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    Questions, Hints, Prescriptions and All That: 1 Monte-Carlo

    Uploaded by

    Swarnava Barui
    This document discusses Monte Carlo simulations and probability distributions. It provides definitions and tasks for several problems: 1) Estimating pi by randomly sampling points within a circle. The tasks are to extend this to a full circle and to 3D. 2) Modeling Rutherford scattering of alpha particles off gold foil. The tasks are to generate random numbers, plot cross sections and impact parameters, and calculate statistics. 3) Generating random numbers from a Lorentzian distribution and making a histogram to compare to the theoretical distribution. 4) Defining the Poisson distribution and tasks to check convergence, generate random numbers, and plot the distribution against its parameters.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Questions, Hints, Prescriptions and All That: 1 Monte-Carlo

    Uploaded by

    Swarnava Barui
    37 views4 pages
    This document discusses Monte Carlo simulations and probability distributions. It provides definitions and tasks for several problems: 1) Estimating pi by randomly sampling points within a circle. The tasks are to extend this to a full circle and to 3D. 2) Modeling Rutherford scattering of alpha particles off gold foil. The tasks are to generate random numbers, plot cross sections and impact parameters, and calculate statistics. 3) Generating random numbers from a Lorentzian distribution and making a histogram to compare to the theoretical distribution. 4) Defining the Poisson distribution and tasks to check convergence, generate random numbers, and plot the distribution against its parameters.

    Original Description:

    Short note on Monte Carlo simulation.

    Original Title

    Monte Carlo

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    This document discusses Monte Carlo simulations and probability distributions. It provides definitions and tasks for several problems: 1) Estimating pi by randomly sampling points within a circle. The tasks are to extend this to a full circle and to 3D. 2) Modeling Rutherford scattering of alpha particles off gold foil. The tasks are to generate random numbers, plot cross sections and impact parameters, and calculate statistics. 3) Generating random numbers from a Lorentzian distribution and making a histogram to compare to the theoretical distribution. 4) Defining the Poisson distribution and tasks to check convergence, generate random numbers, and plot the distribution against its parameters.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views4 pages

    Questions, Hints, Prescriptions and All That: 1 Monte-Carlo

    Uploaded by

    Swarnava Barui
    This document discusses Monte Carlo simulations and probability distributions. It provides definitions and tasks for several problems: 1) Estimating pi by randomly sampling points within a circle. The tasks are to extend this to a full circle and to 3D. 2) Modeling Rutherford scattering of alpha particles off gold foil. The tasks are to generate random numbers, plot cross sections and impact parameters, and calculate statistics. 3) Generating random numbers from a Lorentzian distribution and making a histogram to compare to the theoretical distribution. 4) Defining the Poisson distribution and tasks to check convergence, generate random numbers, and plot the distribution against its parameters.

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    You are on page 1of 4

    Questions, Hints, Prescriptions and all that

    Muhammad Alibordi

    January 28, 2019

    1 Monte-Carlo
    1.0.1 Reading Prescription
    Terminology-
    Algoritm, repeats on random sampling, probability mass function, cumulative distribution
    function, Linear Congruential Generators, Acceptance-Rejection method.
    Articles-
    1.Random numbers fall mainly in the plain - George Marsaglia, 1968
    2.A note on the generation of random normal deviates- Bos and Muller, 1958.

    1.1 Problem- Value of π


    A quadrant inscribing a square of unit dimension, given the ratio of the areas of quadrant
    to square is π4 .

    1.1.1 Task
    • (From wiki)-Draw a square, then inscribe a quadrant within it,uniformly scatter
    a given number of points over the square, count the number of points inside the

    1
    quadrant, i.e. having a distance from the origin of less than 1, the ratio of the inside-
    count and the total-sample-count is an estimate of the ratio of the two areas, π4 .
    Multiply the result by 4 to estimate π.
    • Extend this whole problem for a full circle and repeat the procedures explained above
    to get the value of π.
    • Extend the problem to 3D. Compare the results.

    1.2 Problem-Rutherford α particle scattering


    1.2.1 Defnition
    Elastic scattering of charged particles by the Coulomb interaction. Fired beam of α parti-
    cles are reflecting back or scattered away from the gold foil. The relation between differ-
    ential cross section and scattering angle is given by,
    dσ Z1 Z2 αs (~c) 2
    =( )
    dΩ 8π0 sin2 (Θ/2)
    And the impact parameter relates the scattering cross section,
    Z1 Z2 αs e 2
    b= cot(Θ/2)
    4π0 mv02
    (Note: All the symbols have their usual meaning other will be specified)

    1.2.2 Task
    • Generate Random numbers for kinetic energy(∼ velocity ) of the incoming α particle
    and also for scattering angle within the physical limit of atomic dimension and binding
    energy.
    • Plot cross section vs scattering angle and impact parameter vs scattering angle.
    PN qP
    i xi
    • Calculate mean (µ = N ) and standard deviation (σ = ( Ni xi − µ) ) for impact
    parameter and cross section.

    1.3 Problem-Lorentzian Distribution


    1.3.1 Defnition
    Lorentz distribution also known as Breit-Wigner distribution has the following expression
    [Luca Lista, Section 2.13.1],
     
    1 γ
    L(x; x0 , γ) =
    π (x − x0 )2 + γ 2

    2
    The x0 determines the maximal mode with a parameter γ equals to half of the full width
    at half maximum.

    1.3.2 Task
    Data Reduction and Error Analysis, Bevington & Robinson, Reading- A.1, A.3, Section
    5.3, Problem 5.6.

    • Generate 1000 random numbers between x=-3 and x=+3, distributed according to
    the Lorentzian distribution with mean µ=0, and half-width Γ = 1.0.

    • Use the Transformation Method with a numerical integration and interpolation.

    • Make a 20 bin histogram of the generated numbers and plot Lorentzian the curve on
    the distribution.

    • Calculate χ2 to compare the generated distribution to the parent distribution.

    2 Distribution
    2.0.1 Reading Prescription
    Terminology-
    Permutation-Combination, Probability, Gaussian Distribution, Poisson Distribution, Bino-
    mial Distribution, Integral Probability, Lorentzian Distribution, Exponential Distribution,
    Breit-Wigner Distribution, Argus Function, Crystal Ball Function, Mean and Half Width,
    comparison between distribution.
    Book-
    Statistical Methods for Data Analysis in Particle Physics - Luca Lista.

    2.1 Problem-Poisson Distribution


    2.1.1 Defnition
    The Poisson distribution is defined as ,

    λn e−λ
    P=
    n!
    (Note: All the symbols have their usual meaning other will be specified)

    3
    2.1.2 Task
    • Check the convergence of the distribution and what are limiting values of λ, &n.

    • Generate random numbers for all parameters within the limits of convergence.

    • Get Poisson’s distribution and plot against λ and n.

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