DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MOTORIZED

BENCH VISE

CONTENTS
 CONTENTS

 SYNOPSIS
 INTRODUCTION
 LITERATURE SURVEY
 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 FABRICATION OF PARTS
 ASSEMBLY OF COMPONENTS
 WORKING PRINCIPLE
 LINE DIAGRAM
 LIST OF MATERIALS
 ADVANTAGES
 APPLICATIONS
 PHOTOGRAPH
 COST DETAILS
 CONCLUSION
 BIBLIOGRAPHY
SYNOPSIS
 SYNOPSIS

In Normal machine vice the human labour involves in turning the handle to
hold the component tightly by giving more human effort which eventually results
in damage on work piece due to over tightening of the handle. This may be avoided
by involving motorized vice in which the work piece is cannot gets damage while
clamping where the operation can be monitored by the operator. An lead screw
rotate a movable jaw their using back ram to forward and reverse movement of the
vice jaws to remove the work piece and to hold the work piece. These types of
motorized machine vice can be used for all type of machine. In applications such
as, Drilling machine, milling machine, shaping machining which provides an
effective grip to job during machining processes. This motor operated machine
vice can be manufactured at optimized cost from small scale industries to larger
machining works.
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

Vises a mechanical screw apparatus used for holding or clamping a work

piece to allow work to be performed on it with tools such as saws, planes, mills,
drills, screwdrivers sandpaper, etc. Vises usually have one fixed jaw and another,
parallel jaw which is moved towards or away from the fixed jaw by the screw.
Vises are used as holding devise on machines like lathes, milling machine, drilling
machine etc. and also by tool makers for holding jobs. Design wise three types of
vises are very common in use namely plain vise, swivel vise and tool maker’s vise
which is commonly known as bench vise. Vise is usually refers to a bench vise
with flat, parallel jaws, attached to a workbench. There are two main types: a
woodworking vise and engineer's vise. The woodworker's bench vise main
characteristic is its integration into the bench. An engineer's bench vise is usually
clamped or bolted onto the top of the bench. The handle is usually adjustable so
that it can be tightened in small places. There are four main types of bench vises
these are machinist vise, mechanics vise, post vise and woodworkers vise. The
machinist's vise is considered as "cream of the crop". They are stoutly made and
are finely machined. The jaws should match up perfectly, and they will be made of
very high grade (60,000psi or greater) cast iron. The mechanic's vises are made of
lower grade iron. They usually have an integrated anvil area. The post vise is a
blacksmith's tool, these vises are made of forged wrought iron, not cast iron,
allowing them to have ductility. The woodworker's vise is an under-mount vise,
usually with a retractable dog for clamping work upon the workbench. There are
two main types of jawsusedon vises: hard and soft. Hard jaws are available with
either a coarse gripping surface or are ground flat and smooth to increase accuracy.
The latter relies on pressure for gripping, instead of a rough surface. An unskilled
operator has the tendency to over tighten jaws, leading to part deformation and
error in the finished workpiece. Soft jaws are usually made from a soft metal
(usually aluminum), plastic, or wood. They are used to either hold delicate
workpieces. These specifically cut jaws are often used in place of fixturesand most
commonly used in gang operations. They are also used for rapid change-over type
set-ups since they can be easily engraved with the part number, the job number, or
other information relevant to the job being run. Soft jaws are considered a
consumable item, because they are discarded or recycled after multiple uses.

EXISTING SYSTEM

A machine vise that can be rotated. An engineer's vice, also known as a

metalworking vice or machinists vice, is used to clamp metal instead of wood. It is
used to hold metal when filing or cutting. It is sometimes made of cast steel or
malleable cast iron, but most are made of cast iron. However, most heavy duty
vices are 55,000 psi cast steel or 65,000 psi ductile iron. Some vices have a cast
iron body but a steel channel bar. Cast iron is popular because it is typically 30 ksi
grey iron which is rigid, strong and inexpensive. The jaws are often separate and
replaceable, usually engraved with serrated or diamond teeth. Soft jaw covers
made of aluminum, copper, wood (for wood working) or plastic may be used to
protect delicate work. The jaw opening of an engineer's vice is almost always the
same size as the jaw width, if not bigger. An engineer's vice is bolted onto the top
surface of a workbench with the face of the fixed jaws just forward of its front
edge. The vice may include other features such as a small anvil on the back of its
body. Most engineer's vices have a swivel base. Some engineer's vices marketed as
"Homeowner Grade" are not made of steel or cast iron, but of pot metal [citation
needed] or a very low grade of iron, typically with a tensile strength of under 10
ksi. Most homeowner's bench vices have an exposed screw.
LITERATURE SURVEY
 LITERATURE SURVEY

Anuchandran et al proposed automatic machine vice to hold the work piece

and release the work piece after completing the machining process. The device was
controlled by microcontroller which was self programmed. In this set up sensor
issued to identify the job and the signal is fed to the microcontroller as result the
jaw holds the job. This type of vice completely reduces the human effort.

M.S.Kadam et al proposed a Bench vice or fixture may be a production tool.

The most aim is to find, support and fix the work firmly thus we are able to
perform the specified machining operations. Feeler or thickness gauges and set
blocks also are accustomed give reference of the cutter with the work piece. A
bench vice should be simply fixed with the machine and therefore the table. As a
result, the work is done. It is used for the opposite operations on most of the
quality machining tools like drilling machine. Bench Vices square measure out
there in numerous size and shapes starting from low cost and straightforward
devices to terribly high-ticket and sophisticated devices. Bench Vices may
facilitate to change the formation operations that square measure performed on the
special instrumentation. Considering the benefits of fixture and jigs, a fixture was
designed to cater to our desires. We tend to square measure reaching to style a
piece device which can} be able to hold the work piece in any direction. The one-
part bottom assembly is absolving to rotate and alternative a part of bottom
assembly mounted to bench. This kind of assembly can assist to high assembly that
consist jaws. These jaws square measure likewise pipe vice bench vice. Lead screw
is provided for engagement & disengagement of the jaws.
 In line with Kibbe, R.R , drilling holes is one of the most basic of machining
operations this is very regularly carried out by using machinist. Metal cutting calls
for extensive pressure of feed on the slicing side. A drill press gives the vital feed
stress either by means of hand or electricity pressure. The primary use of the drill
press is to drill holes, but it can be used for other operations together with
countersinking, counter boring, spot facing, reaming, and tapping, which are
processes that modify the drilled hole. Heidar Hashemi [4] et al proposed
appropriate fixture design could lower process time, lower cost, and improves the
quality of products. Fixture design plays an important role in the process of
manufacturing. As per the design activity process, incorporating automation in
fixture design plays an integral role in linking computer aided designs and
computer aided manufacturing.

Sabareeswaran et al planned that Fixtures square measure wont to find and

hold the work piece throughout machining. They’re wont to accomplish the
machining accuracy and high productivity within the producing method. Fixture,
work piece and cutlery type a structural system and therefore the behavior of the
system is dynamic. Throughout machining, engagement of cutter with work piece
causes vibration ends up in distortion of labor piece that successively affects
machining accuracy. The fixture-cutting tool-work piece system must be analyzed
in terms of its dynamic response and is crucial to reduce the vibration. During this
analysis paper, finite component methodology is applied to model and simulate the
machining operation and analysis is used to seethe amplitude of vibration. Then,
genetic algorithmic program is planned to reduce the amplitude vibration by
optimizing the machining fixture layout. From the above literature survey it was
clear that several authors have contributed their own views about the usage of
machine vice and its characteristics. Hence in this paper an attempt has been made
to improve the efficiency of machine vice while handling the parts in addition to
that a special type vice was modeled called screw less machine vice. Also the
efficiency of model was compared against existing design with respect to FEM
(Finite Element Method) results.

B.Logesh discussed with manufacturing processes are the key production

system involved in industries where raw materials are converted to end customer
required products. The process starts with the design stage where the materials are
created according to the design required. These designs of materials are then
converted to required component through manufacturing processes. Process of
manufacturing includes reshaping of materials through forging, welding and
cutting, heat treatment processes and sheet metal forming processes etc. The
manufacturing process includes the process planning, quality assurance of
materials and products manufactured even during starting and ending of
manufacturing processes.

J.Pugazhenthi was discussed with Metal cutting or machining is the

manufacturing process in which the unwanted materials are removed and a
required shape of product according to design standards are manufactures. These
wastes are removed in forms of metal chips. The cuttings of materials are done by
fracture of materials through hardened cutting tools. These types of material
fractures are normally done in names of shaping, milling, grinding, facing,
grinding, chiselling and broaching operations. Orthogonal cutting is the primary
principle behind all these machining process, even though these tools llok different
from each other basic idea behind it is causing fracture on the material.
Accordingly in all processes of machining the job shape is finally changed to the
required shape according to the design of product through material fracture. First
step in all machining process is to hold the job firmly in a fixture and then it is
exposed to high speed rotating tool to get machined. During machining process
even at higher speeds and applying heavy loads in process such as forging job has
to be safely held within the fixture. Commonly used fixtures are Vices, 3 jaw and 4
Jaw chucks, etc. Machining operations includes different operations for a single
job such as drilling, boring grinding, reaming etc. So that job has to be removed
and clamped tightly for each operation which makes the human operator tired and
also to get fatigue. So that a new fixture called cam operated vice is used to tight
and loosen the jobseasily to the different positions even during variety of
operations in a same component.

Dr S K Patel has designed and developed a work holding Vice for the
Drilling and milling purpose. This project brought the idea about the machine vice
for drilling purpose as well as the other machining purpose. Forlarge scale
production of different materials a lot of time is wasted in set up of the device and
clamping the device. Trial and error method is usually practiced until the axis of
the hole is properly aligned with the axis of the drill. In such a situation a lot of
time is being wasted to maintain the accuracy. Eventually it increases the
operator’s fatigue. Thus drill jig increases productivity by eliminating individual
positioning, marking and frequent checking. The main advantage of the jigs is
interchangeability
CONSTRUCTION DETAILS
 CONSTRUCTION DETAILS

Types of Machining Vises

Vises, mechanical devices designed to hold workpieces still during
machining operations, can function as manual components or as machining
devices. Many typical manufacturing facilities use machining vises for applications
that have tight tolerances and require high precision. Although there are many
merits associated with manual vises, machining vises are often more well-suited to
holding a workpiece stationary during high-speed machining operations. Because
high-speed machining can cause extensive vibrations, machining vises are
equipped to dampen vibrations and provide excellent stability.

Fully hydraulic vices and hydra-mechanical machining vises are common

variants, with hydra-mechanical vises offering the added benefit of clamping force
without dependency on hydraulic lines. Fully-hydraulic machining vises often
contain the hydraulic system within the jaw body, minimizing exposure of the
spindle. Both types of power machining vises are relatively versatile, and can
function with a variety of jaws, including standard flat jaws, down thrust, angular,
swivel, and diagonal clamping jaws.

Wood working:
Woodworking vises square measure connected to a bench, usually flush with
its surface. Their jaws square measure fabricated from wood or metal, the latter
typically moon-faced with wood, known as cheeks, to avoid marring the work. The
movable jaw might embody a retractile dog to carry work against a bench dog.
Engineer’s vice:
 An engineer's holding device, conjointly referred to as a vise or bench vise,
is employed to clamp metal rather than wood. It’s wont to hold metal once filing or
cutting. It’s generally fabricated from solid steel or malleable forged iron, however
most square measure fabricated from forged iron. However, most serious duty
vises square measure fifty five, psi solid steel or sixty five psi ductile iron. Some
vies have a forged iron body however a steel channel bar. Forged iron is standard
as a result of it's usually thirty ksi gray iron that is rigid, robust and cheap. The
jaws square measure usually separate and expendable typically incised with serrate
or diamond teeth. Soft jaw covers fabricated from metal, copper, wood (for
woodworking) or plastic is also wont to shield delicate work. The jaw gap of
associate engineer’s holding device is nearly invariably a similar size because the
jaw dimension, if not larger.

Machine vice:

Machine vises square measure mounted on drill presses, grinding machines

and edge machines. Abrasive chop saws have a special sort of machine bench vise
designed into the saw. Some hobbyists use a machine bench vise as a holding
device owing to the low price and little size.

Typical machine vises are constructed from cast iron with replaceable steel
jaws, and are designed to hold a work piece stationary during milling, drilling,
shaping, and grinding. A heavy duty machine vise is distinguished by its swivel
base and smooth jaws, whereas medium duty machine vises feature on smooth and
one grooved jaw. Specific kinds of machine vises include any-angle precision,
ultra-precision, and self-centering machine vises.

Vacuum vice:
 A vacuum bench vise could be a hobbyist's tool, unremarkably wont to hold
circuit boards, model airplanes and alternative tiny work. They mounted with a
suction cup and infrequently have associate degree articulated joint within the
middle to permit the bench vise to pivot and swivel. Jewelers additionally use
vacuum vises to carry jewellery. Pipe vice: Pipe vises are a plumber's tool,
typically accustomed hold pipes in situ for threading and cutting. There are two
main styles: chain and yoke. The yoke sort holding device uses a screw to confine
the pipe, and also the chain vogue uses a sequence for securing the pipe.These are
the various types of machine vice as described above. Hence in this paperattempt
has been made to design and analyze screw less machine vice

Any-Angle Precision Machine Vise

A so-called “any-angle” precision machine vise is extremely flexible,

offering up to 45 degree angle tilting capabilities in either direction, and 90 degree
vertical tilt so that a work piece may be positioned at a right angle to the surface of
the working table.

Ultra Precision Vises

 Ultra-precision vises are typically used for grinding and inspection
operations, and are often referred to as toolmakers’ vises. One jaw is smooth while
the other is grooved, and the vise body is typically made of steel. Ultra precision
vises can be fastened to a workbench, feature a replacement for the movable jaw,
which often has additional grooves to enable it to hold a rounded work piece.

Self-Centering Machine Vise

A self-centering vise features two movable jaws that center themselves

around the work piece. In milling and drilling applications where an accurately
centered work piece is essential to the operation, a self-centering vise can save
time. Both the vise and jaws are often made of steel, and the smooth jaws are
replaceable.
Cross-Slide Drill Press Vises

Like a self-centering machine vise, cross-slide drill-press vises are

appropriate for processes where a work piece must be accurately centered. Lighter
applications, such as drilling and light milling, can benefit from a cross-slide drill-
press, which moves on two axes. They tend to be made of iron, and feature one
smooth and one grooved jaw. They are available in variants for lighter work (and
can be attached to a workbench) as well as for applications that require variable-
angle drilling and milling.
FABRICATION OF PARTS
 FABRICATION OF PARTS

1.movable jaw

2.fixed jaw

3.lead screw

4.pulley
5.belt drive

6.motor
COMPONENTS DETAILS
 COMPONENTS DETAILS

1.movable jaw

The moving jaw is easily adjustable by the lead screw arrangement. We can
easily move the moving jaw on this equipment by rotating the leads crew by
handle and operating the lever in cam arrangement.
2.fixed jaw

The fixed jaw is stable/ the jaw is mounted on the frame stand in this

equipment.

3.lead screw

A lead screw also known as a power screw or translation screw, is a screw

designed to translate radial motion into linear motion. Common applications are
machine slides such as in machine tools, vises, presses, and jacks. A lead screw nut
and screw mate with rubbing surfaces, and consequently they have a relatively
high friction and stiction compared to mechanical parts which mate with rolling
surfaces and bearings. Their efficiency is typically between 25 and 75% with
higher pitch screws tending to be more efficient. A higher performing, and more
expensive, alternative is the ball screw. The high internal friction means that lead
screw systems are not usually capable of continuous operation at high speed, as
they will overheat. Due to inherently high stiction, the typical screw is
selflockingi.e. when stopped a linear force on the nut will not apply a torque to the
screw+ and are often used in applications where back driving is unacceptable, like
holding vertical loads or in hand cranked machine tools.leadscrews are typically
used well greased, but, with an appropriate nut, it may be run dry with somewhat
higher friction. There is often a choice of nuts, and manufacturers will specify
screw and nut combinations as a set.
The mechanical advantage of a lead screw is determined by the screw pitcha nd
lead. 0or multi start screws the mechanical advantage is lower, but the traveling
speed is better. Backlash can be reduced with the use of a second nut to create a
static loading force known as preload/ alternately, the nut can be cut along a radius
and preloaded by clamping that cut back together. A lead screw will back drive. A
leadscrew&s tendency to back drive depends on its thread helix angle, coefficient
of friction of the interface of the components (screw/nut) and the included angle of
the thread form. In general, a steel acme thread and bronze nut will back drive
when the helix angle of the thread is greater than 20.
4.pulley

A pulley is a wheel on an axle or shaft that is designed to support movement

and change of direction of a taut cable or belt, or transfer of power between the

shaft and cable or belt. In the case of a pulley supported by a frame or shell that

does not transfer power to a shaft, but is used to guide the cable or exert a force,

the supporting shell is called a block, and the pulley may be called a sheave. A

pulley may have a groove or grooves between flanges around its circumference to

locate the cable or belt. The drive element of a pulley system can be a rope, cable,

belt, or chain.

5.belt drive

A single V-Belt of A-Type cross section is used. It is used to transmit the

power from Motor Pulley to Spindle Pulley with help of step cone pulley. Among
flexible machine elements, perhaps V-belt drives have widest industrial
application. These belts have trapezoidal cross section and do not have any joints.
Therefore, these belts are manufactured only for certain standard lengths. To
accommodate these belts the pulleys have V shaped grooves which makes them
relatively costlier. Multiple groove pulleys are available to accommodate number
of belts, when large power transmission is required. V-belt drives are most
recommended for shorter center distances. In comparison to flat belt drives, these
drives are slightly less efficient. V belt can have transmission ratio up to 1:15 and
belt slip is very small. As the belts are endless type, V-belt drives do not suffer
from any joint failure and are quiet in operation. V-belts constitute fabric and cords
of cotton, nylon etc. an d impregnated with rubber

6.motor

An electric motor is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into

mechanical energy. Most electric motors operate through the interaction between
the motor's magnetic field and winding currents to generate force in the form of
rotation. Electric motors can be powered by direct current (DC) sources, such as
from batteries, motor vehicles or rectifiers, or by alternating current (AC) sources,
such as a power grid, inverters or electrical generators. An electric generator is
mechanically identical to an electric motor, but operates in the reverse direction,
accepting mechanical energy (such as from flowing water) and converting this
mechanical energy into electrical energy.

Electric motors may be classified by considerations such as power source

type, internal construction, application and type of motion output. In addition to
AC versus DC types, motors may be brushed or brushless, may be of various phase
(see single-phase, two-phase, or three-phase), and may be either air-cooled or
liquid-cooled. General-purpose motors with standard dimensions and
characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial use. The largest
electric motors are used for ship propulsion, pipeline compression and pumped-
storage applications with ratings reaching 100 megawatts. Electric motors are
found in industrial fans, blowers and pumps, machine tools, household appliances,
power tools and disk drives. Small motors may be found in electric watches. In
certain applications, such as in regenerative braking with traction motors, electric
motors can be used in reverse as generators to recover energy that might otherwise
be lost as heat and friction.
WORKING PRINCIPLE
 WORKING PRINCIPLE

The cam vice consists of fixed jaw, moving jaw, lever, lead screw, handle,
cam mechanism and frame stand. The fixed jaw is fixed on the frame. The moving
jaw is arranged parallel through the fixed jaw. The pulley arrangement is placed
before the moving jaw. The belt arrangement consists of pulley coupled with motor
.The lead screw is used to adjust the cam arrangement in the equipment. The main
purpose of the vice is used to clamp and unclamp the same sizes specimens on it.
This vice is used in mass production. The specimen is placed between the fixed
jaw and moving jaw, and then the lead is operated by motor. The specimen is
clamped at a perfect stage, and then the lead screw is used to fit the correct area in
the cam arrangement. We can easily clamp and unclamp the same of specimens in
this equipment very easily.
LINE DIAGRAM
LINE DIAGRAM

Power supply

Motor

Pulley

Belt drive

Lead screw

Movable jaw
ADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES

1. idle time of the machine is reduced

2. when compared with the mechanical vices, it continues less time for

clamping and unclamping the job

3. It reduces the clamping time

4. Hence, production rate is higher

APPLICATIONS
 APPLICATIONS

1. Applicable in workshops

2. Applicable in small and medium scale industries

PHOTOGRAPH
PHOTOGRAPH
COST DETAILS
Cost Details

Sl No. Parts Cost

1 Bench vise 2000
2 Belt 300
3 pulley 700
4 Metal pipes, flats and rods 2500
5 Motor 1600
6 Bolt nuts 200
8 Labour cost 2700
Total 10000
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

This project is made with pre planning, that it provides flexibility

inoperation.This innovation has made the more desirable and economical. This
project ‘motorized vise’ is designed with the hope that it is very much
economical and help full to workshops, small and medium scale industries. This
project helped us to know the periodic steps in completing a project work. Thus
we have completed the project successfully.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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[7.]Mihaiela Iliescu, Kamran Tabeshfar, et al.Importance of Rapid Prototyping

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[11] H. Hashemi, A. Mohamed Shaharoun, S. Izman, and D.Kurniawan,

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[12] A.S.Kadam et al , “Design and Modification of Bench Vice by Increasing

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