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    Electrostatic Attraction Guided Inquiry

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    arg0naut
    The positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of an electron create an electrostatic force of attraction between the atom’s nucleus and its electrons.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Electrostatic Attraction Guided Inquiry

    Uploaded by

    arg0naut
    283 views2 pages
    The positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of an electron create an electrostatic force of attraction between the atom’s nucleus and its electrons.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

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    The positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of an electron create an electrostatic force of attraction between the atom’s nucleus and its electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    283 views2 pages

    Electrostatic Attraction Guided Inquiry

    Uploaded by

    arg0naut
    The positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of an electron create an electrostatic force of attraction between the atom’s nucleus and its electrons.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    Name _________________________________________ Pd ____ Date ________________________

    Electrostatic Attraction (aka Coulombic Attraction) Guided Inquiry


    The positive charge of the proton and the negative charge of an electron create an electrostatic force of attraction
    between the atom’s nucleus and its electrons. This force of attraction is also known as coulombic attraction. Two
    variables affect the strength of this attraction:

    The distance between the charged particles – The force of attraction has
    an indirect relationship with the square of the distance. This means that
    as the distance between the nucleus and the electron increases the
    electrostatic attraction decreases. Because the relationship is with the
    square of distance the force decreases rapidly as the distance increases.
    For example, doubling the distance between the nucleus and electron
    +++ n=1 n=2
    decreases the force of attraction by a factor of 4. Tripling the distance nucleus
    between the nucleus and electron decreases the force of attraction by a
    factor of 9.
    The lithium atom is shown on the right. The force of attraction between
    the nucleus and the 2 electrons in the n=1 energy level is stronger than
    the force of attraction between the nucleus and the electron in the n=2 lithium
    energy level, because the electrons in the n=1 energy level are closer to
    the nucleus than the electron in the n=2 energy level.

    The strength of the charged particles – The force of attraction has a


    direct relationship with the strength of the charged particles. An electron
    can only have a 1- charge; however, the strength of the nucleus’s charge
    is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus. So as the number of
    protons in the nucleus increases the strength of the electrostatic
    attraction between the nucleus and the electron increases. If the +++++ n=1 n=2
    number of protons in the nucleus doubles, then the force of attraction nucleus
    increases by a factor of 2. If the number of protons in the nucleus triples,
    then the force of attraction increases by a factor of 3.
    The boron atom is shown on the right. The force of attraction between
    boron’s nucleus and its 3 electrons in the n=2 energy level is stronger
    than the force of attraction between lithium’s nucleus and its electron in boron
    the n=2 energy level, because boron’s nucleus has 5 protons compared to
    only 3 protons for lithium’s nucleus.

    What is the effect when both variables change?


    The general relationship between the force of attraction, F, the distance between the electron and the nucleus, d,
    𝑍
    and the number of protons in the nucleus, Z, is 𝐹 ∝ 𝑑2 . Changing distance has a bigger effect on the attractive
    force than changing the number of protons. So, if both the distance between the nucleus and electron, and the
    number of protons in the nucleus doubled, the attractive force would decrease by a factor of 2. If the distance
    between the nucleus and electron, and the number of protons in the nucleus tripled, the attractive force would
    decrease by a factor of 3.

    Use this information about the force of attraction between electrons and the nucleus and the periodic table to
    solve the problems on the other side.
    Complete each table below by writing down the number of protons each element has and the highest main
    energy level of its electron cloud in the ground state. Then rank the strength of the electrostatic attraction
    between their nucleus and the out most electron(s).

    # of Highest Main Relative Strength of


    Element Protons Energy Level Coulombic Attraction
    chlorine

    magnesium

    argon

    silicon
    sodium

    sulfur

    phosphorus
    aluminum

    # of Highest Main Relative Strength of


    Element Protons Energy Level Coulombic Attraction
    strontium
    barium

    magnesium
    radium

    beryllium
    calcium

    # of Highest Main Relative Strength of


    Element Protons Energy Level Coulombic Attraction
    cesium

    fluorine

    zirconium

    iron
    silicon

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