEXs) using outside fire support (section,
2 SFC SSG
platoon, squad, company, battery, troop, battalion, and squadron or larger)
1
When chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear (CBRN) training is being conducted, the OIC/RSO must be CBRN-
qualified.
2
The OIC will be a field-grade officer for battalion and larger-size units. For CALFEXs, the RSO will be of the ranks listed
above based on the complexity of the exercise and number of participants (i.e., squad, section, platoon, company, troop,
squadron, battalion, and larger).
Note. Ranks of other services, Army civilians, and contractors must be equivalent to U.S. Army ranks.
2-26 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
Officer in Charge and Noncommissioned Officer in Charge

2-98. The OIC must have satisfactorily completed a standard program of instruction in the duties of the OIC
(developed by the unit to which he is assigned) and attended a range safety briefing conducted by the
installation range control. The OIC or NCOIC must—
z Be knowledgeable in the munitions and subcaliber training launchers involved and the duties
required.
z Be certified by the commander.
Note. The rank of the OIC is determined by unit policies and regulations.
2-99. Once selected by the commander, the OIC should select the right personnel to conduct the training. Next,
he should appoint a NCOIC who has current experience in the use of shoulder-launched munitions. The OIC
and NCOIC should—
z Select and brief range support personnel on expected duties.
z Certify selected range personnel on their range duties.
Note. Before conducting training, the OIC and NCOIC should review unit SOPs, AR 385-63,
and DA PAM 385-63.
Range Safety Officer

2-100. The RSO should be the senior shoulder-launched munition instructor. The RSO must have satisfactorily
completed a standard program of instruction in the duties of RSO (developed by the unit to which he is
assigned) and attended a range safety briefing conducted by the installation range control. The RSO must—
z Be an E6 or above.
z Be knowledgeable in the munitions and subcaliber training launchers involved and the duties required.
z Ensure that the OIC has current safety cards.
z Perform no duties other than those of RSO.
Safety Noncommissioned Officers

2-101. Safety NCOs provide instruction, prepare shoulder-launched munitions, and conduct practice and live
shoulder-launched munition training safely. Safety NCOs should—
z Be an E5 or above.
z Be knowledgeable in the munitions and subcaliber training launchers involved and the duties
required.
z Be selected and certified on all shoulder-launched munition tasks by the OIC and NCOIC.
z Ensure that no firers are forward of or behind the person to his right or left on the firing line.
z Ensure that the firer identifies the correct target.
z Prepare and load all subcaliber training launchers.
z Ensure that the operator performs misfire procedures correctly, or correct the problem.
z Signal to the tower operator when firers are ready to fire.
z Move firers on and off the firing line.
z Provide shoulder-launched munition instruction.
z Demonstrate live-fire munitions.
Note. These personnel require no safety cards, but must be task-certified by their unit on all
shoulder-launched munition tasks.
Ammunition Personnel
2-102. The ammunition personnel are in charge of accountability and handing out shoulder-launched munitions.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-27

Chapter 2
Note. The ammunition NCO must attend an ammunition handler’s class provided by the local
ammunition supply point (ASP).
Tower Operator
2-103. The tower operator scores target hits, controls Soldier movements during range operations, and monitors
communications with range control.
Guards
2-104. Guards control vehicle and foot traffic entering the range during range operations.
Medical Personnel
2-105. Medical support (with required medical supplies) must be present before and during range operations.
Truck Driver
2-106. The truck driver transports personnel to and from the range and provides support as needed (e.g., water,
food, guard, etc.).
SECTION IV. TRAINING CONDUCT

2-107. Training conduct involves four steps:
(1) Occupy, inspect, and set up the range.
(2) Prepare for training.
(3) Conduct the training.
(4) Complete the training mission.
OCCUPY, INSPECT, AND SET UP RANGE

2-108. The OIC must establish communication with the installation’s range control and request permission to
occupy the range before personnel, materiel, or supplies arrive. Once this has been accomplished, the OIC and
NCOIC should—
z Set up ammunition points and post guards.
z Establish locations for a medical station.
z Designate Soldier holding areas.
z Establish water points.
z Designate parking areas.
z Inspect the range for operational conditions.
z Request an opening code from range control, if applicable.
z Raise the range flag.
PREPARE FOR TRAINING

2-109. The OIC and NCOIC should greet unit leaders and Soldiers as they arrive and direct them to the holding
area. Actions at the holding area include the following:
z Ensure all Soldiers attending training have a helmet, a body armor vest, LCE/ETLBV, ear
protection, and a protective mask.
z Identify Soldiers to be trained.
z Conduct a safety briefing (to include administrative personnel).
2-28 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
CONDUCT THE TRAINING

Note. The OIC should monitor all training activities.
2-110. Soldiers progress through three phases of training:

z Preliminary.
z Basic.
z Advanced.
2-111. Two forms are used to record the results of this training:
z DA Form 7676 (Day and Night Fire—M141 BDM [BDM Subcaliber Training Launcher],
Figure 2-18).
z DA Form 7677 (Day and Night Fire—M136 AT4 [M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher], Figure
2-19).
Note. Copies of these forms are located at the end of this publication for local reproduction on
8 1/2-by 11-inch paper.
WARNING
When firing the BDM subcaliber training launcher at targets less
than 100 meters away, fire from behind safe cover (i.e., sandbag
wall, concrete wall) to prevent injury from flying debris.
Do not fire the M287 subcaliber training launcher at target ranges

of less than 125 meters due to ricochet.
Dangerous noise levels exist within 100 meters of a fired

shoulder-launched munition. Operator and personnel must wear
properly fitted, approved earplugs to prevent permanent hearing
loss or damage.
PRELIMINARY
2-112. Preliminary shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training covers those tasks learned during a
Soldier’s initial training, as well as target engagement procedures. During this phase of training, Soldiers
receive instruction and perform hands-on training using a FET or FHT. This instruction covers the following
tasks:
z Perform serviceability checks on a shoulder-launched munition.
z Estimate range to a target.
z Apply the fundamentals of marksmanship (to obtain a correct sight picture), such as—
Steady hold.
Breath control.
z Return the shoulder-launched munition to the carrying configuration.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-29

Chapter 2
Notes. 1. Preliminary tasks should be taught or reinforced before conducting any form of
live-fire training.
2. With proper training and oversight by the instructor/trainer, a Soldier with poor
marksmanship skills can improve those skills with the help of the EST 2000. See
Appendix B for more information about the EST 2000.
2-113. Trainers administer performance evaluations to determine how well Soldiers perform against established
performance measures. Those who fail are retrained and retested, and those who pass help retrain and evaluate
those who did not.
BASIC
2-114. Basic shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training begins at the conclusion of Phase I. During
this phase of training, Soldiers receive instruction and perform hands-on training using a FHT, subcaliber
training launchers, and other TADSS. This instruction covers the following tasks:
z Identify targets.
z Determine target engageability.
z Engage targets using MOPP engagement techniques (practice day fire).
z Install and operate NVSs.
z Install and operate aiming lights.
z Use other TADSS.
Note. For more information about TADSS, see Appendix B.
those who did not.
2-116. Following this training, Soldiers perform practice fire (using subcaliber training launchers) in daytime
and limited visibility conditions.
Practice Day Fire

2-117. Soldiers conduct practice day fire using a BDM subcaliber training launcher and a M287 subcaliber
training launcher.
Note. During the execution of this training, range safety personnel should load the subcaliber
training launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
2-118. Table 2-5 shows the distribution of rounds.

Table 2-5. Distribution of rounds for practice day fire.
ROUND TYPE OF TARGET RANGE (METERS) FIRING POSITION
M141 BDM (BDM SUBCALIBER TRAINING LAUNCHER)
1 Stationary 100 to 200 Standing
2 Stationary 100 to 250 Modified Kneeling*
3 Moving 100 to 250 Standing
M136 AT4 (M287 SUBCALIBER TRAINING LAUNCHER)
2 Stationary 125 to 300 Modified Kneeling*
* The firer wears MOPP gear when firing from this position.
2-30 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
Figure 2-18. Example of completed DA Form 7676

(Day and Night Fire—M141 BDM [BDM Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-31

Chapter 2
Figure 2-19. Example of completed DA Form 7677

(Day and Night Fire—M136 AT4 [M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
2-32 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
M141 Bunker Defeat Munition (Bunker Defeat Munition Subcaliber Training Launcher)
2-119. Soldiers fire three rounds using a BDM subcaliber training launcher: two rounds at bunker targets at
ranges of 100 to 250 meters and one round at a moving target at a range of 100 to 250 meters. The purpose of
this firing is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during day conditions, demonstrate
correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy while receiving blast
overpressure effects. Table 2-6 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Note. Soldier accuracy deteriorates after experiencing the blast effects of the initial round. Firing
assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round causes the firer to concentrate
more on blast effects than the target. This can be overcome if Soldiers are given the opportunity to
fire more shoulder-launched munitions and at a greater frequency. Soldiers can use simulators that
closely replicate the blast effects of firing live munitions to reduce firer anticipation.
Table 2-6. Task, conditions, and standards for practice day fire
(bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher).
TASK Engage a target with a BDM subcaliber training launcher.
On a suitable MPRC. Given one BDM subcaliber training launcher and three HA21 training
CONDITIONS rockets, two bunker targets at ranges of 100 to 250 meters, and one target moving 8 to 24 km per
hour at a range of 100 to 250 meters.
The Soldier fires three rockets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least two hits.
STANDARD The Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the
fundamentals of marksmanship.
2-120. The results are recorded on Table 1 of DA Form 7676.
M136 AT4 (M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher)

2-121. Soldiers fire three rounds using a M287 subcaliber training launcher: two rounds at stationary targets at
correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy. Table 2-7 shows the
task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Table 2-7. Task, conditions, and standards for practice day fire
(M287 subcaliber training launcher).
TASK Engage a target with a M287 subcaliber training launcher.
On a suitable MPRC. Given one M287 subcaliber training launcher and three rounds of M939 9-mm
CONDITIONS training practice-tracer (TP-T) ammunition, two stationary targets at ranges of 125 to 300 meters, and
one target moving 8 to 24 km per hour at a range of 125 to 250 meters.
The Soldier fires three tracer bullets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least two
STANDARD hits. The Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies
the fundamentals of marksmanship.
Practice Night Fire

2-123. Soldiers conduct practice night fire using a BDM subcaliber training launcher and a M287 subcaliber
training launcher.
Notes. 1. During the execution of this training, range safety personnel should load the
subcaliber training launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
2. Practice night fire consists of hands-on installation of NVDs and firing. Instructors will
prepare all shoulder-launched munitions for conducting night fire.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-33

Chapter 2
2-124. Table 2-8 shows the distribution of rounds.

Table 2-8. Distribution of rounds for practice night fire.
2 Moving 100 to 200 Kneeling
2-125. Soldiers fire two rounds using a BDM subcaliber training launcher: one round at a bunker target at a
range of 100 to 250 meters and one round at a moving target at a range of 100 to 200 meters. The purpose of
this firing is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during limited visibility conditions,
demonstrate correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy while
receiving blast overpressure effects. Table 2-9 show the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round causes the firer to
concentrate more on blast effects than the target. This can be overcome if Soldiers are given the
opportunity to fire more shoulder-launched munitions and at a greater frequency. Soldiers can
use simulators that closely replicate the blast effects of firing live munitions to reduce firer
anticipation.
Table 2-9. Task, conditions, and standards for practice night fire
On a suitable MPRC. Given one BDM subcaliber training launcher, two HA21 training rockets,
CONDITIONS mounted NVDs, one bunker target at a range of 100 to 250 meters, and one target moving 8 to
24 km per hour at a range of 100 to 200 meters.
The Soldier fires two rockets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least one hit. The
STANDARD Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the

2-127. Soldiers fire two rounds using a M287 subcaliber training launcher: one round at a stationary target at a
range of 125 to 250 meters and one round at a moving target at a range of 125 to 200 meters. The purpose of
demonstrate correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy. Table 2-
10 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Table 2-10. Task, conditions, and standards for practice night fire
On a suitable MPRC. Given one M287 subcaliber training launcher and two rounds of M939
CONDITIONS 9-mm TP-T ammunition, mounted NVDs, one stationary target at a range of 125 to 250 meters,
and one target moving 8 to 24 km per hour at a range of 125 to 200 meters.
The Soldier fires two tracer bullets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least one hit.
2-34 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
ADVANCED
2-129. Advanced shoulder-launched munition marksmanship training begins at the conclusion of Phase II.
During advanced marksmanship training, Soldiers receive instruction and hands-on training on the following
tasks:
z Load and maintain the subcaliber training launchers.
z Use and maintain other TADSS.
z Use the proper methods of engagement (single, sequence, pair, and volley fire).
z Use and maintain NVSs, and perform sight alignment procedures.
z Use and maintain aiming lights, and perform sight alignment procedures.
those who did not.
2-131. Following this training, qualification day and night fire are conducted.
Qualification Day Fire

2-132. Soldiers conduct qualification day fire using a BDM subcaliber training launcher and a M287 subcaliber
training launcher. Table 2-11 shows the distribution of rounds.
Table 2-11. Distribution of rounds for qualification day fire.
2 Stationary 100 to 250 Modified Kneeling
2-133. Soldiers fire six rounds using a BDM subcaliber training launcher: four rounds at bunker targets at ranges
of 100 to 250 meters and two rounds at moving targets at ranges of 100 to 250 meters. The purpose of this firing
is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during day conditions, demonstrate correct firing
positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy while receiving blast overpressure
effects. Table 2-12 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Notes. 1. During the execution of this training, Soldiers should load the subcaliber training
launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
2. Soldier accuracy deteriorates after experiencing the blast effects of the initial round.
Firing assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round causes
the firer to concentrate more on blast effects than the target. This can be overcome if
Soldiers are given the opportunity to fire more shoulder-launched munitions and at a
greater frequency. Soldiers can use simulators that closely replicate the blast effects
of firing live munitions to reduce firer anticipation.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-35

Chapter 2
Table 2-12. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification day fire
On a suitable MPRC. Given one BDM subcaliber training launcher and six HA21 training rockets,
CONDITIONS four bunker targets at ranges of 100 to 250 meters, and two targets moving 8 to 24 km per hour
at ranges of 100 to 250 meters.
The Soldier fires six rockets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least four hits. The
STANDARD Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the

2-135. Soldiers fire six rounds using a M287 subcaliber training launcher: four rounds at stationary targets at
ranges of 125 to 300 meters and two rounds at moving targets at ranges of 125 to 250 meters. The purpose of
correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and achieve accuracy. Table 2-13 shows the
task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Note. During the execution of this training, Soldiers should load the subcaliber training launcher
and perform any necessary maintenance.
Table 2-13. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification day fire
On a suitable MPRC. Given one M287 subcaliber training launcher and six rounds of M939 9-mm
CONDITIONS TP-T ammunition, four stationary targets at ranges of 125 to 300 meters, and two targets moving
8 to 24 km per hour at ranges of 125 to 250 meters.
The Soldier fires six tracer bullets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least four hits.
Qualification Night Fire

2-137. Soldiers conduct qualification night fire using a BDM subcaliber training launcher and a M287
subcaliber training launcher. Table 2-14 shows the distribution of rounds.
Table 2-14. Distribution of rounds for qualification night fire.
2-138. Soldiers fire three rounds using a BDM subcaliber training launcher: two rounds at bunker targets at
receiving blast overpressure effects. Table 2-15 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
2-36 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
Notes. 1. During the execution of this training, Soldiers should load the subcaliber training
launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
2. Soldier accuracy deteriorates after experiencing the blast effects of the initial round.
Firing assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round causes
the firer to concentrate more on blast effects than the target. This can be overcome if
Soldiers are given the opportunity to fire more shoulder-launched munitions and at a
greater frequency. Soldiers can use simulators that closely replicate the blast effects
of firing live munitions to reduce firer anticipation.

Table 2-15. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification night fire
CONDITIONS On a suitable MPRC. Given one BDM subcaliber training launcher and three HA21 training
rockets, mounted NVDs, and two bunker targets at ranges of 100 to 250 meters, and one target
moving 8 to 24 km per hour at a range of 100 to 250 meters.
STANDARD The Soldier fires three rockets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least two hits.
The Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the

2-140. During qualification night fire, Soldiers fire three rounds using a M287 subcaliber training launcher: two
rounds at stationary targets at ranges of 125 to 300 meters and one round at a moving target at a range of 125 to
250 meters. The purpose of this firing is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during
limited visibility conditions, demonstrate correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and
achieve accuracy. Table 2-16 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Note. During the execution of this training, Soldiers should load the subcaliber training launcher
and perform any necessary maintenance.
Table 2-16. Task, conditions, and standards for qualification night fire
CONDITIONS On a suitable MPRC. Given one M287 subcaliber training launcher and three rounds of M939
9-mm TP-T ammunition, mounted NVDs, two stationary targets at ranges of 125 to 300 meters,
and one target moving 8 to 24 km per hour at a range of 125 to 250 meters.
STANDARD The Soldier fires three tracer bullets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least two
hits. The Soldier demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies
the fundamentals of marksmanship.
COLLECTIVE
2-142. Individual tasks must be integrated into collective training and rehearsals. To accomplish this,
commanders analyze the collective tasks from their unit METLs and the individual tasks that support these
collective tasks.
Collective Tasks
2-143. Table 2-17 contains a sample of collective tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may support.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-37

Chapter 2
Note. For more information about these collective tasks, see the Reimer Digital Library.
Individual Tasks Supported with Shoulder-Launched Munitions

2-144. Table 2-18 is a sample of individual tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may support.
Note. See STP 21-24-SMCT for more information.
Individual Shoulder-Launched Munitions Tasks

2-145. Table 2-19 is a task list of individual shoulder-launched munition tasks.
Note. See STP 21-1- SMCT for more information.
Table 2-17. Collective tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may support.

TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE SIZE OF ELEMENT
07-2-9001 Conduct an attack. Company/Platoon
07-2-9003 Conduct a defense. Company/Platoon
07-2-9004 Conduct a delay. Company/Platoon
07-2-9008 Conduct a raid. Company/Platoon
07-2-9009 Conduct a withdrawal. Company/Platoon
07-2-9010 Conduct an ambush. Company/Platoon
07-2-9011 Conduct tactical movement in an urban area. Company/Platoon
07-3-9013 Conduct action on contact. Platoon/Squad
07-3-9018* Clear a building. Platoon/Squad
07-3-9021* Clear a trench line. Platoon/Squad
Note. Tasks with an asterisk (*) are METT-TC dependent.
Table 2-18. Sample of individual tasks that shoulder-launched munitions may support.
TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE SKILL LEVEL
071-410-0019 Control organic fires. Levels 2, 3, and 4
071-420-0021 Conduct a movement to contact by a platoon. Level 3
191-377-4203* Supervise the establishment of a roadblock/checkpoint. Level 3
191-378-5315* Supervise an installation access control point. Level 3
191-379-4407* Plan convoy security operations. Level 3
071-326-5805* Conduct a route reconnaissance. Level 4
071-430-0006 Conduct a defense by a platoon. Level 4
551-721-4326* Perform duties as convoy commander. Level 4
181-101-4001* Conduct a search and seizure. Level 4
Notes.
1. Skill Level 2 (E-5 team leader), Skill Level 3 (E-6 squad leader), Skill Level 4 (E-7 platoon leader).
2. Tasks with an asterisk (*) are METT-TC dependent.
Shoulder-Launched Munitions Hands-on Training Tasks

2-146. Table 2-20 is a task list of shoulder-launched munition hands-on training tasks.
Note. Soldiers must receive instruction and pass performance testing criteria before conducting
LFXs.
Engagement Skills Trainer 2000

2-147. When planning training, unit trainers should incorporate shoulder-launched munitions training on the
EST 2000 into the unit’s training. EST 2000 provides both individual and collective scenarios for controlling
organic fires, and allows the unit trainer to properly evaluate the task being conducted. The unit trainer must
2-38 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training
also identify deficiencies and correct them by retraining Soldiers until they can employ the selected munitions
correctly.
Note. See Appendix B for more information about the EST 2000.
Force-on-Force Training
2-148. The MILES is a force-on-force trainer for shoulder-launched munitions. MILES is primarily used for
force-on-force training; however, Soldiers can fire practice tables using MILES on a MPRC.
Notes. 1. The MILES should not be used for sustainment training.
2. Refer to DA PAM 350-38 for frequency of collective training.
3. See Appendix C for more information about the MILES.
COMPLETE INDIVIDUAL TRAINING MISSION

2-149. At the completion of training, all equipment, range materiel, and ammunition should be accounted for,
range maintenance should be completed, and the OIC and RSO should close the range. This includes the
performing the following tasks:
z Request a closing code from range control.
z Release unit Soldiers.
z Remove all equipment and ammunition from the range.
Note. Turn in all unexpended munitions to the ASP.
z Have the explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) unit find and clear any duds.
z Police the range, and perform other range maintenance as required by local SOP.
z Request a range inspection from range control when ready to clear.
z Turn in paperwork and equipment.
z Submit an after-action report to headquarters.
z Report any noted safety hazards to proper authorities.
Table 2-19. Shoulder-launched munition individual tasks.

TASK NUMBER TASK TITLE SKILL LEVEL
M136 AT4
071-054-0001 Prepare a M136 AT4 launcher for firing. Level 1
071-054-0002 Restore a M136 AT4 launcher to carrying configuration. Level 1
071-054-0003 Perform misfire procedures on a M136 AT4 launcher. Level 1
071-054-0004* Engage targets with a M136 AT4 launcher. Level 1
M136A1 AT4CS
071-054-0011 Prepare a M136A1 AT4CS launcher for firing. Level 1
071-054-0012 Restore a M136A1 AT4CS launcher to carrying configuration. Level 1
071-054-0013 Perform misfire procedures on a M136A1 AT4CS launcher. Level 1
071-054-0014* Engage targets with a M136A1 AT4CS launcher. Level 1
M141 BDM
071-054-0021 Prepare a M141BDM launcher for firing. Level 1
071-054-0022 Restore a M141BDM launcher to carrying configuration. Level 1
071-054-0023 Perform misfire procedures on a M141BDM launcher. Level 1
071-054-0024* Engage targets with a M141BDM launcher. Level 1
Notes.
1. Skill Level 1 (E-1 thru E-4).
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 2-39

Chapter 2
Table 2-20. Hands-on training tasks.

REFERENCE TASK
M136 AT4—M136A1 AT4—M141 BDM
Preliminary Training
TM 9-1340-228-10 BDM
TM 9-1315-886-12 AT4 Perform serviceability checks on a shoulder-launched munition.
TM 9-1315-255-13 AT4CS
TM 9-1340-228-10 BDM
TM 9-1315-886-12 AT4 Prepare a shoulder-launched munition for firing.
TM 9-1315-255-13 AT4CS
Demonstrate correct firing positions.
Identify targets.
GS TM 3-23.25
Estimate range to a target.
Apply the fundamentals of marksmanship.
TM 9-1340-228-10 BDM
TM 9-1315-886-12 AT4 Perform misfire procedures on a shoulder-launched munition.
TM 9-1315-255-13 AT4CS
TM 9-1340-228-10 BDM
TM 9-1315-886-12 AT4 Restore a shoulder-launched munition to carrying configuration.
TM 9-1315-255-13 AT4CS
Basic Training
Determine target engageability.
GS TM 3-23.25 Select the appropriate shoulder-launched munition for a given target.
Use other TADSS.
Advanced Training
TM 9-1055-886-12&P M287 Load and maintain a subcaliber training launcher.
Use and maintain other TADSS.
Use proper methods of engaging targets (single, sequence, pair, and volley fire).
Conduct sight alignment.
GS TM 3-23.25
Detect targets (stationary and moving).
Determine target engageability.
Select proper firing positions to engage targets.
Notes.
1. Skill Level 1 (E-1 through E-4).
2-40 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Chapter 3
PROCESS OF FIRING
The process of firing involves inspecting, preparing, and firing the munition. Further,
Soldiers must understand proper care, handling, destruction, and decontamination
procedures in order to effectively employ shoulder-launched munitions.
SECTION I. PACKAGING AND INSPECTION

3-1. Inspection involves examining the munition’s packaging and the munition itself. All munitions
should be inspected upon receipt.
M141 BUNKER DEFEAT MUNITION

3-2. M141 BDMs will usually be delivered to the supply point on pallets. This munition comes encased in
a folding unit pack, which is secured in a metal ammunition container (Figure 3-1).
PACKAGING
3-3. The unit may receive M141 BDMs loaded on pallets and issue the munitions while held in their
individual metal containers.
Note. The munitions should remain in the shipping container until Soldiers are ready to use them.
Figure 3-1. M141 bunker defeat munition packaging and pallet details.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-1

Chapter 3
3-4. Upon removal from the pallet, the metal ammunition containers should be individually inspected for
damage. During this inspection, the containers must meet the following criteria:
z The container is not punctured or damaged.
z The container has the correct markings, including the serial number and bar code on the end of
container.
3-5. If any of the containers do not meet these criteria, Soldiers should notify a supervisor.
MUNITION
3-6. Once a container passes inspection, it should be opened and the munition unpacked. To unpack the
M141 BDM—
(1) Remove the metal ammunition container cover.
(2) Remove the unit pack from the container.
(3) Open the unit pack.
(4) Remove the munition.
3-7. Then, the Soldier should be able to observe and inspect the M141 BDM. The inspection is limited to
a visual inspection of the outer tube and its components. During this inspection, the M141 BDM should
meet the following criteria (Figure 3-2):
DANGER
USING DAMAGED MUNITIONS MAY CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.
INSPECT EACH MUNITION FOR DAMAGE WHEN RECEIVED. IF
DAMAGED, DO NOT USE.
z The body is free of dents, cracks, gouges, or holes.

z The front and rear bumpers are present, and there are no holes, tears, or punctures.
z The front sight cover, rear sight cover, firing mechanism cover, tube release button cover, and
shoulder stop cover are present and not damaged.
z The front and rear sights and the shoulder strap are present and not damaged.
z The sling shows no signs of fraying.
z When shaken, no sounds of loose or broken material come from inside the tube.
Note. If the munition is not to be used immediately, it should be returned to its shipping container.
3-8. If any of the munitions do not meet these criteria, Soldiers should notify a supervisor.
M136 AT4 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-9. M136 AT4s will usually be delivered to the supply point on pallets.
PACKAGING
3-10. Five M136 AT4s, each wrapped in a plastic barrier bag, are packed together in a wooden container.
The containers are too heavy to stack more than four deep on the pallets (Figure 3-3).
3-11. Upon removal from the pallet, the wooden containers should be individually inspected for damage.
During this inspection, the containers should meet the following criteria:
the container.
z Fasteners are intact and show no signs of tampering.
3-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-2. M141 bunker defeat munition inspection points.
Figure 3-3. M136 AT4 packaging and pallet details.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-3

Chapter 3
MUNITION
M136 AT4—
(1) Open the wooden container.
(2) Remove the plastic bags from the wooden container.
(3) Break the seal on the plastic bag.
Note. The plastic barrier bags have a V-notch cut 1 inch from the side to allow easy opening
without the aid of a tool.

3-14. The Soldier should then be able to observe and inspect the M136 AT4. The inspection is limited to a
visual inspection of the outer tube and its components. During this inspection, the M136 AT4 should meet
the following criteria (Figure 3-4):
DANGER
z The rear seal, a brown acrylic plastic plate inside the venturi (located on the rear end of the
munition), is in place and undamaged.
z The transport safety pin is in place and fully inserted. The lanyard is attached to the transport
safety pin and the launcher. The lanyard should already be wrapped around the launcher
clockwise, and the transport safety pin should be inserted in the retainer hole counterclockwise.
z The cocking lever is present and in the SAFE (uncocked) position.
z The plastic fire-through muzzle cover is in place and undamaged. If it is torn or broken, cut it out
and check the launch tube to ensure it is clear of foreign objects. Remove any that you find by
turning the tube muzzle downward and gently shaking the launcher.
Note. M136 AT4 launchers with missing muzzle covers and no obstruction are suitable for use.
However, these launchers should have their muzzle covers replaced as soon as possible to
prevent further damage and deterioration.
z The launcher has the correct color-coded band.

z The sights function properly. Open the sight covers to ensure the sights pop up and are
undamaged.
z The red safety release catch does not move when you depress it.
z The red trigger button is not missing.
z The launcher body has no cracks, dents, or bulges.
z The carrying sling is not frayed and is attached firmly to the launch tube.
z The shoulder stop is not broken or damaged, and it unsnaps and folds down.
Note. If the M136 AT4 is not to be used immediately, it should be returned to its plastic bag and
the bag resealed with tape.
3-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-4. M136 AT4 inspection points.
M136A1 AT4 CONFINED SPACE SHOULDER-LAUNCHED

MUNITION
3-16. M136A1 AT4CSs will usually be delivered to the supply point on pallets.
PACKAGING
3-17. Two M136A1 AT4CS munitions, each wrapped in a plastic barrier bag, are packed together in a
wooden container. The containers are too heavy to stack more than four deep and two containers wide on
the pallets (Figure 3-5).
3-18. Upon removal from the pallet, the wooden containers should be individually inspected for damage.
the container.
MUNITION
M136A1 AT4CS—
(2) Remove the plastic bags from the wooden container.
(3) Break the seal on the plastic bag.
Note. The plastic barrier bags have a V-notch cut 1 inch from the side to allow easy opening
without the aid of a tool.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-5

Chapter 3
3-21. The Soldier should then be able to observe and inspect the M136A1 AT4CS. The inspection is
limited to a visual inspection of the outer tube and its components. During this inspection, the M136A1
AT4CS should meet the following criteria (Figure 3-6):
DANGER
z The transport safety fork is in place and fully inserted. The lanyard is attached to the transport
safety fork and the launcher.
z The cocking lever is present and in the SAFE (uncocked) position.
z The rear bumper and dust cover are in place and undamaged. Check the rear dust cover for
moisture leaks (countermass leaks). If there is moisture/leakage coming from the rear dust cover,
the munition cannot be fired. -23
Note. If the M136A1 AT4CS launcher has a damaged/punctured rear dust cover but shows no
moisture/leakage, report it to a supervisor. A supervisor must then inspect the launcher to ensure
that there is no damage to the countermass container and remove any debris.
Figure 3-5. M136A1 AT4 confined space packaging and pallet details.
3-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
z The front bumper and dust cover are intact and no foreign objects are present. If the dust cover is
torn, cut it out and check the launch tube to ensure it is clear of foreign objects. Remove any that
you find by turning the tube muzzle downward and gently shaking the launcher.
Note. M136A1 AT4CS launchers with missing muzzle dust covers and no obstructions are
suitable for use. However, these launchers should have their muzzle covers replaced as soon as
possible to prevent further damage and deterioration.

z The sights function properly. Open the sight covers to ensure the sights pop up and are undamaged.
z The forward safety does not move when you depress it.
z The red trigger button is not missing.
z The launcher body has no cracks, dents, or bulges.
z The carrying sling is not frayed and is attached firmly to the launch tube.
z The front grip is attached firmly to the launcher. It remains closed until opened, and locks in the
open position.
z The shoulder stop is not broken or damaged, and it unsnaps and folds down.
Note. If the M136A1 AT4CS is not to be used immediately, it should be returned to its plastic
bag and the bag resealed with tape.
Figure 3-6. M136A1 AT4 confined space inspection points.
IMPROVED M72 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-23. Improved M72 shoulder-launched munitions will usually be delivered to the supply point on a pallet
with a steel frame. They come encased in sealed individual MK14 aluminum containers (Figure 3-7).
3-24. To remove the improved M72 containers from the pallet—
(1) Cut and remove the straps.
(2) Remove the frame.
(3) Remove three rows of containers.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-7

Chapter 3
(4) Cut and remove the upper girthwise strap.

(5) Remove two rows of containers.
(6) Cut and remove the lower girthwise strap.
(7) Remove the remaining containers.
PACKAGING
3-25. Upon removal from the pallet, the metal containers should be individually inspected for damage.
z The container has the correct markings, including the serial number and bar code on the side of
the container.
z The lids are intact and show no signs of tampering.
MUNITION
3-27. Once a container passes inspection, it should be opened and the munition unpacked (Figure 3-8). To
unpack the improved M72—
(1) Grasp the container, cut the wire seal, and unscrew the lid counterclockwise.
(2) Remove the cushion material and launcher.
(3) Save the container and cushion material for repacking the munition.
Figure 3-7. Improved M72 inspection and unpacking points.
3-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-8. Improved M72 containers.

3-28. The Soldier should then be able to observe and inspect the munition. The inspection is limited to a
visual inspection of the outer tube and its components. During this inspection, the munition should meet the
following criteria (Figure 3-9):
DANGER
z The launcher is not damaged, bent, or missing parts.

z The launch tube has no holes, gouges, cracks, bulges, or other damage.
z The sling is intact, and the sling hooks are not bent.
z The data plates and stickers are not blurred or missing, and do not contain incorrect
nomenclature.
z The transport safety pin is in place and fully inserted.
z The lanyard is attached to the transport safety pin and the launcher.
z The transport pin lock is not broken.
z The trigger safety handle is present and in the SAFE (uncocked) position.
z The trigger cover is not torn.
z The igniter or flash tube is not split or separated from the launcher.
z The front cover and rear cover/shoulder stop is not damaged.
z The sights function properly. Extend the launcher to ensure the sights pop up and are
undamaged.
z The launcher has no foreign debris present. Ensure the launcher is free of foreign debris before
reattaching the sling.
Note. If the munition is not to be used immediately, it should be returned to its shipping
container.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-9

Chapter 3
Figure 3-9. Improved M72 inspection points.
M72A2/3 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-30. M72A2/A3s will usually be delivered to the supply point in a wire-bound wooden box. Three inner
packs are placed in the box (Figure 3-10).
3-31. To remove the M72A2/A3 launchers from the box—
(1) Keep the marking “NOSE END” facing the least hazardous area.
(2) Check for proper item nomenclature.
Note. Stand to the side of the “NOSE END” marking when opening the crate.
(3) Unfasten the wire hoops.
WARNING
Do not use sharp instruments to open the crate cover or the inner
package.
PACKAGING
3-32. Five complete M72A2/A3 munitions are packaged inside a box, within a fiberboard inner pack
(Figure 3-11). The wooden boxes should be individually inspected for damage. During this inspection, the
containers should meet the following criteria:
3-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
the container.
Figure 3-10. M72A2/A3 inspection and unpacking points.
Figure 3-11. M72A2/A3 packaging details.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-11

Chapter 3
MUNITION
M72A2/A3—
(2) Remove the fiberboard insert from the wooden container.
(3) Break the seal on the fiberboard insert.
3-35. The Soldier should then be able to observe and inspect the munition. The inspection is limited to a
visual inspection of the outer tube and its components. During this inspection, the munition should meet the
following criteria (Figure 3-12):
DANGER
z The body has no dents, cracks, or bulges.

z The rubber boots covering the trigger bar and barrel detent have no tears or punctures.
z The arming handle is present and in the SAFE position.
z The pull pin is in place.
z The data plate has the phrase “W/COUPLER (Figure 3-13)”.
Figure 3-12. M72A2/A3 inspection points.
3-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-13. M72A2/A3 launcher data plate.
DANGER
IF THE M72A2 LAW DOES NOT STATE "W/COUPLER" ON ITS
DATA PLATE, TURN THE MUNITION IN TO THE UNIT
AMMUNITION SECTION. THE COUPLER PREVENTS THE INNER
AND OUTER TUBES FROM SEPARATING AND POSSIBLY
CAUSING PREMATURE DETONATION.
Note. If the munition is not to be used immediately, it should be returned to its shipping
container.
SECTION II. ARMING PROCEDURES

All shoulder-launched munitions require some form of preparation before firing. The following paragraphs
outline the steps involved in preparing each type.

3-37. To prepare the M141 BDM—
WARNING
Keep the munition pointed toward the target, and keep the
backblast area clear.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-13

Chapter 3
DANGER
WHEN OPERATING A SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION, KEEP
IT POINTED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE TARGET. ENSURE YOUR
WHOLE BODY IS CLEAR OF THE MUZZLE AND REAR OF THE
LAUNCHER, AND ENSURE THE BACKBLAST AREA IS CLEAR.
CAUTION
Always wear ear protection, ballistic eye protection, a helmet, and a
protective vest when firing shoulder-launched munitions.
(1) Remove the M141 BDM from its carrying position, and cradle it in your left arm (Figure 3-14).
Figure 3-14. Cradling the M141 bunker defeat munition.

(2) Keeping the munition's muzzle pointed toward the target area, perform the following step:
In training, face the rear when preparing the round for firing.
In combat, keep your eyes on the target area while preparing the round for firing. Ensure that
nearby Soldiers are aware of your intent, and that the backblast area is clear before firing.
(3) Supporting the munition with your right arm, place the munition under your left arm.
(4) With your right hand, pull and release the transport safety pin (Figure 3-15).
Note. This pin is important; you must reinsert it if you do not fire the launcher. Unless it is
attached to the launcher with a lanyard, you must keep it in a safe place.
(5) Depress the tube release button with your left thumb (Figure 3-16).
(6) Grasp the rear tube (inner tube) just in front of the rear bumper with your right hand, and extend
the inner tube rearward until it stops.
Note. A yellow band is visible at the inner tube front end when the tube is fully extended.
(7) Release the tube release button.

(8) Rotate the inner tube clockwise (in the direction of the arrow) until it locks (Figure 3-17).
3-14 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-15. Removing the transport safety pin on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
Figure 3-16. Extending the tube on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-15

Chapter 3
Figure 3-17. Locking the M141 bunker defeat munition inner tube.
(9) Verify that the inner tube is locked by attempting to rotate the inner tube counterclockwise
(opposite to the arrow).
Note. If the tubes are not locked, the munition will not arm.
(10) Inspect the inner tube for cracks, dents, or punctures. If any are present, return the munition to
the carrying configuration, and dispose of it according to the unit SOP.
(11) Press the shoulder stop lock/release button, and pull the shoulder stop out (Figure 3-18).
Figure 3-18. Unlocking and unfolding the shoulder stop on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
(12) Grip the forward end of the munition with your left hand and the rear end of the munition with
your right hand.
(13) Raise the munition out and away from your body.
(14) While keeping the munition pointed at the target, pivot your body 180 degrees to face the target.
(15) Place the munition on your right shoulder.
3-16 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(16) Reach forward with your left hand, and grasp the front sight cover. Press down, and slide it
rearward (Figure 3-19).
(17) With your left hand, grasp the rear sight cover. Press down, and slide it forward (Figure 3-19).
Figure 3-19. Deploying the sights on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
(18) Wrap the sling strap around your left bicep. Cup the bottom of the munition with your left hand,
and slide it back toward your body to tighten the sling.
Note. When firing the M141 BDM, the weapon sling should be used to increase firer control, as
is done with a conventional rifle; however, DO NOT wrap the sling around your left arm as one
would with a rifle.
WARNING
Check the backblast area before firing the munition.
(19) Ensure the backblast area is clear of personnel.

(20) Grasp the firing mechanism cover with your right hand, and rotate the cover all the way forward
until the cover is flush with the outer tube (Figure 3-20).
Notes. 1. If the firing mechanism cover is not flush with the launch tube, the munition will
not arm.
2. The word ARMED can be seen in red letters when the cover is opened.
(21) Adjust the rear sight to the correct range, using the following (Figure 3-21):
Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset at the 150-meter battlesight range setting.
z To adjust the rear sight range setting to more than 150 meters, turn the range knob
clockwise (toward the muzzle).
z To decrease the range, turn the range knob counterclockwise (toward the firer).
Note. There is an audible clicking sound at each 50-meter increment; this sound aids you during
limited visibility.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-17

Chapter 3
Figure 3-20. Arming the firing mechanism on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
Figure 3-21. Adjusting the rear sight on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
(22) Place the fingertips of your right hand on the safety button (located on top of the firing
mechanism), and press down. Then, place your right thumb on the red trigger button.
(23) Pull the shoulder stop against your shoulder.
(24) Aim the launcher.
Note. The rear sight should be no less than 2 1/2 inches and no more than 3 inches from your eyes.
3-18 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(25) Press the trigger button forward with the thumb of your right hand, and hold until the munition
fires (Figure 3-22).
Figure 3-22. Firing the M141 bunker defeat munition.
M136 AT4 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-38. To prepare the M136 AT4—
WARNING
DANGER
CAUTION
(1) Remove the M136 AT4 from its carrying position, and cradle it in your left arm (Figure 3-23).
In training, face to your right when preparing the round for firing.
In combat, keep your eyes on the target area while preparing the round for firing. Ensure that
nearby Soldiers are aware of your intent, and that the backblast area is clear before firing.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-19

Chapter 3
(3) With your right hand, pull and release the transport safety pin (Figure 3-24).
Note. This pin is important; you must reinsert it if you do not fire the launcher. Unless it is
(4) Unsnap, unfold, and hold the shoulder stop with your right hand (Figure 3-25).
(5) Grip the base of the sling on the front of the launcher with your left hand and the shoulder stop
with your right hand.
Note. You can use the carrying strap to steady the munition.
Figure 3-23. Cradling the M136 AT4.
Figure 3-24. Removing the transport safety pin on the M136 AT4.
3-20 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-25. Unsnapping the shoulder stop on the M136 AT4.

(9) Reach forward with your right hand, and grasp the front sight cover. Press down, and slide it
rearward (Figure 3-26).
(10) With your right hand, grasp the rear sight cover. Press down, and slide it forward (Figure 3-26).
WARNING
Check the backblast area before you cock the launcher.

(12) Unfold the cocking lever with your right hand (Figure 3-27). Place your thumb under it and,
with the support of your fingers in front of the firing mechanism, push it forward, rotate it
downward and to the right, and let it slide backward.
Figure 3-26. Opening the sights on the M136 AT4.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-21

Chapter 3
Figure 3-27. Cocking the M136 AT4.

Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset at the 200-meter battlesight range
setting.
limited visibility.
Figure 3-28. Adjusting the rear sight on the M136 AT4.

(14) Place the first two fingers of your right hand on the red safety release catch, and extend the
thumb (Figure 3-29). While keeping the thumb extended, press the red safety release catch
down, and hold.
(15) Pull back on the sling with your left hand to seat the shoulder stop firmly against your shoulder.
3-22 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(17) Press the red trigger button with the thumb of your right hand to fire the launcher, and hold until
the munition fires (Figure 3-30).
Figure 3-29. Releasing the red safety release catch on the M136 AT4.
Figure 3-30. Pressing the red trigger button to fire the M136 AT4.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-23

Chapter 3
M136A1 AT4 CONFINED SPACE SHOULDER- LAUNCHED

MUNITION
3-39. To prepare the M136A1 AT4CS—
WARNING
DANGER
CAUTION
Always wear ear protection, a helmet, ballistic eye protection, and a
(1) Remove the M136A1 AT4CS from its carrying position, and cradle it in your left arm
(Figure 3-31).
Figure 3-31. Cradling the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
3-24 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
In training, face to your right when preparing the round for firing.
In combat, keep your eyes on the target area while preparing the round for firing. Ensure
that nearby Soldiers are aware of your intent and that the backblast area is clear before
firing.
(3) With your right hand, pull and release the transport safety fork (Figure 3-32).
Note. This fork is important; you must reinsert it if you do not fire the launcher. Unless it is
Figure 3-32. Removing the transport safety fork on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
(4) Unsnap and unfold the shoulder stop with your right hand (Figure 3-33).
Figure 3-33. Unsnapping the shoulder stop on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-25

Chapter 3
(5) Unfold the front grip with your right hand (Figure 3-34).
Figure 3-34. Unfolding the front grip on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
(6) Grip the shoulder stop with your right hand and the front grip with your left hand.
Note. You can use the front grip (Figure 3-35) or carrying strap to steady the munition.
Figure 3-35. Stabilizing the M136A1 AT4 confined space.

(10) While supporting the munition with your left hand by holding the front grip/forward sling, reach
forward with your right hand, and grasp the front sight cover. Press down, and slide it rearward
(Figure 3-36).
3-26 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-36. Opening the front sight cover on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
(11) With your right hand, grasp the rear sight cover. Press down, and slide it forward (Figure 3-37).
Figure 3-37. Opening and adjusting the sights on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
WARNING

(13) Unfold the cocking lever with your right hand (Figure 3-38). Place your thumb under it and,
with the support of your fingers in front of the firing mechanism, push it forward, rotate it
downward and to the right, and let it slide backward.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-27

Chapter 3
Figure 3-38. Cocking the M136A1 AT4 confined space.

Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset at the 200-meter battlesight range
setting.
limited visibility.
(15) Place the first two fingers of your right hand on the red safety release catch, and extend your
thumb (Figure 3-40). While keeping your thumb extended, press the red safety release catch
down, and hold.
(16) Pull back on the front grip/sling with your left hand to seat the shoulder stop firmly against your
shoulder, and hold.
(18) Press the red trigger button with the thumb of your right hand to fire the launcher, and hold until
the munition fires (Figure 3-41).
3-28 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-39. Adjusting the rear sight on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
Figure 3-40. Releasing the red safety catch on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
Figure 3-41. Pressing the red trigger button to fire the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-29

Chapter 3
IMPROVED M72 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-40. To prepare the improved M72—
Note. The improved M72 shoulder-launched munition can be fired from your left or right
shoulder.
WARNING
DANGER
CAUTION
(1) Remove the improved M72 from its carrying position, and cradle it in your left arm
(Figure 3-42).
Figure 3-42. Cradling the improved M72.
3-30 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(2) Remove the transport safety pin (Figure 3-43).
Figure 3-43. Removing the improved M72 transport safety pin.

(3) Rotate the rear cover downward so the front cover and adjustable sling assembly can fall free
(Figures 3-44). Pull the sling away with the nonfiring hand, if needed.
Note. Do not discard the sling assembly until after you fire the rocket.
Figure 3-44. Releasing the improved M72 rear cover/shoulder stop.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-31

Chapter 3
(4) With your firing hand, grasp the rear sight cover. With your nonfiring hand, grasp the launcher
forward of the barrel detent. Pull your hands sharply in opposite directions to extend the
launcher (Figure 3-45).
Figure 3-45. Extending the improved M72 launcher.

(5) Ensure that the launcher is fully extended and locked by trying to close it.
(6) Grip underneath the rear end of the launcher with your right hand and underneath the forward
end of the launcher with your left hand.
WARNING
Check the backblast area before you arm the launcher.

(11) Pull the trigger arming handle to the ARM position.
Note. If the trigger arming handle will not remain in the ARM position, the launcher is not fully
extended.
Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset at the lowest range setting of 50
meters.
z To adjust the rear sight range setting to more than 50 meters, turn the range knob clockwise
(toward the muzzle).
limited visibility.
3-32 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-46. Adjusting the rear sight on the improved M72.

(13) Pull the rear cover/shoulder stop firmly against your shoulder.
Note. The rear sight should be no less than 2 1/2 inches and no more than 3 inches from your
eyes.
(15) Depress the rubber boot on the trigger bar firmly with the fingers of your firing hand, and hold
until the munition fires (Figure 3-47).
Figure 3-47. Firing the improved M72.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-33

Chapter 3
M72A2/A3 SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION

3-41. To prepare the M72A2/A3—
Note. The M72A2/A3 shoulder-launched munition can be fired from your left or right shoulder.
WARNING
DANGER
CAUTION
(1) Remove the M72A2/A3 from its carrying position, and cradle it in your left arm
(Figure 3-48).
Figure 3-48. Cradling the M72A2/A3.
3-34 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(2) Remove the transport safety pin (Figure 3-49).
Figure 3-49. Removing the M72A2/A3 transport safety pin.

(3) Rotate the rear cover downward so the front cover and adjustable sling assembly can fall free
(Figure 3-50). Pull the sling away with the nonfiring hand, if needed.
Note. Do not discard the sling assembly until after you fire the rocket.
Figure 3-50. Removing the M72A2/A3 front cover and the adjustable sling assembly.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-35

Chapter 3
(4) With your firing hand, grasp the rear sight cover. With your nonfiring hand, grasp the launcher
forward of the barrel detent. Pull your hands sharply in opposite directions to extend the
launcher (Figure 3-51).
Figure 3-51. Extending the M72A2/A3 launcher.

(5) Ensure that the launcher is fully extended and locked by trying to close it.
(6) Grip underneath the rear end of the launcher with your right hand and underneath the forward
end of the launcher with your left hand.
Note. M72-series munitions can be fired from your left or right shoulder.
WARNING

(11) Pull the trigger arming handle to the ARM position.
Note. If the trigger arming handle will not remain in the ARM position, the launcher is not fully
extended.
(12) Pull the rear cover/shoulder stop firmly against your shoulder, and hold.
Note. Place the sight at an easy reading distance.
(14) Press the red trigger button with the thumb of your right hand, and hold until the munition fires
(Figure 3-52).
3-36 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Figure 3-52. Firing the M72A2/A3.
SECTION III. OPERATION UNDER UNUSUAL CONDITIONS

3-42. Soldiers must be able to operate shoulder-launched munitions under various operational conditions.
Further, Soldiers may also encounter events that change normal operation of the munition, such as misfires.
MISFIRE PROCEDURES
3-43. A misfire is a complete failure to fire caused by a procedural or mechanical failure. A misfire is not
dangerous, but since it cannot be immediately distinguished from a delay in the functioning of the firing
mechanism, it should be considered as a possible hangfire until such possibility has been eliminated. The
procedures used to address a misfire may vary according to the Soldier’s environment—combat or training.
DANGER
WHEN OPERATING A SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION, KEEP IT
POINTED IN THE DIRECTION OF THE TARGET. ENSURE YOUR
NOTIFY THE EOD UNIT WHEN THERE IS A MISFIRE. DO NOT
RETURN MISFIRED LAUNCHERS TO THE ASP.
Note. Notify your supervisor and ASP of any unusual occurrence, regardless of whether the
munition fires or not. Examples include excessive overpressure, recoil, or heat on your face after
you have fired the munition.

3-44. On the M141 BDM, a misfire is usually caused by one of the following factors:
z The firing mechanism is not armed.
z The inner tube is not fully extended and locked.
z The firing mechanism or the propelling charge explosive train is faulty.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-37

Chapter 3
Combat Environment
3-45. To address a misfire that occurs in combat—
WARNING
(1) Release the trigger button and safety button.

(2) Squeeze the safety button firmly, and hold, aim, and press the trigger button a second time.
(3) If the munition does not fire, announce “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in
the immediate area to hear.
(4) Release the trigger and safety buttons, and close the firing mechanism cover (SAFE position).
(5) Check the backblast area, and open the firing mechanism cover again (flush with the tube).
(6) Squeeze the safety button, and hold, aim, and press the trigger button a third time.
(7) If the munition still does not fire, say “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in the
immediate area to hear.
(9) If time permits, wait 90 seconds. Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping the
munition pointed toward the target, and cradle the munition in your left arm.
(10) Break off the sights to identify the misfired launcher.
(11) DO NOT collapse the launcher. Carefully lay your munition on the ground facing the target.
Notify your supervisor.
Notes. 1. If the tactical situation permits, move to another location, and prepare another
shoulder-launched munition.
2. As soon as you can, dispose of the misfired launcher in accordance with the unit SOP.
Training Environment
3-46. To address a misfire that occurs on the live-fire training range—
WARNING

(2) Squeeze the safety button firmly, and hold, aim, and press the trigger button a second time.
(3) If the munition still does not fire, announce “MISFIRE.”
(5) Check the backblast area, and open the firing mechanism cover again (flush with the tube).
(6) Squeeze the safety button, and hold, aim, and press the trigger button a third time.
(9) Wait 90 seconds; remove the munition from your shoulder. DO NOT collapse the launcher.
Carefully lay your munition on the ground facing the target. Notify range cadre.
3-38 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Notes. 1. Wait two minutes before moving the munition from the firing line.
2. Notify post range control of the training situation, and follow local safety SOPs
and regulations.
M136-SERIES SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS

3-47. On M136-series shoulder-launched munitions, misfires are usually caused by one of the following
factors:
z The safety release catch is not depressed far enough to disengage the safety.
z The firing mechanism is faulty.
Combat Environment
WARNING
(1) Say “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in the immediate area to hear, while
maintaining the original sight picture.
(2) Release the red trigger button and the red safety release catch.
(3) If time permits, wait five seconds. Remove your right hand from the firing mechanism, check the
backblast area, and cock the munition again.
(4) Press down on the red safety release catch firmly, and hold. Aim the munition. Press and hold
the red trigger button.
(5) If the munition does not fire, say “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in the
(6) Release the red trigger button and red safety release catch.
(7) If time permits, maintain the firing position for two minutes, and return the cocking lever to the
SAFE (uncocked) position.
(8) Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping the munition pointed toward the target.
(9) Cradle the munition in your left arm.
(10) Reinsert the transport safety pin/fork.
(11) Break off the sights to identify the misfired launcher.
(12) Carefully lay your munition on the ground facing the target. Notify your supervisor.
2. If the transport safety pin/fork cannot be reinserted or if the pin/fork is missing,

notify the EOD unit.
3. As soon as you can, dispose of the misfired launcher in accordance with the unit SOP.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-39

Chapter 3
WARNING
(1) If the munition does not fire, announce “MISFIRE.”

(2) Release the red trigger button, and the red safety release catch.
(3) Wait five seconds. Remove your right hand from the firing mechanism, check the backblast area,
and cock the munition again.
Note. Count the seconds by saying “one thousand and one, one thousand and two” and so on.
(4) Press down on the red safety release catch firmly, and hold. Aim the munition. Press and hold
the red trigger button.
(5) If the munition does not fire, say “MISFIRE.”
(7) Maintain the firing position for two minutes, and return the cocking lever to the SAFE
(uncocked) position.
(8) Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping the munition pointed toward the target.
(9) Cradle the munition in your left arm.
(10) Reinsert the transport safety pin/fork.
(11) Carefully lay your munition on the ground facing the target. Notify range cadre.
Notes. 1. If the transport safety pin/fork cannot be reinserted or if the pin is missing, notify
the EOD unit.
2. Wait two minutes before moving the munition from the firing line.
and regulations.

3-50. On M72-series shoulder-launched munitions, misfires are usually caused by one of the following
factors:
z The firing mechanism is not armed.
z The inner tube is not fully extended and locked.
3-40 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
Combat Environment
WARNING
(1) Release the trigger, and squeeze the trigger spring boot again.
(2) If the munition still fails to fire, say “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in the
(3) Maintain your firing position for ten seconds, and place the trigger safety handle on SAFE.
(4) If time permits, wait one minute. Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping it pointed in
the direction of the target.
(5) Push the detent and grab the rear sight cover to partially collapse the launcher (about 4 inches).
Extend it to the locked position, and push in on the launcher to ensure it is fully locked.
(6) Place the launcher on your shoulder; check the backblast area again; and then arm, aim, and fire
the munition.
(7) If the launcher fails to fire, firmly squeeze the trigger spring boot again.
(8) If the munition still does not fire, say “MISFIRE” just loud enough for friendly personnel in the
(9) Release the trigger. Maintain your firing position for ten seconds, and place the trigger safety
handle on SAFE.
(10) If time permits, wait one minute. Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping the
munition pointed toward the target, and cradle the munition in your left arm.
(11) Break off the sights to identify the misfired munition. DO NOT collapse the launcher.
(12) Carefully lay the munition on the ground facing the target.
(13) Notify your supervisor.
2. As soon as you can, dispose of the misfired launcher in accordance with the unit
SOP.
WARNING
(1) Release the trigger, and squeeze the trigger spring boot again.
(2) If the munition still fails to fire, announce “MISFIRE.”
(3) Maintain your firing position for ten seconds, and place the trigger safety handle on SAFE.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-41

Chapter 3
(4) Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping it pointed in the direction of the target.
(5) Wait one minute. Partly collapse the launcher (about four inches), and then extend it to the
locked position. Push in on the launcher to ensure it is fully locked.
(6) Place the launcher on your shoulder; check the backblast area again; and then arm, aim, and fire
the munition.
(7) If the launcher fails to fire, firmly squeeze the trigger spring boot again.
(9) Release the trigger. Maintain your firing position for ten seconds, and place the trigger safety
handle on SAFE.
(10) Wait one minute. Remove the munition from your shoulder, keeping the munition pointed
toward the target. DO NOT collapse the launcher.
(11) Carefully lay the munition on the ground. Notify range cadre.
Notes. 1. Wait two minutes before moving the munition from the firing line.
and regulations.
RESTORING TO A CARRYING CONFIGURATION

3-53. If the launcher is prepared to fire, but then is not fired, it should be returned to the carrying
configuration to permit safe storage, transportation, and use at a later time. This ensures the physical
integrity of the round and reduces the likelihood of damage from moisture and debris.
DANGER
Note. Once the launcher is returned to the carrying configuration, the Soldier can use the
carrying strap for transport or cradle the munition in his arms for transport over short distances.
WARNING
Never use the sling to carry any shoulder-launched munition
while in the extended configuration.
3-42 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing

3-54. To restore the M141 BDM to a carrying configuration—
(1) Release the safety button.
(2) Close the firing mechanism cover.
(3) Return the rear sight to the battlesight setting (150 meters).
WARNING
Do not close the rear sight cover before ensuring the rear sight is
set to 150 meters. This can severely damage the sight.
(4) Fold the rear sight down, hold it down, and close the rear sight cover.
(5) Fold the front sight down, hold it down, and close the front sight cover.
(6) Grip the forward end of the launcher with your left hand and the rear end of the launcher with
your right hand.
(7) Remove the munition from your shoulder, rotate your body 180 degrees (keeping the munition
pointed downrange), and hold the munition under your left arm, against your body.
(8) While supporting the launcher with your left hand, store the shoulder stop with your right hand.
(9) Depress and hold the tube release button with your left hand, and rotate the inner tube
counterclockwise (against the direction of the yellow arrow) with your right hand.
(10) Release the tube release button, and collapse the inner tube with your right hand.
(11) Reinstall the transport safety pin.
M136-SERIES SHOULDER- LAUNCHED MUNITIONS

3-55. To restore M136-series shoulder-launched munitions to a carrying configuration—
(1) Release the red safety release catch.
(2) Push forward and to the left on the cocking lever, and let it spring back into the SAFE position.
(3) Grip the base of the sling on the front of the launcher with your left hand and the shoulder stop
(4) Remove the munition from your shoulder, rotate your body 180 degrees (keeping the munition
pointed downrange), and cradle it in your left arm.
(5) With the launcher cradled in your left arm, replace the transport safety pin/fork until it is fully
seated in the retainer hole.
(6) Return the rear sight to the battlesight setting (200 meters).
WARNING
Do not close the rear sight cover before ensuring the rear sight is
set to 200 meters. This can severely damage the sight.
(7) Fold the rear sight down, hold it down, and close the rear sight cover.
(8) Fold the front sight down, hold it down, and close the front sight cover.
(9) Snap the shoulder stop into the closed position.
(10) M136A1 Only: Close the front grip.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-43

Chapter 3

3-56. To restore M72-series shoulder-launched munitions to a carrying configuration—
CAUTION
After the launcher has been prepared for firing, it is no longer
watertight. Therefore, when carrying the launcher, sling it over either
shoulder with the muzzle (forward) end down. Only the rocket and
rocket motor ignition system are waterproof.
(1) Return the trigger arming handle to the SAFE position.

(2) M72A4/5/6/7: Return the rear sight to its lowest setting, and ensure the sight peephole is set in
the 2-mm day setting.
(3) M72A4/5/6/7: Unlock the rear sight by pressing down on the rear sight release tab.
(4) Grip the forward end of the launcher with your left hand and the rear end of the launcher with
your right hand.
(5) Remove the munition from your shoulder, rotate your body 90 degrees to the right (keeping the
munition pointed downrange), and hold the munition away from your body.
Note. Although the M72-series launcher can be fired from either shoulder, for training purposes,
restoring the launcher is performed when fired from your right shoulder.
(6) Depress the barrel detent.
WARNING
To prevent injury, remove your thumb from the detent after
collapsing the launcher 1/2 to 1 inch.
(7) With the firing hand, collapse the launch tube approximately 4 inches.
(8) Fold the rear sight down with the thumb of the firing hand, and hold.
Note. With the improved M72, the rear sight may become locked when the munition is
collapsed. If this happens, support the launcher under the nonfiring arm, while keeping the
launcher pointed downrange, and then unlock the rear sight with the firing hand.
(9) Fold the front sight down with the thumb of the nonfiring hand, and hold.
(10) Partially slide the inner tube into the outer tube until the front sight cover appears in the front
opening, ensuring the front sight is under the front sight housing and the rear sight slides inside
of the rear sight housing.
(11) Close the launcher completely.
(12) Close the rear cover.
(13) Replace the rear cover transport safety pin.
(14) Secure the sling assembly.
(15) Supporting the munition with your right hand, place the front cover of the sling assembly over
the front end of the munition, and secure in place by maintaining pressure on the sling assembly
(16) Holding the sling assembly with your right hand, place the front end of the munition (sling side
facing toward your legs) between your left and right boot.
3-44 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
(17) Place your left hand on the rear cover, and hold while pulling up on the sling assembly with your
right hand. Place the sling hook on the rear cover.
Note. See the appropriate TM for more information about reinstalling the sling assembly.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
3-57. Shoulder-launched munitions should not be fired when operational temperatures exceed the limits
outlined in Table 2-1.
CAUTION
When operating shoulder-launched munitions in cold weather, be
aware that bringing a launcher into a warm enclosure may cause
damage. The change in temperature will make metal components
sweat, and the moisture can cause rust or corrosion.
WARNING
To prevent injury, do not use sharp instruments to chip off snow
or ice, or thaw a shoulder-launched munition near a direct flame.
Notes. 1. When operating in rain and snow, protect shoulder-launched munitions from
moisture in the same manner as a rifle.
2. For operating and storage limits, see Chapter 2.
DESTRUCTION PROCEDURES (COMBAT ONLY)

3-58. Destruction of any military weapon is authorized only as a last resort to prevent the enemy from
capturing or using it. In combat situations, the commander has the authority to destroy weapons, but he
must report doing so through the proper channels.
Note. Certain procedures outlined require the use of explosives and incendiary grenades. Related
principles and the specific conditions under which destruction occurs are command decisions.
DANGER
BEFORE USING ANY DESTRUCTION PROCEDURE, MOVE TO A
SAFE POSITION AND TAKE COVER TO AVOID POSSIBLE INJURY
OR DEATH. BEFORE USING DEMOLITIONS FOR ANY REASON,
YOU MUST KNOW THE PROPER PROCEDURES OUTLINED IN FM
3-34.214.
METHODS OF DESTRUCTION
3-59. Equipment may be destroyed using several methods. The commander must use his imagination and
resourcefulness to select the best method of destruction based on the facilities available. Time is usually
critical. Table 3-1 outlines the methods of destruction.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-45

Chapter 3
WARNING
These methods are intended as combat expedients only. DO NOT
use them for routine disposal operations.
Note. If destruction is directed, appropriate safety precautions must be observed.
DEGREE OF DAMAGE
3-60. The method of destruction used must damage equipment and essential spare parts to the extent that
they cannot be restored to usable condition (by repair or by cannibalization) in the combat zone.
DANGERS
1. WHEN USING FIRE TO DESTROY A SHOULDER-LAUNCHED
MUNITION, THE TIME REQUIRED TO EXPLODE THE
WARHEAD IS UNPREDICTABLE. ALSO, IGNITING THE
PROPELLANT CAN CAUSE THE WARHEAD TO FIRE IN ANY
DIRECTION, WHICH COULD CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.
2. OBSERVE THE APPROPRIATE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN
HANDLING DIESEL FUEL. CARELESSNESS COULD CAUSE
PAINFUL, EVEN FATAL, BURNS.
3. DO NOT TRY TO USE VEHICLES OR MECHANICAL MEANS TO
DESTROY SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS. EITHER
METHOD COULD DETONATE THE WARHEAD OR PROPELLANT
CHARGE, WHICH COULD CAUSE INJURY OR DEATH.
Table 3-1. Methods of destruction and their applications.

METHOD OF DESTRUCTION APPLICATION
Prepare a 113-gram (1/4 pound) demolition charge. Tape or tie the charge:
• M141 BDM – just forward of the firing mechanism. If the launcher is extended,
place the charge just behind the shoulder stop.
Demolition • M136-series shoulder-launched munitions—near the rear of the launcher just
forward of the venturi (M136 AT4) or forward of the rear bumper (M136A1 AT4CS)
• M72-series shoulder-launched munitions—near the trigger arming handle
Dual-prime the charge to reduce the chance of a misfire.
Construct a pit or trench deep enough to allow 0.6 meters (2 feet) of space between the
munitions and the top surface of the ground. Place combustible material, such as wood,
paper, or rags, in the pit and then place the munition inside, pointed into the side of the pit
Burning and directed away from all friendly Soldiers. Pour diesel fuel or oil over the munitions and the
combustible material. Ignite with a combustible train or other safe means.
Note. Construct a combustible train from any slow-burning material which will allow sufficient
time for personnel to take cover before the pit becomes ignited.
Shoulder-launched munitions may be disposed of by burying or dumping into a stream or
Disposal
river; however, these methods do not render shoulder-launched munitions unserviceable.
The easiest and quickest way to destroy a small quantity of shoulder-launched munitions is
Firing
to fire them. Before using this method, observe all appropriate safety requirements.
3-46 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Process of Firing
DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES
3-61. The Soldier can use his M291 skin decontamination kit (SDK) or the M295 kit to decontaminate
individual equipment.
Note. FM 3-11.5 provides more information about decontamination procedures for personnel,
Soldier equipment, and weapons.
DANGER
NEVER USE DECONTAMINATION SOLUTION 2 (DS2) TO
DECONTAMINATE ANY SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION. DS2
CAN DISSOLVE RUBBER AND PLASTIC SEALS.
3-62. The M100 decontamination kit (Figure 3-53) contains a reactive, neutralizing absorbent powder that
replaces the DS2 in the M11/M13 decontaminating apparatus, portable (DAP). This powder is used in
operator wipe-down (immediate decontamination).
VULNERABLE/SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT
3-63. Some equipment is extremely vulnerable to damage when subjected to decontamination. Most
military equipment has not been critically assessed for its ability to withstand decontamination without
adverse effects. As more materiel testing is done, specific decontamination instructions will be included in
the applicable TMs for all types of equipment.
Optics
3-64. Optical systems are extremely vulnerable to decontamination materials that might scratch or
adversely affect the lenses. To clean the optics, wipe them with a soft, nonabrasive material, such as a
lens-cleaning tissue, cotton wadding, or a soft cloth dipped in hot, soapy water.
Note. Hot, soapy water is the preferred decontaminant for chemical and biological
contamination. The M291 SDK may be used if hot, soapy water is not available.
WARNING
Wipe the optical system with decontaminants. Do not immerse it.
Radiological contamination should be blown off with a stream of

air or wiped off with hot, soapy water. Rinse the surface by wiping
with a sponge dipped in clean water.
Do not use the M295 individual equipment decontamination kit (IEDK).

It contains an abrasive sorbent, which may damage the optics.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 3-47

Chapter 3
Figure 3-53. M100 decontamination kit.
Ammunition
3-65. To clean contaminated ammunition, apply cool, soapy water with power-driven decontamination
equipment (PDDE), brushes, mops, rags, or brooms.
Note. Cool, soapy water is the preferred decontaminant for all types of contamination on
ammunition.
CAUTION
Do not use supertropical bleach (STB) or corrosive, nonstandard
decontaminants on ammunition. They remove critical markings from
ammunition, and may corrode and render ammunition unserviceable.
3-48 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Chapter 4
MARKSMANSHIP FUNDAMENTALS
The techniques, procedures, and marksmanship skills that enable a Soldier to engage
a target with a rifle are also applied for shoulder-launched munitions. The four
fundamentals of marksmanship—steady position, aiming, breath control, and trigger
squeeze—are just as important when firing shoulder-launched munitions. Although
accuracy is not as essential due to the nature of the munition, Soldiers must be able to
successfully engage both stationary and moving targets.
SECTION I. FIRING POSITIONS

4-1. Shoulder-launched munitions can be fired from four basic firing positions: standing, kneeling, sitting,
and prone. Situation, terrain, and individual preference should govern the selection of the best firing
position. Basic safety considerations are the same for all shoulder-launched munitions.
Notes. 1. Individual physique determines exact body and hand positions. Instructions are
given for right-handed firers.
2. For teaching and demonstration purposes, each position is performed in the open.
In combat, Soldiers should fire over or around protective cover.
2. Soldiers should be trained on the four firing positions, but only the standing and
kneeling firing positions are recommended due to overpressure effects at lower
ground levels. Low- and ground-level firings pose an increased risk of blast
overpressure being deflected onto the firer.
3. Shoulder-launched munitions are different in design, but they are deployed the same.
Because of this, the M136A1 AT4CS will be used to show each firing position.
4. See Table 2-3 for information about firing limitations.
5. See Chapter 2 for more information about safety danger zones.
DANGER
SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS MUST NOT BE FIRED OVER
THE HEADS OF FRIENDLY SOLDIERS.
DO NOT FIRE THE LAUNCHER UNTIL THE BACKBLAST AREAS
ARE CLEAR OF PERSONNEL, EQUIPMENT, AND OBSTRUCTIONS.
DO NOT EXTEND OR ARM THE LAUNCHER UNTIL READY TO FIRE.
IN TRAINING, DO NOT ALLOW ANYONE TO ENTER THE AREA BEHIND
THE FIRING LINE, OR FORWARD OF THE REAR SAFETY LINE.
15 September 2010 GS TM 3-23.25 4-1

Chapter 4
STANDING POSITION
4-2. Two standing positions are used: a basic standing position and one modified for the Infantry fighting
position (for use in combat only).
BASIC STANDING POSITION

4-3. Unless the Soldier is positioned behind a protective barrier, such as a wall, the basic standing position
exposes him to enemy observation and possible suppression more than any other position. To fire from the
basic standing position (Figure 4-1)—
WARNING
Always keep the launcher pointed in the direction of fire.
Note. The performance steps start with the shoulder-launched munition on the firing shoulder.
(1) Spread your feet a comfortable distance apart.

(2) Move your left foot 15 to 24 inches forward, keeping your hips level, your weight balanced on
both feet, and both feet flat on the ground.
(3) Tuck both elbows tightly into your body.
(4) M136A1 AT4CSs: Hold the front grip firmly with your left hand.
M72-Series Munitions: Cup the bottom of the launcher.
M136 AT4s: Hold the forward strap with your left hand.
M141 BDMs: Slide your left arm inside the sling until it is behind your bicep. Then, grasp the
launcher in your left hand, and with your palm up, slide your hand along the tube until the sling
tightens and the shoulder stop is seated firmly against your right shoulder. Do not wrap the sling
around your left arm, as you would with a rifle (Figure 4-9).
(5) Place your right hand on the firing mechanism.
M72-Series Munitions Only: Place your right or left hand on the firing mechanism.
(6) Place your firing eye 2 1/2 to 3 inches from the rear sight.
M72A2/3s Only: Place your firing eye at easy reading distance from the rear sight.
Note. To smoothly track a moving target, turn your body at the waist—not with your legs.
4-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Marksmanship Fundamentals
Figure 4-1. Basic standing firing position.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-3

Chapter 4
MODIFIED STANDING POSITION (FOR USE IN COMBAT ONLY)
DANGER
FIRE M136-SERIES MUNITIONS, M72-SERIES MUNITIONS, OR
M141 BDMS FROM THE FIGHTING POSITION WHEN IN COMBAT
ONLY. DO NOT FIRE THESE MUNITIONS FROM THE FIGHTING
POSITION DURING TRAINING DUE TO THE RISK OF INJURY TO
THE OPERATOR.
DO NOT FIRE THE M136 AT4, THE M72, OR THE M141 BDM FROM
AN ENCLOSURE.
DO NOT FIRE M136-SERIES MUNITIONS, M72-SERIES
MUNITIONS, OR M141 BDMS FROM IN FRONT OF A BARRIER.
TO INCREASE ACCURACY AND REDUCE THE DANGER TO
FRIENDLY SOLDIERS, ENSURE THE AREA TO THE REAR OF
THE FIRING POSITION HAS NO WALLS, LARGE TREES, OR
OTHER OBSTRUCTIONS WITHIN 5 METERS (5 1/2 YARDS).
OBSTRUCTIONS DEFLECT BACKBLAST ONTO THE FIRER OR
INTO THE FIRING POSITION, INJURING OR KILLING THE FIRER
AND ANY OTHER SOLDIER OCCUPYING THE POSITION.
IN THE TWO-SOLDIER INFANTRY FIGHTING POSITION, NONFIRING
PERSONNEL MUST REMAIN CLEAR OF THE BACKBLAST AREA. A
MODIFIED FIRING POSITION MAY BE CONSTRUCTED TO THE SIDE
OF THE TWO-SOLDIER FIGHTING POSITION. FIRING FROM A
MODIFIED POSITION REDUCES THE POSSIBILITY OF INJURY TO
THE FIRER OR THE OTHER SOLDIER IN THE FIGHTING POSITION,
WHILE STILL OFFERING THE FIRER PROTECTION FROM DIRECT
ENEMY RETURN FIRE.
CAUTION
Leaders must ensure that shoulder-launched munitions are positioned
so that the backblast misses other fighting positions.
4-4. M136-series munitions, M141 BDMs, and M72-series munitions can be fired from the standard
Infantry fighting position; however, this firing position is restricted to combat use only. To fire from the
modified standing position (Figure 4-2)—
DANGER
WHEN FIRING FROM THE MODIFIED STANDING POSITION, KEEP
YOUR BACK AGAINST THE WALL OF THE DUG-IN FIGHTING
POSITION TO MINIMIZE DEFLECTION. RAISING THE FRONT END
OF THE LAUNCHER CAN CAUSE THE BACKBLAST TO BE
DEFLECTED ONTO THE FIRER, CAUSING INJURY OR DEATH. IF
THE FIGHTING POSITION RESTRICTS THE BACKBLAST AREA,
THE FIRER SHOULD MOVE TO AN ABOVE-GROUND POSITION
BEFORE FIRING THE SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITION.
4-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Note. It is much safer to fire a shoulder-launched munition from a hasty fighting position than it
is to fire one from the standard Infantry fighting position. Within seconds, Soldiers can fire from
the kneeling position and return to cover.
(1) Assume the basic standing position, but instead of stepping forward, lean against the back wall
of the fighting position. Do not support your elbows.
(2) Ensure that the rear of the launcher extends beyond the rear of the fighting position.
(3) Ensure that NONE of the following are in your backblast area:
Other Soldiers.
Other fighting positions.
Equipment.
Any part of your own fighting position.
Obstructions within 5 meters.
Figure 4-2. Modified standing firing position.
KNEELING POSITION
4-5. Two types of kneeling positions are used: basic and modified. The kneeling position offers more
stability for engaging targets at longer ranges. It also offers a smaller profile for firing over and from the
sides of cover, and from inside urban structures.
BASIC KNEELING POSITION

4-6. The basic kneeling position is the best position for tracking moving targets. Though it is not a
supported position, it should be a firm and stable one. To fire from the basic kneeling position (Figure
4-3)—
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-5

Chapter 4
WARNING
(1) Begin in basic standing position. Kneel onto your right knee, keeping your left thigh parallel to
the ground.
(2) Rotate your lower right leg 90 degrees to the left. This removes your right foot from exposure to
the backblast.
(3) Keep your right thigh and back straight and perpendicular to the ground.
(4) Point your left foot in the direction of fire.
(5) Tuck both elbows tightly into your body.
(6) M136A1 AT4CSs: Hold the front grip firmly with your left hand.
M141 BDMs: Use the weapon sling to increase firer control, as you would with a conventional
rifle. Slide your left arm inside the sling until it is behind your bicep. Keep the sling strap behind
your bicep; grasp the launcher in your left hand, palm up; and slide your hand along the tube until
slack in the sling is taken up. Do not wrap the sling around your left arm as one would with a rifle.
Note. To smoothly track a moving target, turn your body at the waist—not with your legs.
Figure 4-3. Basic kneeling firing position.
4-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

MODIFIED KNEELING POSITION

4-7. The modified kneeling position is best for engaging stationary targets, since it is a supported position.
To fire from the modified kneeling position (Figure 4-4)—
WARNING
(1) Begin in the basic kneeling position, and sit back on your right heel.
(2) Place the back of your upper left arm on your left knee, making sure you do not have bone-to-
bone contact between your left elbow and left knee.
(3) Keep your right elbow tucked in close to your right side.
(4) Use any protective barriers available.
Figure 4-4. Modified kneeling firing position.
SITTING POSITION (FOR USE IN COMBAT ONLY)

4-8. The sitting position is the most stable firing position. In this position, the Soldier places his arms on
his legs for support. Depending on his physique, the firer can use the basic sitting position or the modified
sitting position, both of which are suitable for engaging stationary targets.
DANGER
WHEN FIRING FROM THE SITTING POSITION, KEEP THE
LAUNCHER PARALLEL TO THE GROUND. RAISING OR
LOWERING THE FRONT END OF THE LAUNCHER CAN CAUSE
THE BACKBLAST TO BE DEFLECTED ONTO THE FIRER,
CAUSING INJURY OR DEATH.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-7

Chapter 4
BASIC SITTING POSITION

4-9. To fire the M136 AT4 or M72 from the basic sitting position (Figure 4-5)—
Note. The M136 AT4 is used to show proper sitting fire techniques that can be used for firing M72
shoulder-launched munitions.
WARNING
The M141 BDM and M136A1 AT4CS should not be fired from the
sitting position in accordance with the M141 BDM and M136A1 AT4CS
TMs.
(1) Sit on your buttocks, facing the target.

(2) Spread your feet a comfortable distance apart.
(3) Lean forward, and place the backs of your upper arms on your knees (avoiding bone-to-bone contact)
or place your elbows inside of your thighs.
(4) Hold the forward strap firmly with your left hand.
Figure 4-5. Basic sitting firing position.
4-8 TM 3-23.25, C1 14 December 2010

MODIFIED SITTING POSITION

4-10. To fire from the modified sitting position (Figure 4-6)—
Note. See Table 2-3 for more information about firing limitations.
WARNING
The M141 BDM and M136A1 AT4CS should not be fired from the
sitting position in accordance with the M141 BDM and M136A1 AT4CS
TMs.
(1) Begin in the basic sitting position.

(2) Cross your ankles for added support.
(3) Raise or lower your knees to adjust for elevation on the target.
Figure 4-6. Modified sitting firing position.
14 December 2010 TM 3-23.25, C1 4-9

Chapter 4
PRONE POSITION (FOR USE IN COMBAT ONLY)

4-11. The prone position is the least stable position and, due to its proximity to the ground, is the most
dangerous position in regards to potential backblast injury. However, it also offers the most protection from
enemy observation. Ideally, the ground should slope downward from the rear of the launcher, which
reduces the effects of the backblast. To fire from the prone position (Figure 4-7)—
WARNING
DANGER
FIRE SHOULDER-LAUNCHED MUNITIONS FROM THE PRONE
POSITION WHEN IN COMBAT ONLY. DO NOT FIRE SHOULDER-
LAUNCHED MUNITIONS FROM THE PRONE POSITION DURING
TRAINING DUE TO THE RISK OF INJURY TO THE OPERATOR.
MAINTAIN A 90-DEGREE (WHEN FIRING AN M136 AT4), 45-
DEGREE (WHEN FIRING AN M136A1 AT4CS OR M141 BDM), 35-
DEGREE (WHEN FIRING AN IMPROVED M72), OR 30-DEGREE
(WHEN FIRING AN M72A2/A3) ANGLE TO THE DIRECTION OF
FIRE. FAILURE TO DO SO COULD CAUSE INJURY TO THE FIRER.
(1) M136 AT4s: Lie on your stomach, with your body at a 90-degree angle to the direction of fire.
M136A1 AT4CSs or M141 BDMs: Lie on your stomach, with your body at a 45-degree angle to
the direction of fire.
Improved M72s: Lie on your stomach, with your body at a 35-degree angle to the direction of fire.
M72A2/A3s: Lie on your stomach, with your body at a 30-degree angle to the direction of fire.
(2) Place your body and legs to the left of the direction of fire. Place your right leg (firing side) over
your left leg. Ensure that neither your body nor your legs are in the backblast area.
(3) Hold the launcher in place against your upper right arm.
Note. Unlike other firing positions, the prone position prevents you from placing the launcher on
your right shoulder.
(4) M136A1 AT4CSs: Hold the front grip firmly with your left hand, while keeping the launcher in
place against your upper right arm.
M141 BDMs or M72-Series Munitions: Cup the bottom of the launcher.
Note. For stability, apply extra pressure on the firing mechanism with your firing hand.
4-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure 4-7. Prone firing position.
SECTION II. TARGET ENGAGEMENT PROCEDURES

4-12. Many factors contribute to shoulder-launched munition marksmanship. These factors are grouped
into six basic areas: steady hold, range estimation, speed estimation, aiming procedures, breath control, and
trigger manipulation. All of these areas are applied to the integrated act of firing.
Notes. 1. Except for those on M72A2/A3 launchers, shoulder-launched munition sights are
similar in design, so aiming techniques are basically the same. For this reason, the
M136A1 AT4CS is used to demonstrate and explain target engagement
procedures.
2. M72-series launchers can be fired with your right or left hand. The trigger arming
handle and trigger is positioned on the top of the launcher, whereas other arming
devices and triggers are located on the right side of the launcher. Instructions are
given for right-handed firers.
STEADY HOLD
4-13. Maintaining a steady hold involves holding the launcher as steady as possible while sighting and
firing. To maintain the proper sight picture and sight alignment (Figure 4-8)—
(1) Hold the launcher in a tight, comfortable position so that it becomes a natural extension of your
body.
(2) Keep your elbows close to your body to help balance the launcher and prevent you from jerking
or flinching when you fire.
(3) M136A1 AT4CSs: Grasp the front grip (the sling, if the front grip has been damaged) with your
left hand, and pull back on the launcher to seat the shoulder stop firmly against your right
shoulder. Ensure your right arm, including your elbow, is through the carrying sling.
M141 BDMs: Slide your left arm inside the sling until it is behind your bicep. Then, grasp the
launcher in your left hand, and with your palm up, slide your hand along the tube until the sling
tightens and the shoulder stop is seated firmly against your right shoulder. Do not wrap the sling
around your left arm, as you would with a rifle (Figure 4-9).
M136 AT4s: Grasp the carrying sling where it attaches to the launcher near the muzzle with your
left hand, and pull back on the launcher to seat the shoulder stop firmly against your right shoulder.
M72-series Munitions: Place your nonfiring hand under the launcher, between the safety handle
and front sight, and pull back on the launcher to seat the shoulder stop/rear cover firmly against
your firing shoulder.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-11

Chapter 4
Notes. 1. M72-series launchers do not have carrying slings.
2. M72-series munitions can be fired with your left or right hand.
(5) Place your firing hand on the trigger mechanism.
Note. Firing from a supported position increases accuracy and improves the odds for a
first-round hit or kill on stationary targets. However, supported positions can restrict movement
when engaging moving targets.
Figure 4-8. Steady hold position—M136A1 AT4 confined space.
Figure 4-9. Steady hold position—M141 bunker defeat munition.
RANGE ESTIMATION
4-14. Shoulder-launched munitions come equipped with fixed sights that adjust to a determined range-to-
target from the minimum engagement range to the maximum effective range of the munition.
Note. M72A2/A3 fixed sights are not adjustable.
4-15. Methods of estimating range include (listed from the most to the least accurate)—
z Using handheld laser rangefinders.
z Using pair and sequence methods of target engagement.
z Estimating range visually.
4-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Notes. 1. See FM 3-25.26 for more information about range estimation.
2. Do not use the stadia lines on the front sight of the M72A2/A3 to estimate range,
because they are inaccurate. The sights are not up-to-date with changes made to
modern enemy armored vehicle dimensions.
SPEED ESTIMATION
4-16. To estimate the speed of a moving vehicle, Soldiers should estimate how far the vehicle travels in
one second. Figure 4-10 depicts speed estimation for a target in a crossing pattern. This technique works
when an object is available for gauging target speed; however, when engaging targets in open terrain using
a crossing pattern, Soldiers should engage targets using pair or volley fire.
Note. See Chapter 5 for more information about methods of engagement.
4-17. To determine target speed in wooded or urban terrain—

4-18. Start when the front end of the vehicle passes the object.
(1) Count one second (the phrase “one thousand and one” takes about one second).
(2) Observe how much of the vehicle passes the object:
If more than half of the vehicle passes the object, estimate it as a fast-moving vehicle (10
miles per hour or faster).
If less than half of the vehicle passes the object, estimate it as a slow-moving vehicle (less
than 10 miles per hour).
4-19. Once firers learn to estimate speeds and engage moving targets at known ranges, they should
rehearse until they achieve a high hit-to-kill ratio. As their abilities improve, unit leaders should vary the
ranges, speeds, and types of armored vehicles used.
Note. Speed estimation is not required for engaging a target moving away from the firer (rear
silhouette) and coming toward the firer (frontal silhouette), when the target is within the
munition’s maximum effective range.
Figure 4-10. Speed estimation.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-13

Chapter 4
AIMING PROCEDURES
4-20. Aiming procedures include placing the eye correctly, obtaining a sight picture, and aligning the sight.
EYE RELIEF
4-21. To achieve correct eye relief, place your firing eye (Figure 4-11)—
z M136-series Munitions and M141 BDMs: Between 2 1/2 to 3 inches from the rear sight. The
white semicircle on the front sight will match the curve of the rear sight peep when you are in
the correct position.
z Improved M72s: Between 2 1/2 to 3 inches from the rear sight. The left and right lead posts on the
front sight blade are just visible in the rear sight aperture when you are in the correct position.
z M72A2/A3s: At an easy reading distance from the rear sight. The front sight blade is just visible
in the rear sight aperture when you are in the correct position.
WARNING
DO NOT place your eye closer to the rear sight than the distance
indicated. The munition’s recoil could cause the rear sight to
injure your firing eye.
Figure 4-11. Eye placement for shoulder-launched munitions.
SIGHT PICTURE
4-22. To achieve a proper sight picture—
(1) Position the front sight on the target.
(2) Adjust the rear sight for the correct range.
(3) Sight the munition.
(4) Place the front sightpost on the target as appropriate for the desired point of aim or the target’s
speed and direction of movement (Tables 4-1, 4-2, and 4-3).
4-14 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Notes. 1. M136-Series Munitions and the M141 BDMs: You have achieved a correct sight
alignment when the white semicircle (half-moon) at the bottom of the front
sightpost can be seen.
2. M72-Series Munitions: You have achieved a correct sight alignment when the left and
right lead posts (improved M72) or the range index markings (M72A2/A3) on the front
sight blade are just visible in the rear sight aperture.
Table 4-1. Sight picture for various targets for

M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and M141 bunker defeat munitions.
TYPE OF TARGET SPEED AND PROCEDURE FOR PROPER
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT SIGHT PICTURE
Stationary Targets
Fixed positions and fortifications, as Place the center sightpost in the

well as vehicles moving directly toward center of the target or at the
or away from the firer desired hit point.
Slow-Moving Targets
Targets with an estimated speed of 10 Place the sightpost on the front or
miles per hour or less or those moving leading edge of the vehicle.
in an oblique direction
Fast-Moving Targets
Targets estimated to be moving faster Place the left or right top of the
than 10 miles per hour white half-moon on the center of
the target.
Table 4-2. Sight picture for various targets for improved M72.
TYPE OF TARGET SPEED AND PROCEDURE FOR PROPER
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT SIGHT PICTURE
Stationary Targets Fixed positions and fortifications, Place the center sightpost in the
as well as vehicles moving directly center of the target or at the
toward or away from the firer desired hit point.
Slow-Moving Targets Targets with an estimated speed Place the sightpost on the front or
of 15 miles per hour or less leading edge of the vehicle.
Fast-Moving Targets Targets estimated to be moving Place the top of the lead post on
faster than 15 miles per hour the center of the target.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-15

Chapter 4
Table 4-3. Sight picture for various targets for M72A2/A3.

TYPE OF TARGET SPEED AND PROCEDURE FOR
DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT PROPER SIGHT PICTURE
Stationary Targets Fixed positions and Position the front sight on
fortifications, as well as the target. Place the
vehicles moving directly correct vertical range line in
toward or away from the firer the center of the target.
Slow-Moving Targets Targets with an estimated Place the left or right lead
speed of 5 miles per hour or cross mark on the vehicle’s
less or those moving in an center of mass.
oblique direction
Fast-Moving Targets Targets estimated to be Place the left or right lead

moving faster than 5 miles cross mark on the leading
per hour edge of the vehicle.
4-16 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

BREATH CONTROL
4-23. Breath control is as important when firing a shoulder-launched munition as it is when firing an
individual weapon. Improper breath control while firing can cause a miss. To control breathing—
(1) Breathe deeply a couple of times.
(2) Take one last deep breath.
(3) Exhale partly.
(4) Hold your breath.
(5) Sight the munition.
(6) Fire the munition.
Note. This technique is also used in rifle marksmanship. See Chapter 4 of FM 3-22.9 for more
information.
TRIGGER MANIPULATION
4-24. Trigger manipulation differs according to the munition being fired:
z M141 BDMs (Figure 4-12) or M136-series Munitions (Figure 4-13): Apply firm and steady
forward pressure to the trigger with the thumb of your firing hand.
z M72-series Munitions (Figure 4-14): Place the thumb of your right hand under the launcher,
and your fingertips on the trigger, while keeping the palm of your hand firmly against the side of
the launch tube.
Notes. 1. Soldiers can practice trigger manipulation and control techniques on an expended
launcher or a FHT.
2. Appendix A of FM 3-22.9 provides a technique (dime/washer exercise) for

teaching rifle trigger squeeze discipline. This exercise can be applied to shoulder-
launched munition training.
Figure 4-12. Trigger manipulation of a M141 bunker defeat munition.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 4-17

Chapter 4
Figure 4-13. Trigger manipulation of a M136-series shoulder-launched munition.
Figure 4-14. Trigger manipulation of a M72-series shoulder-launched munition.
INTEGRATED ACT OF FIRING

4-25. To properly perform the integrated act of firing, the firer focuses on the front sight to obtain correct
sight alignment, and then places the aimpoint to complete the sight picture. He shifts or adjusts the position
of the launcher as necessary. The firer maintains the sight picture as he presses the trigger.
Note. The EST 2000 can be used to test learned firing skills and select designated marksmen.
4-18 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Chapter 5
EMPLOYMENT CONSIDERATIONS
This chapter discusses employment considerations for shoulder-launched munitions.
All techniques require at least basic marksmanship skills; those that require advanced
skills are identified.
METHODS OF ENGAGEMENT
5-1. The leader evaluates the situation on the ground to determine which method of engagement to use.
The four engagement methods include single, sequence, pair, and volley firing.
5-2. Communication is required to use all of these methods. Leaders control all unit fire and communicate
this information to the entire unit in accordance with the unit SOP. To properly engage a target, leaders
should inform shoulder-launched munitions designated marksmen of the following:
z Use of the proper munition for a given target.
z Target priority.
z Target engagement areas.
z Method of engagement.
z Range and lead to target (if known).
z Command or signal to fire.
z Command or signal to cease fire.
SINGLE FIRING
5-3. Single firing involves using a single Soldier armed with a single shoulder-launched munition to
engage a target. This method requires the Soldier to hit a vital part of the target to get the desired effect.
SEQUENCE FIRING
5-4. Sequence firing involves using a single firer equipped with two or more shoulder-launched munitions
(prepared for firing) to engage a target. After engaging with the first round and observing the impact, the
firer engages with additional rounds until he disables or destroys the target or runs out of rounds.
Notes. 1. Sequence firing is not the recommended means of engaging any type of target, day
or night. The firer is more susceptible to receiving direct and indirect enemy fire
when firing multiple shots from one location.
2. Shoulder-launched munitions do not have dedicated NVDs; firers must take those
devices from other weapons. Sequence firings require the firer to remove the
devices after each shot and then reattach them to another round of munition.
Leaders are encouraged to use pair and volley fires or other means to illuminate
targets when conducting operations during limited visibility conditions.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 5-1

Chapter 5
PAIR FIRING
5-5. Pair firing involves using two or more firers equipped with shoulder-launched munitions (prepared
for firing) to engage a single target. The first firer informs the others of the distance to the target, and if it is
moving, the estimated speed. If the impact of his round proves his estimate to be correct, the other firer(s)
engage(s) the target. If the impact of the round proves his estimate to be incorrect, the second firer informs
the others of his estimate and engages the target.
5-6. Firing in pairs is the recommended method for creating man-sized holes in structural walls using a
M141 BDM. For example: One firer creates the initial entry point, and the other firer places a round in
close proximity to widen the entry point.
VOLLEY FIRING
5-7. Volley firing involves using two or more firers to engage a single target (when the range is known) at
the same time on a prearranged signal.
5-8. Volley firing can be the most effective means of engagement, as it places the most possible rounds on
one target at one time, increasing the possibility of a kill. Volley firing is the recommended method of
engaging more than one target or target area, day or night.
Note. When conducting operations during limited visibility conditions, NVSs should only be
needed for the initial engagement, which eliminates the need to detach and reattach these
devices. After the initial assault, the commander may use other sources to see the operational
environment.
ENGAGEMENT OF VEHICLES
5-9. There are two types of vehicles:
z Armored vehicles.
z Non-armored vehicles.
5-10. Although current shoulder-launched munitions can be used against armored and non-armored
vehicles, matching the right munition to the target can mean success or failure. Table 5-1 compares the
effects of different munitions on vehicle types.
5-11. Armored vehicle kills are classified according to the level of damage achieved (Table 5-2). Table 5-1
classifies degrees of damage using these levels.
Note. Firers should always aim at the vehicle’s center of mass to increase the probability of a hit.
5-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Employment Considerations
Table 5-1. Effects of different munitions on vehicle types.

MUNITION EFFECTS REMARKS
Heavy-Armored Vehicle
The older the vehicle model, the less protection it has against shoulder-launched munitions. Newer versions may use bolt-on
(appliqué) armor to improve their survivability. Some vehicles are equipped with reactive armor, which consists of metal plates and
plastic explosives.
Can cause a mobility kill by disabling the vehicle's The M141 BDM should be a last resort when
M141 BDM
suspension system engaging armored vehicles.
Causes only a small entry hole, though some Reactive armor usually covers the front and
M136-series
fragmentation or spallation may occur sides of the vehicle, and can defeat shaped-
Causes only a small entry hole, though some charge weapons; however, the munition can
fragmentation or spallation may occur restrict the vehicle’s mobility and may destroy
M72-series
the vehicle if the round hits a vulnerable spot,
such as the engine compartment area.
Light-Armored Vehicle
All current shoulder-launched munitions are capable of destroying most light-armored vehicles, if the round hits a vulnerable spot,
such as the engine compartment area, or fuel tank. Unit leaders should provide squad and platoon supporting fires when
engaging light-armored troop carriers. Any infantry troops that survive the initial assault may dismount and return fire.
Can cause a catastrophic kill, if the round hits a
M141 BDM vulnerable spot, such as the engine compartment N/A
area or fuel tank
M136-series vulnerable spot, such as the engine compartment N/A
area or fuel tank
M72-series vulnerable spot, such as the engine compartment N/A
area or fuel tank
Non-Armored Vehicles
Non-armored vehicles, such as trucks and cars, are considered soft targets. Firing along their length (flank) offers the greatest
chance of a kill, because this type of shot is most likely to hit their engine block or fuel tank. Front and rear angles offer a much
smaller target, reducing the chance of a first time hit.
M141 BDM Causes a catastrophic kill
May penetrate, but will pass through the body with When engaging enemy-used privately-owned
M136-series limited damage unless the rocket hits a vital part of vehicles (POVs) with M136- or the M72-series
the engine munitions, do not fire at the main body.
May penetrate, but will pass through the body with Instead, fire at the engine compartment area.
M72-series limited damage unless the rocket hits a vital part of
the engine
Table 5-2. Armored vehicle kills.

PART OF VEHICLE
TYPE OF KILL CAPABILITY AFTER KILL
DAMAGED OR DESTROYED
Suspension (track, wheels, or road wheels) or power train Vehicle cannot move, but it can still return
Mobility Kill
(engine or transmission) has been damaged. fire.
Vehicle can still move, so it can get
Firepower Kill Main armament has been disabled.
away.
Ammunition or fuel storage section has been hit by more than
Catastrophic Kill Vehicle is completely destroyed.
one round.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 5-3

Chapter 5
ENGAGEMENT OF FIELD FORTIFICATIONS AND BUILDINGS

5-12. Shoulder-launched munitions can be used to engage various types of field fortifications and
buildings, with different effects for the type of shoulder-launched munition used.

5-13. The M141 BDM was designed to better enhance the destruction of field fortifications and buildings.
The M141 BDM contains a high-explosive, dual purpose (HEDP) round with a dual-mode fuze that
automatically adjusts for the type of target on impact. For soft targets, such as sandbagged bunkers, the
M141 BDM warhead automatically adjusts to delayed mode and hits the target with high kinetic energy.
This energy propels the warhead through the barrier and into the fortification or building, where the fuze
detonates the warhead and causes greater damage.
5-14. Table 5-3 provides recommendations and considerations for M141 BDM use.
Table 5-3. Effects of M141 bunker defeat munitions on field fortifications or bunkers.
AIMPOINT EFFECT WHEN MUNITION IS FIRED AT AIMPOINT RECOMMENDED FIRING TECHNIQUE
Rounds fired into firing ports or apertures can destroy
standard earth and timber bunkers, and hasty urban
fighting positions (i.e., vehicles, metal dumpsters).
Coordinate fire: Fire a shoulder-launched
Bunkers Rounds will detonate inside the rear of the position,
munition at and through firing ports.
causing major structural damage. Damage to enemy
equipment may be minor unless it is hit directly. The round
will cause injury or death to occupants.
Rounds fired through windows and
doorways can destroy the contents of the
building. Destruction may not be
contained within a single room. Rounds
Windows/ and/or debris from the round and material Coordinate fire: Fire a M141 BDM at the center
Doorways may pass through into other sections of of the visible part of a window or door.
the building, causing collateral damage.
Damage to enemy equipment may be
minor unless it is hit directly. The round
Buildings will cause injury or death to occupants.
Coordinate fire: Fire one or more M141 BDMs
Rounds fired at walls will penetrate at the center of the desired location for the
double-reinforced concrete walls up to 8 opening. Fire a second round through the
inches thick, and triple-brick structures. opening to destroy targets within the structure.
Walls
The initial blast will open a hole in the
wall, but may or may not completely Note. It takes more than one round to create a
penetrate the building. man-size hole. Use pair or volley fire, placing
the rounds about 12 to 18 inches apart.
Rounds fired through underground openings can collapse
the opening or destroy the contents within it. Destruction
may not be contained within the opening. Rounds and/or
debris may pass through into other sections of the
Underground opening, causing further damage. Damage to enemy
Coordinate fire: Fire one or more M141 BDM.
Openings equipment may be minor unless it is hit directly. The round
will cause injury or death to occupants at the front
entrance, and others farther into the opening may be
incapacitated or die from the concussion, heat, and debris
caused by the explosion.
5-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

M136- AND M72-SERIES MUNITIONS

5-15. M136- and M72-series launchers have high-explosive antitank (HEAT) warheads. These warheads
are designed to burn through the material that protects enemy heavy-and light-armored vehicles, and they
create spalls upon reentry. These spalls can ignite fuel and ammunition, and injure or kill personnel.
5-16. When used against field fortifications and buildings, however, these munitions have little effect. If
the alternatives shown in Table 5-4 are used, Soldiers may be able to gain a temporary advantage.
Table 5-4. Effects of M136- and M72-series munitions on field fortifications or bunkers.
AIMPOINT EFFECT WHEN MUNITION IS FIRED AT AIMPOINT RECOMMENDED FIRING TECHNIQUE
Firing at the bunker causes the round to detonate outside
the fighting position or inside the bunker, creating only a
Bunkers small hole in the bunker, dust, or minor structural damage
to the position, but no damage to personnel or equipment
unless they are hit directly.
The round may travel completely through Coordinate fire: Fire 6 to 12 inches from the
the structure before detonating. If not, it sides or bottom of a window. M136- and M72-
Windows/ creates dust and causes minor structural series rounds explode on contact with brick or
Doorways damage to the rear wall, but little damage concrete, creating an opening with a size
to personnel or equipment unless they are determined by the type of round used.
hit directly.
The round detonates on contact, creating
dust and causing a small hole and minor
Walls structural damage, but little damage to
Buildings personnel or equipment, unless they are
hit directly.
Corners are reinforced and, therefore,
harder to penetrate than other parts of a
wall. The munition will detonate sooner on
a corner than on a less dense surface.
Detonation should occur in the targeted
Corners room, creating dust and causing
overpressure, which can temporarily
incapacitate personnel inside the structure
near the point of detonation.
Note. M136-series munitions cause more
overpressure than M72-series munitions.
Rounds fired around underground openings can collapse
Underground the opening. Damage to enemy equipment may be minor Coordinate fire: Fire one or more M136- or M72-
Openings unless it is hit directly. Heat and debris from the round will series munitions.
cause injury or death to occupants at the front entrance.
Note. Fire small arms at enemy-held positions to prevent personnel within from returning fire.
ENGAGEMENTS CONDUCTED DURING LIMITED VISIBILITY

5-17. To avoid fratricide, leaders must ensure all designated marksmen are trained for operations
conducted during limited visibility conditions. These engagements can be conducted using various NVDs
or artificial illumination; however, the use of NVDs or artificial illumination can reduce the ability to see
aimpoints clearly and identify targets.
Note. On the M141 BDM, the M136-series munition, and the improved M72 launcher with
adjustable sights, use the 7-mm peephole for firing during limited visibility conditions. On the
M72A2, use the front sight illuminated range marks at the 100- and 150-meter points to engage
targets in low light.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 5-5

Chapter 5
NIGHT VISION DEVICES
WARNING
To reduce the risk of detection by an enemy wearing night vision
goggles (NVGs), avoid prolonged activation of the IR aiming light
prior to firing.
The beam of an IR aiming light is more detectable to an enemy

using NVGs when shining through smoke, fog, and rain. Avoid
prolonged activation of the aiming light in these conditions.
Note. Chapter 1 describes the various NVDs that can be used, and Appendix C gives the
mounting and alignment procedures for each NVD.
5-18. Because shoulder-launched munitions are discarded after firing, the munition has no dedicated
sight systems other than those permanently attached to the launcher; therefore, NVDs must be attached to
the munition before use. When attaching NVDs, use the following guidelines:
z The M141 BDM has a permanently attached mounting rail that enables mounting of the NVS or
the aiming light.
z The M136A1 AT4CS has permanently attached mounting rails that enable simultaneous
mounting of the NVS and the aiming light.
z Before a NVD can be used on the M72-series or the M136 AT4, a mounting bracket must be
attached. This bracket will only support one device at a time: a NVS or an aiming light.
Notes. 1. See Appendix C for more information about NVD use.
2. The M72A4/A5/A6/A7 comes with a forward mounting rail used for mounting
aiming lights.
ARTIFICIAL ILLUMINATION
5-19. Illumination can distort the target when placed between the firer and the target. If artificial illumination
is used in limited visibility conditions, it should be placed above and slightly beyond the target.
ENGAGEMENT IN CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL, RADIOLOGICAL,

AND NUCLEAR CONDITIONS
5-20. Wearing a protective mask limits the firer’s ability to sight the munition, and wearing chemical,
biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) gloves limits his ability to manipulate the firing mechanism.
SIGHTING THE MUNITION

5-21. To properly sight the munition while wearing the protective gas mask, the firer may have to rotate the
launcher slightly counterclockwise. The mask affects depth perception and distorts images, making
determining the location, identification, and range-to-target more difficult.
FIRING THE MUNITION

5-22. Shoulder-launched munitions practice events provide firing exercises for Soldiers wearing MOPP
gear. Soldiers should also practice manipulating the firing mechanism while wearing CBRN gloves.
5-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Note. Before conducting LFXs, Soldiers should practice firing while wearing MOPP gear by
using EST 2000 firing exercises.
ENGAGEMENT FROM AN ENCLOSURE
DANGER
THE M136 AT4, M141 BDM, AND M72-SERIES MUNITION MUST
NEVER BE FIRED FROM AN ENCLOSURE. THE OVERPRESSURE
AND BLAST CAN KILL, SERIOUSLY INJURE, OR DEAFEN THE
FIRER AND/OR ANY OTHER PERSONNEL IN THE ENCLOSURE.
THE M136A1 AT4CS MUNITION HAS BEEN RATED SAFE FOR
USE FROM AN ENCLOSURE, BUT ONLY WHEN THE ENCLOSURE
MEETS THE MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS (LISTED IN THIS
SECTION).
5-23. Firing from an enclosure creates unique hazards. As such, leaders must consider several safety
factors before firing from enclosures.
Note. The M136A1 AT4CS is the only shoulder-launched munition proven safe for firing from
enclosures; however, enclosures must meet the following specifications. See Chapter 2 for more
information about using the M136A1 AT4CS to engage targets from enclosures.
CONSTRUCTION
5-24. The building must be sturdily constructed to reduce the structural damage that would occur in a
weakly constructed enclosure (such as one made of wood or stucco).
SIZE
5-25. Properly positioning the launcher within the enclosure is vital to the safety and survival of all
personnel in the enclosure. The launcher should be positioned so that the firer is as far away as possible
from the backblast area. At a minimum, the enclosure should be 12 by 15 feet, with a ceiling height of 7
feet or more to allow for blast overpressure.
VENTILATION
5-26. Without sufficient ventilation, blast overpressure can weaken or collapse the walls. To increase
ventilation and reduce overpressure, noise, and blast effects—
z Provide at least 20 square feet of ventilation (such as a standard 3-by 7-foot doorway) directly
behind the firer.
z Open or remove all doors and windows.
Note. If a room has only one opening to the rear of the launcher, knock several 3- to 4-foot holes
between the wall supports. This will allow more blast overpressure to escape.
WARNING
DO NOT remove wall supports. Doing so can weaken the foundation.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 5-7

Chapter 5
z On the front wall, remove only those portions of the window that may restrict firing the
shoulder-launched munition. Muzzle clearance must be at least 4 inches (10 cm).
CAUTION
M136A1 AT4CS rocket fins deploy to a 10-inch diameter. Take care not
to impact the window frame when firing the M136A1 AT4CS from an
enclosure.
z If a window dressing is present (curtains/blinds), leave it in place until ready to fire. Removal
will draw attention to the position.
PROTECTION
5-27. Personnel should reinforce firing positions from the inside to help protect the firer from enemy
direct-fire weapons.
OBJECTS AND DEBRIS

5-28. Any objects or debris within the room must be removed so that blast overpressure will not cause
them to fly around the room, possibly injuring personnel.
PERSONNEL POSITIONS
5-29. If any other Soldiers are present, they must remain to the side of the shoulder-launched munitions
fired. Soldiers in support of shoulder-launched munition firers should avoid standing in corners or near
walls. If possible, they should construct reinforced positions that will protect them from the effects of blast
overpressure.
Note. See Chapter 2 for more information about firing shoulder-launched munitions from the
inside of structures.
WARNING
To avoid injuring the eardrums, Soldiers must wear the approved
brand of ear protection. Shoulder-launched munition firers must
alert Soldiers in close proximity before firing.
ENGAGEMENT BEYOND MAXIMUM EFFECTIVE RANGE

5-30. A skilled firer can engage targets beyond the munition’s maximum effective range. Beyond the
maximum effective range, the firer must aim higher than the target’s center of mass and apply additional
lead for moving targets. Commanders must realize that accuracy is reduced at these ranges. Also, firing at
these ranges reveals the firing position to the enemy.
5-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Appendix A
M72 PRACTICE FIRING TABLES
This appendix provides firing tables for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions.
The M72AS subcaliber training launcher is used to fire the practice firing tables for
M72-series shoulder-launched munitions, and DA Form 7678 (Day and Night Fire--
M72 [M72AS 21-mm Subcaliber Training Launcher], shown in Figure A-1) is used
to score them. The tasks, conditions, and standards for the instructional day and night
firing tables are provided in Tables A-2 and A-4.
Figure A-1. Example of completed DA Form 7678

(Day and Night Fire—M72 [M72AS 21-mm Subcaliber Training Launcher]).
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 A-1

Appendix A
Note. A blank copy of the form is located at the end of this publication for local reproduction on
8 1/2- by 11-inch paper.
PRACTICE DAY FIRE

A-1. Soldiers conduct practice day fire using a M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
Note. During the execution of this training, range safety personnel should load the subcaliber
training launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
A-2. Table A-1 shows the distribution of rounds.

Table A-1. Distribution of rounds for practice day fire.
Practice Stationary (M72AS Subcaliber Training Launcher)
2 Stationary 200 to 250 Kneeling*
Practice Moving (M72AS Subcaliber Training Launcher)
* The firer wears MOPP gear when firing from this position.
A-3. Soldiers fire five rounds using a M72AS subcaliber training launcher: three rounds at stationary
targets at ranges of 150 to 300 meters and two rounds at moving targets at ranges of 100 to 200 meters. The
purpose of this firing is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during day conditions,
receiving blast overpressure effects. Table A-2 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
assessments prove that blast anticipation after firing the initial round causes the firer to concentrate
more on blast effects than the target. This can be overcome if Soldiers are given the opportunity to
fire more shoulder-launched munitions and at a greater frequency. Soldiers can use simulators that
closely replicate the blast effects of firing live munitions to reduce firer anticipation.
Table A-2. Practice day firing tables for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions.
TABLE I—M72 PRACTICE DAY FIRE, STATIONARY TARGETS
TASK Engage stationary targets with a M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
CONDITIONS On a suitable MPRC. Given one M72AS subcaliber training launcher, three rounds of 21-mm ammunition,
and three stationary targets at ranges of 150 to 250 meters. One target is engaged while the Soldier is
wearing MOPP4 gear.
STANDARD The Soldier fires three rockets at stationary targets and achieves at least two hits. The Soldier demonstrates
correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the fundamentals of marksmanship.
TABLE II—M72 PRACTICE DAY FIRE, MOVING TARGETS
TASK Engage moving targets with a M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
CONDITIONS On a suitable MPRC. Given one M72AS subcaliber training launcher, two rounds of 21-mm ammunition,
and two targets moving at a rate of 8 to 24 km per hour at a range of 100 to 200 meters.
STANDARD The Soldier fires two rockets at moving targets and achieves at least one hit. The Soldier demonstrates
correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the fundamentals of marksmanship.
A-4. The results are recorded on Tables I and II of DA Form 7678.
A-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

M72 Practice Firing Tables
PRACTICE NIGHT FIRE

A-5. Soldiers conduct practice night fire using a M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
Notes. 1. During the execution of this training, range safety personnel should load the
subcaliber training launcher and perform any necessary maintenance.
2. Practice night fire consists of hands-on installation of NVDs and firing. Instructors will
prepare all shoulder-launched munitions for conducting night fire.
A-6. Table A-3 shows the distribution of rounds.

Table A-3. Distribution of rounds for practice night fire.
Practice Stationary/Moving (M72AS Subcaliber Training Launcher)
A-7. Soldiers fire two rounds using a M72AS subcaliber training launcher: one round at a stationary target
at a range of 200 to 250 meters and one round at a moving target at a range of 150 to 200 meters. The
purpose of this firing is to determine the firer’s ability to estimate range to the target during limited
visibility conditions, demonstrate correct firing positions, apply the fundamentals of marksmanship, and
achieve accuracy. Table A-4 shows the task, conditions, and standards for this training.
Table A-4. Practice night firing table for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions.
TABLE III—M72 PRACTICE NIGHT FIRING
TASK Engage stationary targets with a M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
CONDITIONS On a suitable MPRC. Given one M72AS subcaliber training launcher; two rounds of 21-mm ammunition;
two stationary targets at ranges of 125 to 220 meters; one AN/PAS-13 or AN/PVS-4 NVS; NVS mounting
bracket; and an AN/PEQ-15, an AN/PAC-4 aiming light, or illumination provided by indirect fire.
STANDARD The Soldier fires two rockets at stationary and moving targets and achieves at least one hit. The Soldier
demonstrates correct firing positions, estimates range to the target, and applies the fundamentals of
marksmanship.
Notes. 1. Before you can use a NVS, you must install the AN/PVS-4 mounting kit. Both
sights can be used with this kit.
2. Before you can use the AN/PVS-4, you must install a M72A1 sight reticle on it
and align it to an expended M72 launcher.
3. Before conducting Table III, all NVDs must be aligned to the launcher.
A-8. The results are recorded on Table of DA Form 7678.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 A-3

Appendix B
TRAINING AIDS, DEVICES, SIMULATORS, AND
SIMULATIONS
TADSS eliminate the training gap in the generating force and operational Army by
providing a means to conduct hands-on training tasks, marksmanship fundamentals,
and target engagements before Soldiers attempt to fire the actual munition.
SECTION I. TRAINING LAUNCHERS

B-1. Shoulder-launched munition training launchers are classified as FHTs or FETs. FHTs are
manufactured launchers made to look, feel, and operate the same as a live round. FETs are expended
munitions that may or may not feel and operate the same as a live round. Soldiers can use training
launchers to practice actions without the added stress of live munitions.
Notes. 1. Shoulder-launched munition training launchers are accountable items; they are
tracked by serial number.
2. Refer to DA PAM 385-64, chapter 13, for more information about the approved
markings of training launchers.
FIELD-EXPEDIENT TRAINER
B-2. Expended (fired) shoulder-launched munitions (Table B-1) may be converted into FETs as an initial
assignment of training rounds and as replacements for damaged rounds. Weight can be added to replicate
the actual munition, if needed; however, this type of training launcher may not contain fully functional firer
controls. An FET made using an expended launcher should be used for initial shoulder-launched munitions
training to help Soldiers learn how to—
z Inspect the launcher for serviceability.
z Prepare the launcher for firing.
z Demonstrate the correct firing position.
z Obtain correct sight picture.
z Return the launcher to a carrying configuration.
Notes. 1. Converted shoulder-launched munitions ARE NOT available through the supply system
and are only obtained by direct conversion from expended launchers. Units can submit a
request through command channels to keep fired shoulder-launched munitions as training
aids. The local training support center (TSC) can provide FETs.
2. DOD Regulation 5100.76-M requires that FETs made from expended launchers to
be carefully controlled. Conversion is authorized provided that the
unit/organization maintains accountability of the item. Damaged FETs should be
disposed of in accordance with unit and post regulations and SOPs.
Markings/labels should be used to distinguish training devices from service
munitions.
3. The fire controls of expended M141 BDMs are not functional.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-1

Appendix B
Table B-1. Types of field-expedient trainers.

TYPE OF FIELD EXPEDIENT TRAINER DETAILS
M136 AT4
M136 AT4 FETs are marked with a 1-inch gold band

between the front and rear sights, and with the word
“INERT” in 1-inch letters on the side of the launcher.
M136A1 AT4CS
M136A1 AT4CS FETs are marked with a 1-inch gold

band between the front and rear sights, and with the
word “INERT” in 1-inch letters on the side of the
launcher.
M72-Series Shoulder-Launched Munitions
M72-series FETs are marked with a 1-inch gold band

and have a training label below the munition
nomenclature stenciled on the launcher.
M141 BDM
M141 BDM FETs are marked with a 1-inch gold band,

and with the word “INERT” in 1-inch letters on the side
of the launcher.
FIELD HANDLING TRAINER

B-3. FHTs (Table B-2) come off of the assembly line packaged the same as live rounds, but with all the
markings of a training round. An inert ballast is added to replicate the rocket’s weight and center of gravity.
Note. The M141 BDM firing mechanism is electrically controlled. A rechargeable firing
mechanism that enables the Soldier to recock the launcher must be installed at the factory.
B-4. Fully operational FHTs should be used for basic and advanced shoulder-launched munitions training
to help Soldiers learn how to—
z Arm, aim, and fire the launcher during the day.
z Install NVDs and perform sight alignment.
z Arm, aim, and fire the launcher during limited visibility.
z Apply target engagement techniques for stationary and moving targets.
B-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Training Aids, Devices, Simulators, and Simulations
Table B-2. Types of field handling trainers.

TYPE OF FIELD HANDLING TRAINER DETAILS
M141 BDM M141 BDM FHTs have gold bands to identify them as
trainers. The firing mechanism safety button and
trigger button are functional, permitting firers to
practice firing. These FHTs can be reset after
functioning by using a recocking pin stored under the
NVD mount protective cover.
Note. The recocking mechanism is the only function

that differs from the actual round.
SECTION II. SUBCALIBER TRAINING LAUNCHERS

B-5. The subcaliber training launcher is a reusable system that Soldiers can fire from the standing, sitting,
kneeling, and prone positions.
WARNING
Subcaliber training launchers look, feel, and behave like actual
munitions. For this reason, they should be treated like actual
munitions.
Notes. 1. To extend the service life of shoulder-launched munition subcaliber training

launchers, they must not be used during classroom instruction, practical exercise
drills, or field exercises.
2. Shoulder-launched munition subcaliber training launchers must be serviced and

maintained in accordance with their individual TMs. Each subcaliber training
launcher kit comes with its own cleaning supplies and TM. Cleaning supplies are
in the Army supply system.
3. Shoulder-launched munition subcaliber training launchers are accountable items;

they are tracked by serial number.
With the exception of the M136A1 AT4CS and the M72A4/5, each shoulder-launched munition has its own
specially designed subcaliber training launcher:
z The M141 BDM currently uses the BDM subcaliber training launcher.
z The M136 AT4 uses the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
z The M72A6/A7 uses the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
Note. All training with the M190 subcaliber training launcher has been discontinued. Units
requesting M72-series munitions can conduct practice live fires with the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher. See Appendix A for M72-series shoulder-launched munitions instructional
live-fire training tasks.
BUNKER DEFEAT MUNITION SUBCALIBER TRAINING

LAUNCHER
B-6. The BDM subcaliber training launcher (Figure B-1) is a specially constructed M141 BDM launcher
fitted with a reusable/reloadable, 21-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly. The technical specifications for
this training launcher are listed in Table B-3.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-3

Appendix B
Note. The BDM subcaliber training launcher firing mechanism is electrically controlled. A
rechargeable firing mechanism that enables the Soldier to recock the launcher must be
installed at the factory.
IDENTIFICATION
B-7. Unlike the live round and the FHT, the BDM subcaliber training launcher has no color-coded band
between the front and rear sights.
Figure B-1. Bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.

Table B-3. Technical data for the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
Closed 32.0 inches (813 mm)
Length
Extended 54.7 inches (1,389 mm)
Weight 16 pounds (7.26 kg)
Action Electrical
Sights M136-series shoulder-launched munition front and rear sights
Operating temperature -40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (-40 to 60 degrees Celsius)
Muzzle velocity 210 meters per second (690 feet per second)
Caliber 21-mm
COMPONENTS
B-8. The training launcher consists of a launcher, a 21-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly, and a primer
block (Figure B-2).
AMMUNITION
B-9. The BDM subcaliber training launcher is designed to accept a HA21 21-mm training rocket (Figure
B-3). The velocity and trajectory of this ammunition match those of shoulder-launched munitions. The
HA21 21-mm training rocket produces more noise and blast overpressure than the M939 9-mm training
practice-tracer (TP-T) cartridge. The HA21 training rocket also has a tracer element that the firer can see
out to 250 meters; this enables the firer to compare the impact of the training rocket with the sight picture.
Note. The HA21 training rocket may be fired at stationary or moving targets. It can be fired on
MPRCs.
B-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure B-2. Bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher primer block.
Figure B-3. HA21 21-mm training rocket with storage case.
FUNCTION CHECK
Note. The BDM subcaliber training launcher comes packaged in the carrying configuration.
B-10. Before the BDM subcaliber training launcher is fired, a function check must be performed to ensure
the trigger and safety mechanisms are operating properly. To perform a function check, ensure
z The launcher has no apparent damage. Check carefully for cracks or breaks to the firing
mechanism and the front and rear sight covers.
z The firing mechanism and sight cover open and close.
z The recocking and safety pins are present.
z The launcher extends and locks in the extended position, and the front and rear sights lock in the
upright position.
z The safety button and firing pin are in proper working condition. Check by cocking and firing
the unloaded training launcher.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-5

Appendix B
CAUTION
Do not dry-fire without an expended rocket primer block. It may
damage the firing mechanism.
z The primer block cover/housing cavity has no apparent damage.

z The bore gauge will pass through the barrel assembly.
WARNINGS
Load live ammunition when on the firing line only.
Never fire the BDM subcaliber training launcher at hard targets

less than 100 meters from the firing line.
Remain clear of the front of the launcher, which must be pointed

downrange at all times.
B-11. Soldiers should return damaged/unserviceable BDM subcaliber training launchers to the issue point.
Note. If the 21-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly is damaged, field-level maintenance can
replace its complete firing mechanism.
COCKING
Notes. 1. The BDM subcaliber training launcher requires the firing mechanism to be cocked
prior to use and after each firing sequence. This requires the launcher to be
collapsed and re-extended after each firing.
2. The BDM subcaliber training launcher comes packaged in the carrying

configuration. The initial cocking (performed before placing the launcher in the
ready-to-fire configuration) and the recocking of the M141 subcaliber training
launcher firing mechanism will be performed by assistant firers or range
personnel.
B-12. See Table B-4 for more information about the procedures used to cock the BDM subcaliber training
launcher.
Table B-4. Procedures used to cock the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING
Keep the training launcher pointed downrange at all

times.
(1) Hold the launcher on your shoulder (muzzle end pointed

downrange, toward the target).
B-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-4. Procedures used to cock

the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher (continued).
FIRER ASSISTANT
(1) Remove the recocking pin from under the NVD mounting
bracket cover.
(2) Open the firing mechanism cover.
(3) Insert the recocking pin into the recocking pin hole on the
firing mechanism.
(4) Close the firing mechanism cover until it touches the

recocking pin.
(5) Push the recocking pin forward until the firing mechanism
snaps into the cocked position.
(6) Remove the recocking pin.
(7) Close the firing mechanism cover over the trigger button
(SAFE position).
(8) Store the recocking pin under the NVD mounting bracket
cover.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-7

Appendix B
PREPARE THE LAUNCHER FOR FIRING

B-13. See Table B-5 for more information about the procedures used to prepare the BDM subcaliber
training launcher for firing.
Table B-5. Procedures used to prepare
the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher for firing.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.
(1) Cradle the munition (muzzle end pointed downrange, toward

the target).
(2) While supporting the launcher with your right arm, place the
launcher under your left arm.
(3) Hold the launcher away from the body.
(4) While keeping the muzzle of the launcher pointed downrange,

face to the rear by pivoting your body 90 degrees to the right.
(5) With your right hand, pull and release the transport safety pin.
(6) Depress the tube release button with your left thumb.
(7) Grasp the rear tube (inner tube) just in front of the rear
bumper with your right hand, and extend the inner tube rearward
until it stops.
Note. A yellow band is visible at the inner tube front end when
the tube is fully extended.
(9) Rotate the inner tube clockwise (in the direction of the arrow)
until it locks.
(10) Verify that the inner tube is locked by attempting to rotate the
inner tube counterclockwise (in the opposite direction of the
arrow).
Note. If the tubes are not locked, the munition will not arm.
(11) Inspect the inner tube for cracks, dents, or punctures. If any
are present, return the launcher to its carrying configuration, tag
it, and return it to the TSC.
(12) Press the shoulder stop lock/release button, and pull the
shoulder stop out.
(13) Grip the forward end of the launcher with your left hand and
the rear end of the launcher with your right hand.
(14) Raise the launcher out and away from your body.
(15) While keeping the launcher pointed at the target, pivot your
body 180 degrees to face the target.
(16) Place the launcher on your right shoulder.
B-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-5. Procedures used to prepare

the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher for firing (continued).
FIRER ASSISTANT
(17) Reach forward with your left hand, and grasp the front sight
cover. Press down, and slide it rearward.
(18) With your left hand, grasp the rear sight cover. Press down,
and slide it forward.
(19) Wrap the sling strap around your left bicep. Cup the bottom
of the launcher with your left hand, and slide it back toward your
body to tighten the sling.
Note. When firing the M141 BDM, the weapon sling should be
used to increase firer control, as is done with a conventional
rifle; however, DO NOT wrap the sling around your left arm as
one would with a rifle.
LOADING
B-14. See Table B-6 for more information about the procedures used to load the BDM subcaliber training
launcher.
Table B-6. Procedures used to load the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING
Keep the training launcher pointed downrange at

all times.

(1) Place the safety pin into the hole in training launcher’s rear
tube.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-9

Appendix B
Table B-6. Procedures used to load

FIRER ASSISTANT
(2) Grasp the training rocket’s storage case, and separate the two
halves.
WARNINGS
Wear gloves when handling HA21 21-mm

training rockets.
To prevent electrostatic discharge, a bare HA21

21-mm training rocket should never be handed
from one person to another.
The HA21 21-mm training rocket should remain

in the aluminum storage tube until just prior to
loading in the training launcher.
Do not grip the propellant portion of the HA21

21-mm training rocket when removing the
training rocket from the carrying case or when
loading into the BDM subcaliber training
launcher. The training rocket propellant may be
damaged, causing a misfire.
(3) Carefully remove the training rocket from the case.

Inspect the training rocket for—
• Broken or missing propellant sticks.
• Broken igniter or transfer line.
• Damaged or missing O-ring.
• Dirt and debris.
B-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010


FIRER ASSISTANT
(4) Rotate the primer block cover open to expose the primer
housing cavity.
(5) Remove the dust cover from the primer housing cavity using a
flat-tipped screw driver.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-11

Appendix B

FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING
The assistant MUST keep his body out of the

backblast area when inserting the HA21 21-mm
training rocket primer block in the housing of the
BDM subcaliber training launcher.
(6) While holding the training rocket by the nozzle end, line up the
primer block on the training rocket with the BDM subcaliber
training launcher primer housing cavity.
(7) Insert the training rocket into the training launcher barrel until
the flange of the training rocket is flush against the subcaliber
training launcher.
Note. Ensure that the training rocket is fully inserted in the

launch tube before placing the primer in the primer housing.
B-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010


FIRER ASSISTANT
(8) Place the primer block in the housing.
(9) Close the primer block cover over the training rocket primer
block.
(10) While standing to the firing side of the launcher, remove the
safety pin from the training launcher rear tube. Let the firer know
the training launcher is ready to be fired.
ARMING/FIRING
B-15. See Table B-7 for more information about the procedures used to arm and fire the BDM subcaliber
training launcher.
RELOADING
B-16. See Table B-8 for more information about the procedures used to reload the BDM training launcher.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-13

Appendix B
Table B-7. Procedures used to arm/fire

the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

all times.
Check the backblast area before firing the munition.
When firing at targets less than 100 meters away,

fire from behind safe cover (i.e., sandbag wall,
concrete wall) to prevent injury from flying debris.

(3) Grasp the firing mechanism cover with your right hand, and
rotate the cover all the way forward until the cover is flush with
the outer tube.
Notes. 1. If the firing mechanism cover is not flush with

the launch tube, the munition will not arm.
2. The word ARMED can be seen in red letters

when the cover is opened.
(4) Adjust the rear sight to the correct range, using the following:
Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset
at the 150-meter battlesight range setting.
• To adjust the rear sight range setting to more than 150

meters, turn the range knob clockwise (toward the
muzzle).
• To decrease the range, turn the range knob
counterclockwise (toward the firer).
Note. There is an audible clicking sound at each 50-meter

increment; this sound aids you during limited visibility.
(5) Place the fingertips of your right hand on the safety button
(located on top of the firing mechanism), and press down. Then,
place your right thumb on the red trigger button.
(6) Pull the shoulder stop against the shoulder.
Note. The rear sight should be no less than 2 1/2 inches and
no more than 3 inches from your eyes.
(8) Press the trigger button forward with the thumb of your right
hand, and hold until the subcaliber training launcher fires.
B-14 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-8. Procedures used to reload the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

all times.

(1) Open the firing mechanism cover.
(2) Insert the recocking pin into the recocking pin hole on the
firing mechanism.
(3) Close the firing mechanism cover until it touches the

recocking pin.
(4) Push the recocking pin forward until the firing mechanism
snaps into the cocked position.
(5) Remove the recocking pin.
(6) Close the firing mechanism cover over the trigger button
(SAFE position).
(7) Store the recocking pin under the NVD mounting bracket
cover.
(2) Keeping the launcher’s muzzle pointed toward the target

area, remove the training launcher from your shoulder, and place
the launcher under your left arm as you pivot your body 180
degrees to face to the rear.
(3) Depress the tube release button with your left thumb.
(4) Rotate the inner tube counterclockwise (opposite to the

arrow).
(6) With your right hand, insert the inner tube into the outer tube
until about 6 inches of the inner tube is still exposed.
(7) Grasp the rear tube (inner tube) just in front of the rear
bumper with your right hand, and extend the inner tube rearward
until it stops.
(8) Rotate the inner tube clockwise (in the direction of the arrow)
until it locks.
(9) Verify that the inner tube is locked by attempting to rotate the
inner tube counterclockwise (opposite to the arrow).
Grip the forward end of the launcher with your left hand and the
rear end of the launcher with your right hand.
(10) While keeping the launcher pointed at the target, raise the
launcher out and away from your body, pivot your body 180
degrees to the left, and place the launcher on your right
shoulder, facing the target area.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-15

Appendix B
Table B-8. Procedures used to reload

FIRER ASSISTANT
(11) Wrap the sling strap around your left bicep. Cup the bottom
of the launcher with your left hand, and slide it back toward your
body to tighten the sling.
Note. When firing the M141 BDM, the weapon sling should be
used to increase firer control, as is done with a conventional
rifle; however, DO NOT wrap the sling around your left arm as
one would with a rifle.
(8) Rotate the primer block cover open to expose the primer
housing cavity.
(9) Remove the expended primer cap from the primer housing
cavity.
CAUTION
Use only approved solvent and/or lubricant to clean
the training launcher before firing and after each three
rounds fired.
(10) Inspect the primer block housing cavity for debris and carbon
build-up. Clean with a damp rag or cleaning kit, as necessary.
Note. If required, the firer cradles the launcher enabling the

assistant to clean the barrel after each three rounds fired,
while the firer keeps the muzzle end pointed downrange,
toward the target.
(11) Place the safety pin in the training launcher rear tube.
B-16 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-8. Procedures used to reload

FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNINGS
Wear gloves when handling HA21 21-mm training

rockets.
To prevent electrostatic discharge, a bare HA21 21-

mm training rocket should never be handed from
one person to another.
The HA21 21-mm training rocket should remain in

the aluminum storage tube until just prior to loading
in the training launcher.

21-mm training rocket when removing the training
rocket from the carrying case or when loading into
the BDM subcaliber training launcher. The training
rocket propellant may be damaged, causing a
misfire.
(12) Grasp the training rocket’s storage case, and separate the
two halves. Carefully remove the training rocket from the case.
(13) Inspect the training rocket for—

• Broken igniter or transfer line.
(12) Prepare the launcher for firing.
(14) Load the training launcher.
Note. See the Loading section of this appendix for more

information about loading the training launcher.
(13) Check the backblast area.
(14) Grasp the firing mechanism cover with your right hand, and
rotate the cover all the way forward until the cover is flush with
the outer tube.
Notes. 1. If the firing mechanism cover is not flush with

the launch tube, the munition will not arm.
2. The word ARMED can be seen in red letters

when the cover is opened.
(15) Ensure the rear sight is set to the correct range.
(16) Place the fingertips of your right hand on the safety button
(located on top of the firing mechanism), and press down. Then,
place your right thumb on the red trigger button.
(17) Pull the shoulder stop against the shoulder.
(19) Press the trigger button forward with the thumb of your right
hand, and hold until the subcaliber training launcher fires.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-17

Appendix B
UNLOADING (PREPARED BUT NOT FIRED)

B-17. See Table B-9 for more information about the procedures used to unload an unexpended HA21
training rocket from the BDM subcaliber training launcher. These procedures are used to remove the
training rocket if the subcaliber training launcher was prepared for firing, but no firing actions were
initiated.
Table B-9. Procedures used to reload the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING WARNING
Keep the training launcher pointed downrange Keep your body out of the backblast area when
at all times. inserting the BDM subcaliber training launcher
safety pin.
(1) Close the firing mechanism cover (SAFE position), and wait
for further instructions from the assistant.
(1) Place the safety pin in the training launcher rear tube.
(2) Open the primer block cover to expose the training rocket
primer block.
(3) Carefully grasp the flash tube and pull rearward, removing the
primer block and training rocket from the subcaliber training
launcher.
(4) Return the training rocket to its aluminum case, and return the
training rocket to the ASP at the end of the training day.
(5) Instruct the firer to restore the training launcher to the carrying
configuration.
PERFORMING MISFIRE PROCEDURES

Note. BDM subcaliber training launcher misfires must be treated as if firing a live munition.
Unlike live munitions, misfire procedures are performed by both the firer and the assistant.
B-18. See Table B-10 for more information about the procedures used to address a misfire.
B-18 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-10. Procedures used to address a misfire on

the bunker defeat munition subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING WARNING
If a misfire occurs, wait 90 seconds. Do not Keep your body out of the backblast area when
remove the training launcher from the inserting the BDM subcaliber training launcher
shoulder, and keep the training launcher safety pin.
pointed downrange at all times.
(1) Immediately announce misfire.
(2) Keep the launcher pointed toward the target.
(4) Resqueeze the safety button firmly. Hold and aim. Press the
trigger button.
(5) If the training launcher fails to fire, say “MISFIRE.” Close the
firing mechanism cover (SAFE position).
(7) Open the firing mechanism cover, flush with the tube.
Squeeze and hold the safety button. Aim. Press the trigger
button.
(8) If the training launcher fails to fire again, say “MISFIRE.”

Maintain the firing position for 90 seconds.
(9) After 90 seconds have passed, close the firing mechanism

cover (SAFE position), and wait for further instructions from the
assistant.
(1) Replace the safety pin in the training launcher rear tube.
Note. If the safety pin cannot be replaced in the hole in the

training launcher rear tube, the assistant will notify the range
NCOIC.
(2) Open the primer housing cavity.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-19

Appendix B
Table B-10. Procedures used to address a misfire on

FIRER ASSISTANT
(3) Remove the M21 training rocket from the training launcher by
grasping the flange.
Note. To remove the training rocket from the subcaliber

training launcher, refer to Unloading portion of this section.
(4) Inspect the primer cap for evidence of contact with the firing
pin.
• If the primer cap shows evidence of contact with the
firing pin, reinsert the training rocket into its metallic
case and notify safety personnel.
• If the primer cap shows no evidence of contact with the
firing pin, perform loading operations and firing
procedures.
M287 SUBCALIBER TRAINING LAUNCHER

B-19. The M287 subcaliber training launcher (Figure B-4) is a specially constructed M136 AT4 launcher
fitted with a reusable/reloadable 9-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly. The technical specifications for
this training launcher are listed in Table B-11.
Notes. 1. The M287 subcaliber training launcher is not made from an expended launcher, so
it has its own national stock number (NSN). This subcaliber training launcher is
available through the Army supply system.
2. See TM 9-1055-886-12&P for more information.
Figure B-4. M287 subcaliber training launcher.

Table B-11. Technical data for the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
Length 40 inches (1,020 mm)
Weight 15 pounds (7 kg)
Action Mechanical
Sights M136-series shoulder-launched munition front and rear sights
Operating temperature 0 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit (10 to 27 degrees Celsius)
Muzzle velocity 300 meters per second (984 feet per second)
Caliber 9-mm
B-20 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

IDENTIFICATION
B-20. Unlike the live round and the FHT, the M287 subcaliber training launcher has no color-coded band
between the front and rear sights.
COMPONENTS
B-21. The training launcher consists of a launcher, a 9-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly, a breech
assembly, and a bolt (Figure B-5). The bolt is easily removed to load M939 9-mm TP-T cartridges and to
inspect the barrel for obstructions.
Note. The bolt is the only subcaliber part removed by the operator.
Figure B-5. M287 subcaliber training launcher bolt.
AMMUNITION
B-22. The M287 training launcher is designed to accept a special rifle barrel that fires the M939 9-mm
TP-T cartridge (Figure B-6). The velocity and trajectory of this ammunition match those of the M136
AT4’s HEAT cartridge, but the M287 training launcher produces less noise, has minimal backblast, and
minimal overpressure. The M939 9-mm TP-T cartridge has a lighter powder charge than a standard 9-mm
bullet. The lighter charge enables the cartridge to closely replicate the trajectory of the M136 AT4 tactical
round at ranges out to 700 meters. The M939 TP-T cartridge also has a tracer element to enable the firer to
compare the impact of the cartridge with the sight picture. The firer can see the tracer out to 450 meters.
WARNING
The M939 9-mm TP-T cartridge’s red tip distinguishes it from
standard 9-mm ammunition, which should never be fired from the
M287 subcaliber training launcher.
Note. The M939 9-mm TP-T cartridge may be fired at stationary or moving targets. It can be fired on
MPRCs and at tanks; however, before it can be fired at a tank occupied by personnel, the parts of the
tank that could suffer damage must be shielded. The local TSC can provide specifications for
modifying tanks to be used as targets for the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-21

Appendix B
Figure B-6. M939 9-mm training practice-tracer cartridge.
FUNCTION CHECK
B-23. Before the M287 subcaliber training launcher is fired, a function check must be performed to ensure
the trigger and safety mechanisms are operating properly. Before performing a function check, ensure
z The cocking lever is in the SAFE (“S”) position.
z The transport safety pin is fully inserted, with the lanyard wrapped clockwise around the launcher.
z The bolt is removed from the breech.
B-24. Function check procedures are shown in Table B-12.
Note. If the M287 subcaliber training launcher is damaged, field-level maintenance can replace
its complete firing mechanism.
Table B-12. Function check, M287 subcaliber training launcher.

STEP OPERATOR ACTIONS FUNCTION CHECK CORRECTIVE MEASURES
Try to cock the subcaliber
If it cocks, turn the training
1 training launcher with the It should not cock.
launcher in for repair.
transport safety pin installed.
Remove the transport safety pin, and The forward safety should spring If it does not spring back, turn the
2
depress the forward safety (red). back when released. training launcher in for repair.
Cock the firing mechanism, The firing rod should not
If the training launcher fires, turn
3 pressing only the red trigger protrude through the rear of the
it in for repair.
button. firing tube assembly.
Recock the firing mechanism. The firing mechanism should
Fully depress, and continue to function. The firing rod should If the training launcher fails to
4
hold down the forward safety. protrude through the rear of firing fire, turn it in for repair.
Press the red trigger button. tube assembly.
5 Return the cocking lever to the SAFE position and reinstall the transport safety pin.
WARNINGS
Never fire the M287 subcaliber training launcher at hard targets


B-22 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

LOADING
Note. The M287 subcaliber training launcher comes packaged in the carrying configuration.
B-25. See Table B-13 for more information about the procedures used to load the M287 subcaliber training
launcher.
Table B-13. Procedures used to load the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
(1) Cradle the launcher.
(2) While supporting the launcher with your left hand, pull and
release the transport safety pin with your right hand.
(3) Unsnap, unfold, and hold the shoulder stop with your right
hand.
(4) Grip the base of the sling on the front of the launcher with
your left hand and the shoulder stop with your right hand.
(6) While keeping the munition pointed at the target, pivot your
body 90 degrees to face the target.
Note. You can use the carrying strap to steady the munition.
(8) Reach forward with your right hand, and grasp the front sight
cover. Press down, and slide it rearward.
(9) With your right hand, grasp the rear sight cover. Press down,
and slide it forward.
(10) Pull back on the sling with your left hand to seat the shoulder
stop firmly against your shoulder, and hold.

Note. Place your firing hand by your side while the assistant is
loading and unloading the launcher.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-23

Appendix B
Table B-13. Procedures used to load the M287 subcaliber training launcher (continued).
FIRER ASSISTANT
(1) Inspect the 9-mm TP-T cartridge primer to ensure it is not
dented.
(2) Remove the bolt by turning it counterclockwise, past the

SAFE position (“S”).
(3) Pull the bolt from the breech.
(4) Look through the barrel from the rear to verify that it contains
no obstructions.
(5) Slide the primer end of the 9-mm TP-T cartridge into the
slotted groove of the bolt.
B-24 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

FIRER ASSISTANT
(6) Insert the bolt into the breech.
(7) Press and turn the bolt clockwise to the SAFE position (“S”).
Note. The cocking lever must be in the SAFE position for the
bolt to turn to the FIRE position.
(8) Turn the bolt clockwise to the FIRE position (“F”).
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-25

Appendix B
FIRER ASSISTANT
(13) Unfold the cocking lever with your right hand. Place your
thumb under it and, with the support of your fingers in front of the
firing mechanism, push it forward, rotate it downward and to the
right, and let it slide backward.
(14) Adjust the rear sight to the correct range, using the following
procedures:
Note. When opening the rear sight cover, the range is preset
at the 150-meter battlesight range setting.
• To adjust the rear sight range setting to more than 150

meters, turn the range knob clockwise (toward the
muzzle).
• To decrease the range, turn the range knob
counterclockwise (toward the firer).
Note. There an audible clicking sound at each 50-meter

increment; this sound aids you during limited visibility.
(15) Place the first two fingers of your right hand on the red safety
release catch, and extend the thumb. While keeping the thumb
extended, press the red safety release catch down, and hold.
(16) Ensure the shoulder stop is firmly against the shoulder, and
hold.
Note. The rear sight should be no less than 2 1/2 inches and
no more than 3 inches from your eyes.
(18) Press the red trigger button forward with the thumb of your
right hand and hold until the subcaliber training launcher fires.
B-26 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

RELOADING
Note. The assistant firer performs these actions, while the firer holds the launcher on his
shoulder (muzzle end pointed downrange, toward the target).
B-26. See Table B-14 for more information about the procedures used to reload the M287 subcaliber
training launcher.
Table B-14. Procedures used to reload the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING DANGER
NEVER TOUCH THE TRIGGER WHILE RELOADING.
times.
DANGER
NEVER TOUCH THE TRIGGER WHILE RELOADING.

(2) Place the cocking lever in the SAFE position (“S”), and place
your firing hand by your side.
(1) Reload the subcaliber training launcher by following Steps 1

through 8 for loading (as indicated for the assistant).
(3) Prepare the launcher for firing by following Steps 12 through

18 for loading (as indicated for the firer).
WARNING
Keep the training launcher pointed downrange at all times.
B-27. See Table B-15 for more information about the procedures used to unload the M287 subcaliber
training launcher (Figure B-7). These procedures are used to remove the training rocket if the subcaliber
training launcher was prepared for firing, but no firing actions were initiated.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-27

Appendix B
Figure B-7. Unloading the M287 subcaliber training launcher.

Table B-15. Procedures used to unload the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.
(1) Cradle the launcher or place the launcher on your shoulder

(muzzle end pointed downrange, toward the target).
(2) Place your firing hand by your side while the assistant is
(1) Remove the bolt by turning it counterclockwise, past the

SAFE position (“S”).
(2) Pull the bolt from the breech.
(3) If more rounds are to be fired, remove the expended 9-mm

TP-T cartridge, and reload the bolt by following Steps 1 through 8
for loading.

through 8 for loading (as indicated for the assistant).

PERFORMING MISFIRE PROCEDURES

Note. M287 subcaliber training launcher misfires must be treated as if firing a live munition.
Unlike live munitions, misfire procedures are performed by both the firer and the assistant.
B-28. See Table B-16 for more information about the procedures used to address a misfire.
B-28 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-16. Procedures used to address a misfire on the M287 subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.

Note. The firer performs these actions while holding the

launcher on his shoulder (muzzle end pointed downrange,
toward the target).
(2) If the munition does not fire, announce “MISFIRE”.
(3) Release the red trigger button and the red safety release
catch.
(4) Wait five seconds. Remove your right hand from the firing
mechanism, check the backblast area, and cock the munition
again.
Note. Count the seconds by saying “one thousand and one,

one thousand and two,” and so on.
(5) Press down on the red safety release catch firmly, and hold.
(6) Aim the munition.
(7) Press and hold the red trigger button.
(8) If the munition does not fire, announce “MISFIRE”.
(10)Maintain the firing position for two minutes, and return the
cocking lever to the SAFE (uncocked) position.
(11) Place your firing hand by your side while the assistant is
(1) Ensure the firer placed the cocking lever in the SAFE position
(“S”) and that the forward safety is in the vertical position.
(2) Insert the transport safety pin, and remove and inspect the
9-mm TP-T cartridge.
• If the primer is dented, replace it, and dispose of the
old one in accordance with the range safety SOP.
• If the primer is not dented, notify field-level
maintenance to inspect the bolt firing pin for damage.

through 8 for loading.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-29

Appendix B
M72AS SUBCALIBER TRAINING LAUNCHER

B-29. The M72AS subcaliber training launcher (Figure B-8) is a specially constructed M72A6/A7
shoulder-launched munition launcher fitted with a reusable/reloadable, 21-mm subcaliber barrel insert
assembly. The technical specifications for this training launcher are listed in Table B-17.
Notes. 1. Expended M72A1/A2/A3 and M72A6/A7 shoulder-launched munitions are not to

be converted to training launchers for the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
2. This subcaliber training launcher is available through the Army supply system.
Table B-17. Technical data for M72AS subcaliber training launcher.

Length Closed 31 inches
Extended 39 inches
Weight 8 pounds
Trigger load (minimum) 3 pounds
Sights Rifle-type rear peep and front post
Operating temperature -40 to 140 degrees Fahrenheit (-40 to 60 degrees Celsius)
Muzzle velocity 221 meters per second
Caliber 21-mm
Figure B-8. M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
IDENTIFICATION
B-30. Like the live round and the FHT, the M72AS subcaliber training launcher has a label that identifies it
as a training launcher.
COMPONENTS
B-31. The training launcher consists of a launcher, a 21-mm subcaliber barrel insert assembly, and a primer
block (Figure B-9).
B-30 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure B-9. M72AS 21-mm primer block.
AMMUNITION
B-32. The M72AS training launcher is designed to accept a HA21 21-mm training rocket (Figure B-10).
The velocity and trajectory of this ammunition match those of M136- and M72-series shoulder-launched
munitions, and the M141 BDM. The HA21 21-mm training rocket produces more noise and blast
overpressure than the M939 9-mm cartridge. The HA21 training rocket also has a tracer element that the
firer can see out to 250 meters; this enables the firer to compare the impact of the training rocket with the
sight picture.
Note. The HA21 training rocket may be fired at stationary or moving targets. It can be fired on
MPRCs.
Figure B-10. HA21 21-mm training rocket with storage case.
FUNCTION CHECK
B-33. Before the M72AS subcaliber training launcher is fired, a function check must be performed to
ensure the trigger and safety mechanisms are operating properly. To perform a function check, ensure
z The launcher has no apparent damage. Check carefully for cracks or breaks to the firing
mechanism.
z The primer block cover/housing cavity has no apparent damage.
z The launcher extends and locks in the extended position.
z The front and rear sights lock in the upright position and are not damaged.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-31

Appendix B
CAUTION
Do not dry-fire without an expended rocket primer block. It may
damage the firing mechanism.
WARNINGS
Never fire the M72AS subcaliber training launcher at hard targets


B-34. Soldiers should return damaged/unserviceable M72AS subcaliber training launchers to the issue
point.
Note. If the M72AS subcaliber training launcher is damaged, field-level maintenance can replace
its complete firing mechanism.
LOADING
B-35. See Table B-18 for more information about the procedures used to load the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher.
Table B-18. Procedures used to load the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.
(1) Cradle the launcher, and face the target.
(2) Place the launcher on your shoulder.
WARNING
Do not extend the M72AS training launcher to the

cocked position until after the 21-mm training
rocket is completely installed.
B-32 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-18. Procedures used to load the M72AS subcaliber training launcher (continued).
FIRER ASSISTANT
(1) Grasp the training rocket metallic case, and separate the two
halves.
(2) Carefully remove the training rocket from the metallic case.
WARNINGS
To prevent electrostatic discharge, a bare HA21

21-mm training rocket should never be handed from
one person to another.
The HA21 21-mm training rocket should remain in

the aluminum storage tube until just prior to
loading in the training launcher.

21-mm training rocket when removing the training
rocket from the carrying case or when loading into
the M72AS subcaliber training launcher. The
training rocket propellant may be damaged,
causing a misfire.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-33

Appendix B
FIRER ASSISTANT
(3) Inspect the training rocket for—
• Broken igniter/transfer line.
(4) Swing the primer block cover open to expose the primer housing
cavity on the partially collapsed subcaliber training launcher.
WARNING
Keep your body out of the backblast area when

inserting the HA21 21-mm training rocket primer
block in the housing of the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher.
(5) Holding the training rocket by the nozzle end, line up the
primer block on the training rocket with the subcaliber training
launcher primer housing.
B-34 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

FIRER ASSISTANT
(6) Insert the training rocket into the subcaliber training launcher
barrel, until the flange is fully against the subcaliber training
launcher.
Note. Ensure that the training rocket is fully inserted in the

launch tube before placing the primer in the primer housing.
(7) Close the primer block cover over the training rocket primer block.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-35

Appendix B
ARMING/FIRING
B-36. See Table B-19 for more information about the procedures used to arm and fire the M72AS
subcaliber training launcher.
Table B-19. Procedures used to arm/fire the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
(1) Hold the training launcher slightly away from the body, and
grasp the rear sight cover firmly.
(2) Extend the training launcher by moving the hands firmly in

opposite directions.
Notes. 1. Extending the training launcher too slowly can

result in failure to cock the training launcher.
2. Ensure the training launcher snaps into the

locked position. Check the tube lock by trying
to push the tube together. The training
launcher should not collapse if the training
launcher is in the locked position.
3. If two attempts to lock the training launcher fail,

close and set the training launcher aside for
disposal by authorized ammunition personnel.
(3) Place the training launcher on the firing shoulder.
(5) Arm the training launcher, and wait for further instructions
from the assistant.
(1) Let the firer know it is ready to be fired.
RELOADING
B-37. See Table B-20 for more information about the procedures used to reload the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher.
B-36 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-20. Procedures used to reload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.
(1) With the training launcher on the firing shoulder, return the
trigger arming handle to the SAFE position.
(2) Remove the training launcher from the shoulder.
CAUTION
Do not damage the front and rear sight when closing
the M72AS training launcher.
(3) Collapse the inner tube into the outer tube.
Note. If the trigger safety handle will not return to the SAFE
position after firing the training launcher, partially collapse the
training launcher by depressing the detent boot, and then
depress the trigger bar. An alternate method is to collapse the
training launcher, pull forward on the trigger safety handle, and
release it.
(1) Open the primer block door.
(2) Remove the fired primer block from the primer block housing
cavity.
CAUTION
Use only approved solvent and/or lubricant to clean
the training launcher before and after each time the
launcher is fired.
(3) Inspect the primer block housing cavity for debris and/or
carbon build-up. Clean with a damp rag or cleaning kit, as
necessary.
(4) Reload the launcher, as necessary.
Notes. 1. Keep the training launcher clean between

firings.
2. To reload the HA21 training rocket, refer to the

Loading portion of this section.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-37

Appendix B

B-38. See Table B-21 for more information about the procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher.
Table B-21. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNING

times.
(1) Return the trigger safety handle to the SAFE position, and
wait for further instructions from the assistant.
WARNING
Keep your body out of the backblast area when

inserting the M72AS subcaliber training launcher
safety pin.
primer block.
(2) Carefully grasp the flash tube and pull rearward, removing the
primer block and training rocket from the subcaliber training
launcher.
(3) Return the training rocket to the aluminum case, and return to
the ASP at the end of the training day.
configuration.
MISFIRE PROCEDURES
B-39. See Table B-22 for more information about the procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber
training launcher.
Table B-22. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher.
FIRER ASSISTANT
WARNINGS WARNING
If a misfire occurs, wait 60 seconds. Keep your body out of the backblast area.
Do not remove the training launcher from the

shoulder, and keep the training launcher pointed
(1) If the training launcher fails to fire, release the trigger, press
the trigger bar again, and hold.
(2) If the training launcher fails to fire again, say “MISFIRE”, and
return the trigger arming handle to the SAFE position.
B-38 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table B-22. Procedures used to unload the M72AS subcaliber training launcher (continued).
FIRER ASSISTANT
(3) Remove the launcher from the firing shoulder, keeping the
training launcher pointed downrange.
CAUTION
Do not damage the front and rear sight when closing
the M72AS training launcher.
(4) Press the detent boot, and partially collapse the training
launcher.
Note. If the trigger safety handle will not return to the SAFE
position after firing the training launcher, partially collapse
the training launcher by depressing the detent boot, and then
depress the trigger bar. An alternate method is to collapse
the training launcher, pull forward on the trigger safety
handle, and release it.
(5) Hold the training launcher slightly away from the body, and
grasp the rear sight cover firmly.
(6) Extend the training launcher by moving your hands firmly in

opposite directions.
Notes. 1. Extending the training launcher too slowly can

result in failure to cock the training launcher.
2. Be sure the training launcher snaps into the

locked position. Check the tube lock by trying
to push the tube together. The training
launcher should not collapse if the training
launcher is in the locked position.
3. If two attempts to lock the training launcher fail,

close and set the training launcher aside for
disposal by authorized ammunition personnel.
(7) Place the training launcher on the firing shoulder.
(9) Arm, aim, and fire the training launcher.
(10) If the training launcher fails to fire again, say “MISFIRE”, and
maintain the firing position for 60 seconds.
(11) After 60 seconds have passed, return the trigger safety handle
to the SAFE position, and wait for further instructions from the
assistant.
primer block.
(2) Carefully grasp the flash tube and pull rearward to remove the
primer block and training rocket from the subcaliber training launcher.
configuration.
Note. If the transport pin cannot be reinserted, do not move

the training launcher from the firing line. Notify authorized
personnel for disposal of the training launcher and/or rocket.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-39

Appendix B
MAINTAINING
B-40. Basic issue items are used for cleaning and maintaining shoulder-launched munition subcaliber
training launchers. This is necessary to prevent carbon buildup and cracking, pitting, or damage to the
subcaliber’s rear end (carbon buildup may restrict firing pin movement).
Note. See the appropriate weapon TMs for authorized cleaning equipment and use.
SECTION III. M136 AT4 SIGHT ENGAGEMENT TRAINER

B-41. The M136 AT4 sight engagement trainer is used to train Soldiers to obtain a proper sight picture with
the M136 AT4.
Notes. 1. The local TSC can provide GTA 07-02-005.
2. M136-series launchers and the M141 BDM have the same type front and rear
sight. The M136 AT4 sight engagement trainer (GTA 07-02-005) can be used to
train Soldiers on proper sight alignment for both launchers.
COMPONENTS
B-42. The M136 AT4 sight engagement trainer (GTA 07-02-005) consists of two parts:
z A target silhouette sheet.
z A front sight template.
B-43. The target silhouette sheet is a 8 1/2- by 12-inch piece of hard white plastic, and the front sight
template is a 5 3/4- by 8 1/4 piece of transparent plastic (Figure B-11).
Note. The image depicted in Figure B-11 is a representation and not a true image.
USE
B-44. To use the sight engagement trainer—
z To obtain the correct sight picture for the target speed and range, place the front sight template
on the target silhouette sheet as shown in Figure B-12.
z For each of the six targets, the reference number sheet shows the number that should appear in
the circle on the front sight template.
Note. The reference number sheet is also used to determine the correct answer for any unit-
developed test for determining the correct sight picture with the M136 AT4.
B-40 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure B-11. Using GTA 7-02-005 with target silhouette sheet and front sight template.
Figure B-12. Using GTA 7-02-005 with target silhouette sheet and front sight template.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-41

Appendix B
SECTION IV. ENGAGEMENT SKILLS TRAINER 2000

B-45. Unlike the FHT, the EST 2000 gives the Soldier the effects, conditions, and downrange feedback
necessary for honing shoulder-launched marksmanship skills. EST 2000 replicates a shoulder-launched
rocket’s trajectory and provides an AAR of the firer’s hit and miss in proximity of the target. With proper
training and oversight by the instructor/trainer, a Soldier with poor marksmanship skills can improve with
the help of the EST 2000.
SECTION V. MULTIPLE INTEGRATED LASER ENGAGEMENT SYSTEM

B-46. MILES simulators emulate the weight and operation of the weapon being simulated. Two shoulder-
launched munitions are replicated in MILES: the M136 AT4 (Figure B-13) and the rocket-propelled
grenade (RPG) launcher (Figure B-14). The M136 AT4 MILES simulator is used by the blue force
(BLUFOR) and is the main shoulder-launched munition used for MILES force-on-force training; the RPG
is the main shoulder-launched munition used by the opposing force (OPFOR).
Note. For more information on the use and maintenance of the M136 AT4 and RPG launcher
MILES simulators, see your post MILES facility or TSC.
WARNINGS
Do not look directly at the laser beam or the laser emitter through
optics such as binoculars, telescopes, or periscopes at ranges of
less than 75 meters (246 feet).
Do not look directly at the laser emitter at close range (less than
10 meters [32.8 feet]). Increasing the distance between the eye
and the laser will reduce the risk of injury.
CAUTION
Do not connect or disconnect any cable while power is applied.
M136 AT4 SIMULATOR

B-47. Soldiers use the M136 AT4 MILES simulator (Figure B-13) to train tactics and operational
familiarity. As such, it contains similar sights, triggers, safeties, and shouldering and holding elements.
Note. Currently, there are no MILES simulators to replicate the M141 BDM or M72-series
shoulder-launched munitions. The M136 AT4 MILES simulator can be used to simulate these
shoulder-launched munitions during force-on-force training exercises.
Figure B-13. M136 AT4 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator.
B-42 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

ROCKET-PROPELLED GRENADE LAUNCHER SIMULATOR

B-48. Soldiers use the RPG MILES simulator (Figure B-14) to train tactics and operational familiarity, and
provide more realistic OPFOR training. As such, it contains similar sights, triggers, safeties, and
shouldering and holding elements.
Figure B-14. Rocket-propelled grenade launcher

Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator.
PYROTECHNIC CUEING
B-49. In addition to looking like the actual munition and having the same triggering and safety elements,
shoulder-launched munitions MILES simulators can provide a firing cue similar to the actual munition by
inserting a standard MILES M22 cartridge (Figure B-15) prior to each firing. The system can be set to
require the operator to insert an unexploded pyrotechnic in the MILES simulator or the simulated shoulder-
launched munition will not fire.
WARNING
Pyrotechnic cueing devices can be dangerous; Soldiers should
use them with caution. When using a M22 antitank weapon effects
signature simulation (ATWESS) cartridge—
Treat a pyrotechnic-loaded shoulder-launched munitions MILES

simulator as you would any loaded and armed munition.
DO NOT drop the simulator when a pyrotechnic is loaded and

armed. A strong jolt may set off the ATWESS cartridge.
NEVER stand behind the simulator when arming or loading an

ATWESS cartridge. DO NOT load a simulator unless you are
preparing to fire.
Always assume that the simulator is armed and take appropriate

safety measures.
The shoulder-launched munitions MILES simulator should not be

armed until just prior to acquisition of the target.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-43

Appendix B
Figure B-15. M22 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System cartridge.
SURFACE DANGER ZONES

B-50. Pyrotechnic use with shoulder-launched munitions MILES simulators requires that SDZs be enforced
to ensure a reasonable amount of safety (Figure B-16).
Figure B-16. M22 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System cartridge

surface danger zones.
B-44 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

SAFETIES
B-51. To reduce operational risk, the M136 AT4 (Figure B-17) and the RPG launcher (Figure B-18)
MILES simulators have two safety features:
z A pull-to-arm shaft.
z An ATWESS door.
Pull-to-Arm Shaft
B-52. The pyrotechnic will not fire unless the pull-to-arm shaft (1) is pulled up.
Antitank Weapon Effects Signature Simulation Door

B-53. When the ATWESS door (2) is opened, the ATWESS safety is automatically engaged.
Figure B-17. M136 AT4 Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator safeties.
Figure B-18. Rocket-propelled grenade launcher

Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System simulator safeties.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 B-45

Appendix C
NIGHT VISION DEVICES
Because shoulder-launched munitions are discarded after firing, the munition has no
dedicated sight systems other than those permanently attached to the launcher. When
conducting engagements in limited visibility conditions, Soldiers should use the
various NVDs available. This appendix covers attaching and aligning NVDs to
shoulder-launched munitions.
Notes. 1. This appendix does not cover NVD operation. For more information about NVD
operation, refer to the appropriate TMs.
2. If the NVD has been aligned correctly, there is generally no need to confirm using
live ammunition.
3. Shoulder-launched munitions cannot be conventionally boresighted; therefore, the

aided vision device must be aligned to the shoulder-launched munition.
4. Chapter 1 provides a list of NVDs that can be used with shoulder-launched

munitions during limited visibility conditions.
MOUNTING NIGHT VISION DEVICES

C-1. The M141 BDM (Figure C-1) and the M136A1 AT4CS (Figure C-2) come equipped with a
MIL-STD-1913 rail mount. The M141 BDM has only a side rail mount, but the M136A1 AT4CS has side
and front rail mounts. This enables the M136A1 AT4CS to have a NVS and a laser aiming light mounted
simultaneously; whereas, only one can be used on the M141 BDM at any given time.
C-2. M136 AT4s (Figure C-3) and M72-series shoulder-launched munitions (Figure C-4) require an
attachable mounting bracket for NVD use. This mount accepts only one NVD at a time.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-1

Appendix C
Figure C-1. M141 bunker defeat munition MIL-STD-1913 rail mount.
Figure C-2. M136 AT4 MIL-STD-1913 rail mounts.
C-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Night Vision Devices
Figure C-3. M136 AT4 night vision device mounting bracket assembly.
Figure C-4. M72-series night vision device mounting bracket assembly.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-3

Appendix C
ALIGNMENT PROCEDURES
Notes. 1. During NVD alignment procedures, an assistant qualified on shoulder-launched
munitions should aid the firer by following his directions and providing assistance
as he mounts the NVD and makes adjustments.
2. The AN/PAS-13E LWTS (Figures C-5 and C-6) and the AN/PEQ-15 advanced
target pointer/illuminator/aiming light (Figure C-7) are used to show shoulder-
launched munition and NVD alignment procedures.
WARNING
When aligning any sight to a tactical shoulder-launched munition,
be extremely careful to prevent accidental firing of the munition.
Never cock the round or open the M141 BDM firing mechanism
cover during this procedure.
C-3. Alignment procedures for NVSs and laser aiming lights/illuminators can be performed during the
day; however, you will need NVGs when aligning the laser aiming light. To successfully align shoulder-
launched munitions to NVDs, the firer must—
z Select a firing platform that will support and stabilize the launcher during the alignment
procedures.
z Have a clear field of view of a fixed, natural or manmade object at a known distance from the
launcher. The minimum desired distance is 200 meters.
Figure C-5. AN/PAS-13E light weapon thermal sight.
C-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure C-6. AN/PAS-13E light weapon thermal sight reticle.
Figure C-7. AN/PEQ-15 advanced target pointer/illuminator/aiming light.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-5

Appendix C
WARNING
Never open the M141 BDM firing mechanism cover during this
procedure.
Night Vision Sight

C-4. To align a NVS to the M141 BDM—
(1) Remove the protective cover from the launcher’s side mounting rail.
(2) Place the launcher on a stable platform.
(3) While holding the launcher with your right hand, place the NVS on the mounting rail, and adjust
for eye relief (Figure C-8).
Figure C-8. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M141 bunker defeat munition.
(4) Once eye relief has been determined, direct your assistant to secure the sight to the launcher rail.
Note. Tighten the sight limiter knob until you hear two audible clicks.
(5) Turn the sight ON.
Note. See the appropriate TM for more information about system operation.
(6) Adjust the launcher’s position until the launcher’s fixed sights are properly aimed at the selected
object.
(7) Adjust the alternate sight reticle until the aimpoint coincides with the launcher’s fixed sight
picture on the selected object.
C-6 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Notes. 1. Be careful not to move the launcher during the alignment process. Verify that the
launcher’s fixed sights are still properly aligned with the selected object.
2. The AN/PVS-4 reticle will not be level when aligned to the M141 BDM. Carefully
note the reticle angle—you will have to hold the launcher at the same angle when
firing at night so that your firing will be accurate.
Laser Aiming Light/Illuminator
DANGER
DO NOT SHINE LASERS INTO YOUR EYES OR THE EYES OF
OTHERS. THIS CAN CAUSE PERMANENT EYE INJURY.
Notes. 1. Laser aiming lights/illuminators project an IR laser beam that cannot be seen with
the eye, but can be seen with NVSs/NVGs.
2. Conduct/verify sight alignment of laser aiming lights/illuminators after sundown.

The laser beam is much easier to see during late evening hours.
C-5. To align the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M141 BDM—

(1) Place the laser aiming light/illuminator in the slot of the side mounting rail or engage the rail
grabber.
(2) Adjust the laser aiming light/illuminator until one of the mounting screws engages the threaded
hole, or place the rail grabber mount over the M141 BDM’s alternate sight rail (Figure C-9).
Figure C-9. Secure the laser aiming light/illuminator mounting screw or rail grabber.
(3) Turn the aiming light ON.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-7

Appendix C
object.
(5) Adjust the laser aiming light/illuminator until the laser aimpoint coincides with the launcher’s
fixed sight picture on the selected object.
Note. Be careful not to move the launcher during the alignment process. Verify that the
M136 AT4
WARNING
Never cock the round during this procedure.
Night Vision Sight

C-6. To align a NVS to the M136 AT4—
(1) Attach the NVD mounting bracket to the launcher (Figure C-10).
z Cradle the M136 AT4 in your left arm.
z Position the support bracket with the mounting rail on the left side and the marking FRONT
over the rear sight cover.
z With the pivot bracket spread open, place the support bracket against the base of the rear
sight housing and the bottom on the shoulder strap boss.
z Swing the pivot bracket around the M136 AT4, and secure it by rotating the locking latch
clockwise to engage the latch shaft.
z Place the bracket adapter in the groove of the mounting rail so that the threaded screw hole
in the base of the adapter is aligned with the lever screw assembly. Tighten the lever screw.
(2) Place the launcher on the shoulder.
(3) While holding the launcher with your right hand, place the NVS on the mounting rail, and adjust
(5) Take the launcher off the shoulder.

object.
Note. Be careful not to move the launcher during the sight alignment process. Verify that the
C-8 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Figure C-10. M136 AT4 with night vision device mounting bracket attached.
Figure C-11. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M136 AT4.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-9

Appendix C
DANGER

C-7. To align the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136 AT4—

(1) Place the laser aiming light/illuminator in slot of the launcher front mounting rail or engage the
rail grabber.
Note. The lever screw assembly must be located in the rear threaded screw hole when mounting
the laser aiming light/illuminator. Lever screw assembly may require relocation from the front to
the rear threaded screw hole.
hole, or place the rail grabber mount over the alternate sight rail (Figure C-12).
Figure C-12. Securing the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136 AT4.
C-10 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

object.
fixed sight picture on the selected object, or use an assistant to align the laser aiming
light/illuminator to the target.
M136A1 AT4 CONFINED SPACE
WARNING
Night Vision Sight

C-8. To align a NVS to the M136A1 AT4CS—
(1) Lift and lock the folding side rail mount.
Note. See TM 9-1315-255-13 for more information about operating the side mounting bracket.

(3) While holding the launcher with your right hand, place the NVS on the mounting rail and adjust

object.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-11

Appendix C
Figure C-13. Finding night vision sight eye relief on the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
DANGER
the eye, but can be seen with passive NVSs/NVGs.

C-9. To align the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136A1 AT4CS—

(1) Place the laser aiming light/illuminator in the slot of the launcher front mounting rail or engage
the rail grabber (Figure C-14).
hole, or place the rail grabber mount over the mounting rail. Securely hand-tighten the mounting
screw or rail grabber.
C-12 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

object. Use an assistant to align the laser aiming light/illuminator to the target.
Figure C-14. Securing the laser aiming light/illuminator to the M136A1 AT4 confined space.
WARNING
Night Vision Sight

C-10. To align a NVS to M72-series launchers—
(1) Attach the NVS mounting bracket to the launcher (Figure C-15).
z Place the bracket assembly on top of the launcher so that the square cutout in the top of the
bracket fits over the extension release button.
z Swing the lower adapter section up and under the rocket launcher, and secure it by turning
the locking latch clockwise to fully engage the latch shoulder screw.
z Place the sight in the groove on the side bracket, and align the threaded screw hole in the
base of the sight with the lever screw assembly.
z Tighten the lever screw assembly firmly.

(2) Extend the launcher.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-13

Appendix C
Figure C-15. M72-series attachable night vision device mounting bracket.

(4) While holding the launcher with your right hand, place the NVS on the mounting rail and adjust
for eye relief.
(5) Once eye relief has been determined, direct your assistant to secure the sight to the mounting
bracket. Tighten the sight limiter knob until you hear two audible clicks.
object.
Note. Be careful not to move the launcher during the sight alignment process. Verify that the
C-14 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

DANGER

C-11. To align the laser aiming light/illuminator to M72-series launchers —

(1) Place the laser aiming light/illuminator on the side mounting rail or front rail on the M72A6/A7.
hole, or place the rail grabber mount over the alternate sight rail.
(3) Securely hand-tighten the mounting screw or rail grabber.
(4) Turn the aiming light ON.
object.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 C-15

GLOSSARY
A
AR Army regulation
ARNG Army National Guard
ARNGUS Army National Guard of the United States
ASP ammunition supply point
AT4CS AT4 confined space
ATWESS antitank weapon effects signature simulation
B
BDM bunker defeat munition
C
C Celsius
CAE combat arms earplug
CALFEX combined arms live-fire exercise
CBRN chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear
cm centimeter
CRM composite risk management
D
DA Department of the Army
DA PAM Department of the Army pamphlet
DAP decontaminating apparatus, portable
DS2 decontamination solution 2
E
EFP explosively formed penetrator
EOD explosive ordnance disposal
EST 2000 Engagement Skills Trainer 2000
ETLBV enhanced tactical load-bearing vest
F
F Fahrenheit
FET field-expedient trainer
FHT field handling trainer
FM field manual
FTX field training exercise
G
GS TM general subject technical manual
GTA graphic training aid
H
HE high-explosive
HEAT high-explosive antitank
HEDP high-explosive, dual purpose
HWTS heavy weapon thermal sight
I
IEDK individual equipment decontamination kit
IET initial entry training
IR infrared
K
km kilometer
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 GLOSSARY-1

Glossary
L
LCE load-carrying equipment
LFX live-fire exercise
LWTS light weapon thermal sight
M
MCoE Maneuver Center of Excellence
METL mission-essential task list
METT-TC mission, enemy, terrain, troops, time available, and civil
considerations
MILES Multiple Integrated Laser Engagement System
mm millimeter
MOPP mission-oriented protective posture
MPRC multipurpose range complex
N
NCO noncommissioned officer
NCOIC noncommissioned officer in charge
NSN national stock number
NVD night vision device
NVGs night vision goggles
NVS night vision sight
O
OIC officer in charge
OPFOR opposing force
P
PDDE power-driven decontamination equipment
POV privately-owned vehicle
R
RPG rocket-propelled grenade
RSO range safety officer
S
SDK skin decontaminating kit
SDZ surface danger zone
SMCT Soldier’s manual of common tasks
SOP standing operating procedure
STB supertropical bleach
STP Soldier training publication
STX situational training exercise
T
TADSS training aids, devices, simulators, and simulations
TC training circular
TM technical manual
TP-T training practice-tracer
TRADOC Training and Doctrine Command
TSC training support center
TWS thermal weapon sight
U
USAR United States Army Reserve
GLOSSARY-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

REFERENCES
SOURCES USED
These are the sources quoted or paraphrased in this manual:
AR 350-1, Army Training and Leader Development, 18 December 2009.
DA PAM 350-38, Standards in Training, 13 May 2009.
DA PAM 385-63, Range Safety, 4 August 2009.
FM 3-11.5, Multiservice Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and
Nuclear Decontamination. 04 April 2006.
FM 3-22.9, Rifle Marksmanship M16-/M4-Series Weapons. 12 August 2008.
FM 3-25.26, Map Reading and Land Navigation. 18 January 2005.
FM 3-34.214, Explosives and Demolitions. 11 July 2007.
FM 5-19, Composite Risk Management. 21 August 2006.
FM 7-0, Training for Full Spectrum Operations. 12 December 2008.
STP 21-1-SMCT, Soldier’s Manual of Common Tasks, Skill level 1, 18 June 2009.
STP 21-24-SMCT, Soldier’s Manual of Common Tasks (SMCT) Warrior Leader, Skill Level 2, 3, and 4,
9 September 2008.
TB 9-1340-230-13, Operator's and Field Information for Rocket, High Explosive, 66 Millimeter: Light
Anti-Armor Weapon (LAW), HEAT, M72A7. 31 December 2007.
TC 25-8, Training Ranges. 20 May 2010.
TM 9-1055-886-12&P, Operator and Unit Maintenance Manual (Including Repair Parts and Special Tools
List) for M287 9-mm Tracer Bullet Training Device (NSN 1055-01-207-2684). 25 October 1989.
TM 9-1315-255-13, Operator and Field Maintenance Manual for Launcher and Cartridge, 84 Millimeter:
AT4 Confined Space and Reduced Sensitivity (AT4CS-RS), M136A1 (NSN: 1315-01-508-8521).
19 June 2009.
TM 9-1315-886-12, Operator's and Unit Maintenance Manual for Launcher and Cartridge, 84 Millimeter:
M136 (AT4). 15 May 1990.
TM 9-1340-214-10, Operator's Manual for 66mm Light Antitank Weapon (LAW) System M72A1, and
M72A2 with Coupler, M72A3 and Practice Rocket Launcher M190 with M73 Practice Rocket.
31 May 1991.
TM 9-1340-228-10, Operator's Manual For Rocket And Launcher 83 Millimeter: HEDP (SMAW-D),
M141 (NSN 1340-01-443-5477). 01 September 2005.
TM 11-5855-312-10, Operator's Manual: Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13B(V)2 (NSN 5855-01-464-3152);
AN/PAS-13B(V)3 (5855-01-464-3151). 15 February 2005.
TM 11-5855-316-10, Operator's Manual: AN/PAS-13C(V)1 Sight, Thermal (NSN 5855-01-523-7707);
AN/PAS-13C(V)2 Sight, Thermal (NSN 5855-01-523-7713); AN/PAS-13C(V)3 Sight, Thermal (NSN
5855-01-523-7715). 01 September 2010.
TM 11-5855-317-10, Operator's Manual for Sight, Thermal AN/PAS-13D(V)2 (NSN 5855-01-524-4313)
(EIC: JH5); AN/PAS-13D(V)3 (NSN 5855-01-524-4314). 15 May 2009.
DOCUMENTS NEEDED
These documents must be available to the intended users of this publication.
DA Form 7676, Day and Night Fire—M141 BDM (BDM Subcaliber Training Launcher).
DA Form 7677, Day and Night Fire—M136 AT4 (M287 Subcaliber Training Launcher).
DA Form 7678, Day and Night Fire—M72 (M72AS 21-mm Subcaliber Training Launcher).
DA Form 2028, Recommended Changes to Publications and Blank Forms.
GTA 7-02-005, Sight Engagement Trainer, M136 AT4 (Parts 1 and 2), 02 January 1990.
READINGS RECOMMENDED
These readings contain relevant supplemental information.
AR 190-11, Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives, 15 November 2006.
AR 385-63, Range Safety, 19 May 2003.
FM 3-06.11, Combined Arms Operations in Urban Terrain, 28 February 2002.
FM 3-21.71, Mechanized Infantry Platoon and Squad (Bradley), 20 August 2002.
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 REFERENCES-1

References
FM 3-21.8, The Infantry Platoon and Squad, 28 March 2007.

FM 20-3, Camouflage, Concealment, and Decoys, 30 August 1999.
FM 90-5, Jungle Operations, 16 August 1982.
MIL-STD-1913, Military Standard: Dimensioning of Accessory Mounting Rail for Small Arms Weapons,
3 February 1995.
Unit SOPs
INTERNET WEBSITES
Reimer Digital Library, https://atiam.train.army.mil/
Army Publishing Directorate, http://www.apd.army.mil/
REFERENCES-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Index
practice night fire. See
A D
practice night fire
advanced training, 2-5, 2-35 decontamination procedures,
qualification day fire. See breath control, 4-17
3-47
qualification day fire buildings, engagement of, 5-4 vulnerable/sensitive
qualification night fire. See bunker defeat munition equipment, 3-47
qualification night fire subcaliber training launcher, description, 1-1, 1-2
aiming, 4-14 B-3
ammunition, B-4 designated marksmen training,
eye relief, 4-14 2-3
sight picture, 4-14 arming, B-13
cocking, B-6 destruction procedures, 3-45
ammunition, authorized, 2-24 components, B-4 degree of damage, 3-46
arming procedures, 3-13 firing, B-13 methods of destruction, 3-
improved M72 shoulder- function check, B-5 45
launched munition, 3-30 identification, B-4 downrange danger area, 2-18
M136 AT4 shoulder- loading, B-9 M136 AT4, 2-18
launched munition, 3-19 misfire, B-18 M136A1 AT4 confined
M136A1 AT4 confined prepare the launcher for space, 2-19
space shoulder-launched firing, B-8 M141 bunker defeat
munition, 3-24 reloading, B-13 munition, 2-18
M141 bunker defeat unloading, B-18 M72A4/A5/A6/A7, 2-19
munition, 3-13
C duds, 2-22
M72A2/A3 shoulder-
launched munition, 3-34 capabilities, 1-1, 1-2 E
artificial illumination, 5-6 carrying configuration, 3-42 employment, 5-1
attachable sights, 1-16 M136-series shoulder- buildings, engagement of,
AN/PAQ-4B/C infrared launched munitions, 3-43 5-4
aiming light, 1-18 M141 bunker defeat chemical, biological,
AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V1) light munition, 3-43 radiological, and nuclear
weapon thermal sight, 1- M72-series shoulder- conditions, engagement
17 launched munitions, 3-44 in, 5-6
AN/PAS-13B/C/D (V3) chemical, biological, enclosure, engagement
heavy weapon thermal radiological, and nuclear from an, 5-7
sight, 1-17 conditions, engagement in, field fortifications,
AN/PEQ-15 advanced 5-6 engagement of, 5-4
target collective training, 2-6, 2-37 limited visibility,
pointer/illuminator/aiming collective tasks, 2-37 engagements conducted
light, 1-18 engagement skills trainer during, 5-5
AN/PEQ-2A/B target 2000, 2-38 maximum range,
pointer/illuminator/aiming force-on-force training, 2-39 engagement beyond, 5-8
light, 1-18 hands-on training tasks, 2- methods of engagement.
AN/PVS-4 night vision sight, 38 See engagement, methods
1-16 individual shoulder- of
launched munitions vehicles, engagement of, 5-
B 2
tasks, 2-38
backblast danger area, 2-11, 2- individual tasks supported enclosure, engagement from
24 with shoulder-launched an, 5-7
M136 AT4, 2-12 munitions, 2-38
M136A1 AT4 confined engagement ranges, target. See
space, 2-12 components, 1-1 target engagement ranges
M141 bunker defeat launcher. See launcher engagement skills trainer 2000,
munition, 2-11 observation devices. See 2-38, B-42
M72A2/A3, 2-17 observation devices
engagement, methods of, 5-1
M72A4/A5/A6/A7, 2-17 rocket. See rocket
pair firing, 5-2
basic training, 2-5, 2-30 conditions, environmental, 3-45 sequence firing, 5-1
practice day fire. See practice current munitions, 1-2 single firing, 5-1
day fire environmental conditions, 3-45
15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 Index-1

Index
environmental risk duties, 2-9 M141 bunker defeat

assessment, 2-23 selection, 2-8 munition, 3-37
assess hazards, 2-24 trainer certification program, M72-series shoulder-
identify hazards, 2-23 2-9 launched munitions, 3-40
equipment, 2-25 training the trainer, 2-9 mission completion, 2-39
estimation integrated act of firing, 4-18 mission-essential tasks, 2-6
range, 4-12 introduction, 1-1 multiple integrated laser
speed, 4-13 engagement system, B-42
K
eye relief, 4-14 M136 AT4 simulator, B-42
kneeling position, 4-5 pyrotechnic cueing, B-43
F basic, 4-5 rocket-propelled grenade
field expedient trainer, B-1 modified, 4-7 launcher simulator, B-43
field fortifications, engagement L N
of, 5-4 launcher, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1- night vision devices, 5-6, C-1
field handling trainer, B-2 6, 1-7 alignment, C-4
firing limitations, 2-21 limited visibility, engagements mounting, C-1
firing line, 2-24 conducted during, 5-5
O
firing positions, 4-1 M observation devices, 1-11
kneeling position. See
M136 AT4 sight engagement attachable sights. See
kneeling position trainer, B-40 attachable sights
prone position. See prone components, B-40 fixed launcher sights. See
position use, B-40 fixed launcher sights
sitting position. See sitting
M287 subcaliber training operating temperatures, 2-20
position
launcher, B-20
standing position. See ammunition, B-21 P
standing position components, B-21 packaging and inspection, 3-1
fixed launcher sights, 1-11 function check, B-22 improved M72 shoulder-
improved M72 shoulder- identification, B-21 launched munition, 3-7
launched munitions, 1-15 loading, B-23 M136 AT4 shoulder-
M136-series shoulder- misfire, B-28 launched munition, 3-2
launched munitions, 1-11 reloading, B-27 M136A1 AT4 confined
M141 bunker defeat unloading (prepared but not space shoulder-launched
munitions, 1-11 fired), B-27 munition, 3-5
M72A2/A3 shoulder- M72AS subcaliber training M141 bunker defeat
launched munitions, 1-13 launcher, B-30 munition, 3-1
force-on-force training, 2-39 ammunition, B-31 M72A2/A3 shoulder-
fortifications, engagement of, arming, B-36 launched munition, 3-10
5-4 components, B-30 personnel, 2-26
firing, B-36 ammunition personnel, 2-27
H function check, B-31 guards, 2-28
hazards, 2-11 identification, B-30 medical personnel, 2-28
duds. See duds loading, B-32 noncommissioned officer in
firing limitations. See firing misfire, B-38 charge, 2-27
limitations reloading, B-36 officer in charge, 2-27
unloading (prepared but not range safety officer, 2-27
operating temperatures. See
fired), B-38 safety noncommissioned
operating temperatures
surface danger zones. See marksmanship fundamentals, officers, 2-27
surface danger zones 4-1 tower operator, 2-28
target engagement ranges. firing positions. See firing truck driver, 2-28
See target engagement positions practice day fire, 2-30
ranges target engagement bunker defeat munition
procedures. See target subcaliber training
hold, steady, 4-11 engagement procedures launcher, 2-33
I maximum range, engagement M136 AT4, 2-33
beyond, 5-8 M141 bunker defeat
illumination, artificial, 5-6
munition, 2-33
initial training, 2-1 misfire procedures, 3-37 M287 subcaliber training
M136-series shoulder- launcher, 2-33
instructors/trainers, 2-8
launched munitions, 3-39
Index-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Index
M72, A-2 risk assessment, 2-10 integrated act of firing, 4-18

practice night fire, 2-33 assess hazards to range estimation, 4-12
bunker defeat munition determine risk, 2-22 speed estimation, 4-13
subcaliber training develop control measures steady hold, 4-11
launcher, 2-34 and make risk decisions, trigger manipulation, 4-17
M136 AT4, 2-34 2-23 target engagement ranges, 2-
M141 bunker defeat environmental. See 20
munition, 2-34 environmental risk
tasks, 2-37
M287 subcaliber training assessment collective, 2-37
launcher, 2-34 identify hazards. See hazards engagement skills trainer
M72, A-3 implement control 2000, 2-38
preliminary training, 2-5, 2-29 measures, 2-23 force-on-force training, 2-39
supervise and evaluate, 2- hands-on training, 2-38
process of firing, 3-1 23 individual, 2-38
prone position, 4-10 rocket, 1-8, 1-9 temperatures, operating. See
Q effects, 1-10 operating temperatures
qualification day fire, 2-35 S trainers/instructors. See
bunker defeat munition sight picture, 4-14 instructors/trainers
subcaliber training
launcher, 2-35 sights, attachable. See training, 2-1
M136 AT4, 2-36 attachable sights conduct. See training conduct
M141 bunker defeat strategy. See training strategy
sitting position, 4-7
munition, 2-35 basic, 4-8 training preparation. See
M287 subcaliber training modified, 4-9 training preparation
launcher, 2-36 unit marksmanship training
speed estimation, 4-13
program. See unit
qualification night fire, 2-36 standing position, 4-2
bunker defeat munition marksmanship training
basic, 4-2 program
subcaliber training modified, 4-4
launcher, 2-36 training aids, devices,
M136 AT4, 2-37 steady hold, 4-11 simulators, and simulations,
M141 bunker defeat subcaliber training launchers, 2-24, B-1
munition, 2-36 B-3 engagement skills trainer
M287 subcaliber training bunker defeat munition 2000. See engagement
launcher, 2-37 subcaliber training skills trainer 2000
qualification requirements, 2-4 launcher. See bunker M136 AT4 sight
defeat munition subcaliber engagement trainer. See
R training launcher M136 AT4 sight
range coordinations, 2-24 M287 subcaliber training engagement trainer
equipment, 2-25 launcher. See M287 multiple integrated laser
personnel. See personnel subcaliber training launcher engagement system. See
ranges. See ranges M72AS subcaliber training multiple integrated laser
target array. See target array launcher. See M72AS engagement system
training aids, devices, subcaliber training launcher subcaliber training
simulators, and maintaining, B-40 launchers. See subcaliber
simulations. See training surface danger zones, 2-11 training launchers
aids, devices, simulators, backblast danger area. See training launchers. See
and simulations backblast danger area training launchers
range estimation, 4-12 downrange danger area. training areas, 2-24
ranges, 2-24 See downrange danger area
training assessment, 2-6
authorized ammunition. See sustainment training, 2-2 commander's evaluation
ammunition, authorized guide, 2-7
T
backblast area. See backblast direct observation of
danger area target array, 2-25 training, 2-6
firing line. See firing line moving targets, 2-25 review of past training, 2-7
training areas. See training stationary targets, 2-25 spot checks, 2-6
areas target engagement procedures, training conduct, 2-28
4-11 complete individual training
ranges, target engagement. See
target engagement ranges
aiming, 4-14 mission. See mission
breath control, 4-17 completion
15 September 2010 FM 3-23.25 Index-3

Index
conduct the training. See

training execution
occupy, inspect, and set up
range, 2-28
prepare for training, 2-28
training execution, 2-29
advanced training. See
advanced training
basic training. See basic
training
collective training. See
collective training
preliminary training. See
preliminary training
training launchers, B-1
field expedient trainer, B-1
field handling trainer, B-2
training phases, 2-5
basic, 2-5
collective, 2-6
preliminary, 2-5
training preparation, 2-10
make range coordinations.
See range coordinations
risk assessment. See risk
assessment
training strategy, 2-1
designated marksmen
training, 2-3
initial training, 2-1
objectives, 2-1
overview, 2-1
qualification requirements,
2-4
sustainment training, 2-2
training phases. See training
phases
trigger manipulation, 4-17
U
unit marksmanship training
program, 2-6
instructors/trainers. See
instructors/trainers
mission-essential tasks. See
mission-essential tasks
training assessment. See
training assessment
uses, 1-1
V
vehicles, engagement of, 5-2
Index-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

TM 3-23.25 (FM 3-23.25)
15 September 2010
By Order of the Secretary of the Army:
GEORGE W. CASEY, JR.

General, United States Army
Chief of Staff
Official:
JOYCE E. MORROW
Administrative Assistant to the
Secretary of the Army
1023001
DISTRIBUTION:
Active Army, Army National Guard, and U.S. Army Reserve: To be distributed in
accordance with the initial distribution number (IDN) 114321 requirements for
TM 3-23.25.
PIN: 100266-00

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TM 3-23.25(FM 3-23.

Headquarters, Department of the Army

Remove old pages: Insert new pages:

2. A bar (|) marks new or changed material.

3. File this transmittal sheet in front of the publication.

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Technical Manual Headquarters

DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.

*This publication supersedes FM 3-23.25, 31 January 2006.

M136 AT4 Shoulder-Launched Munition .......................................................... 3-19

ii TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 iii

iv TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 v

vi TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 vii

viii TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 ix

x TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

The unit issues these launchers as rounds of ammunition to individual Soldiers.

DESCRIPTION AND CAPABILITIES

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-1

Figure 1-1. Current shoulder-launched munitions.

1-2 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table 1-2. Launcher specifications.

15 September 2010 TM 3-23.25 1-3

Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued).

1-4 TM 3-23.25 15 September 2010

Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued).

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Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued).

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Table 1-2. Launcher specifications (continued).

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Table 1-3. Rocket specifications.

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Table 1-3. Rocket specifications (continued).

The round of ammunition is issued with the improved M72.

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Fixed Launcher Sights

M136-Series Shoulder-Launched Munitions and M141 Bunker Defeat Munitions

Figure 1-2. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and

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Figure 1-3. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and

Figure 1-4. M136-series shoulder-launched munitions and

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M72A2/A3 Shoulder-Launched Munitions

Figure 1-5. M72A2/A3 front and rear blade sights.

Figure 1-6. M72A2/A3 front sight.

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Figure 1-7. M72A2/A3 rear sight.

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