Pec Summary
Pec Summary
Pec Summary
b) Adequacy - Strict compliance with the provisions 7. Yards, carnival, parking, etc.
of this Code will ensure safety in electrical installation
8. Watercraft
and construction, but not necessarily efficient,
convenient, or adequate for good service or future 9. Dockyards
expansion of electrical use.
10. Airfields
* The use of PEC is mandated by R.A. 7920 ( formerly
R.A. 184 ), also known as the New Electrical 11. Quarries and mines
Engineering Law. Likewise, referral codes are also 12. Mobile homes, travel trailers and recreational
used which are mandated by their corresponding vehicles
laws.
13. Offshore facilities
1. P.D. 1096 - National Building Code
14. Other premises which requires electrical
2. P.D. 1185 - Fire Code of the Philippines installation except to those which are done in; a)
3. Structural Code Aircraft b) motor vehicles c) railway rolling stocks
3,700 mm - for those areas listed in the 4,600 mm SIZE AND RATING
classification when the voltage is limited to 600 volts a) General. Service lateral conductors shall have
to ground. sufficient ampacity to carry the current for the load
4,600 mm - over residential property and driveways, and shall have adequate mechanical strength.
and those commercial areas not subject to truck b) Minimum Size. The conductors shall not be
traffic. smaller than 5.5 mm2copper or 8.0 mm2 aluminum
5,500 mm - over public streets, alleys, roads, parking or copper-clad aluminum.
areas subject to truck traffic, driveways on other than Where two to six service disconnecting means in
residential property, and other land transversed by separate enclosures supply separate loads from one
vehicles such as cultivated, grazing, forest, and service drop or lateral, one set of service entrance
orchard. conductors shall be permitted to supply each or
UNDERGROUND SERVICE-LATERAL CONDUCTOR several such service equipment enclosures.
This is the underground service conductor between EXCEPTION: For installations to supply only limited
the street main, including any risers at a pole or other loads of a single branch circuit such as small
structure or from transformers, and the first point of polyphase power, controlled water heaters and the
any connection to the service-entrance conductors in like, they shall not be smaller than 3.5 mm2 copper or
a terminal box or meter or other enclosure with 5.0 mm2aluminum or copper-clad aluminum.
adequate space, inside or outside the building wall.
SERVICE ENTRANCE Ungrounded conductors shall not be smaller than:
Service is defined as the portion of the supply which 1. 100 A ---- For one family dwelling with six or more
extends from the street main duct or transformer to 2-wire branchcircuits.
the service switch or switchboard of the building
2. 60 A ---- For one family dwelling with an initial
supply.
computed load of 10 kVA above.
-it is the conductor and equipment for delivering
3. 40 A ---- For other loads.
energy from the electricity supply system to the
wiring system of the premises served. EXCEPTIONS:
The most common type of service entrance employed 2. By special permission, for loads limited by demand
by the power companies supplying electricity which or by the source of supply, 5.5 mm2 copper or 8.0
is either a 2, 3 or 4-wire connection. Generally, the mm2 aluminum or copper-clad aluminum.
overhead service cable between the building property
3. For limited loads of single branch circuit, 3.5
line and the supply point is supplied by electric
mm2 copper or 5.5 mm2aluminum or copper-clad
company to a limit of 30 meters.
aluminum.
2. The Underground Service Entrance
INSTALLATION OF SERVICE CONDUCTORS
The underground service entrance consists of a
Service entrance conductors shall be installed in
raceway conduit extending from the building to the
accordance with the applicable requirements of this
property line where it is tapped to the main. The type
Code covering the type of wiring method used and
of cable recommended is the underground service
limited to the following methods:
entrance cable commonly referred to as USE.
1. Open-wiring on insulators
SERVICE - ENTRANCE CONDUCTORS
2. Rigid Metal Conduit (RMC)
No. of Service-Entrance Conductor Sets
3. Intermediate Metallic Tubing (IMT)
Each service drop or lateral shall supply only one set 4. Electrical Metallic Tubing (EMT)
of service-entrance conductors.
5. Service-Entrance Cables
*EXCEPTIONS: 6. Wireways
1. Buildings with more than one occupancy. 7. Busways
8. Auxiliary gutters
2. Where two to six service disconnecting means in a
separate enclosures are grouped at one location and 9. Rigid Non-Metallic Conduit (RNMC)
supply separate loads from one service drop or 10. Cable Bus
lateral.
11. Mineral-Insulated Metal-Sheated Cable
SIZE AND RATING: Service entrance conductors shall 12. Type MC Cables
be of sufficient size to carry the computed loads.
PROTECTION: RATING:
Service entrance conductors subjected to physical The service disconnecting means shall have a rating
damage shall be protected in any of the following of not less than the load to be carried. In no case shall
ways or methods: the rating be lower than specified through:
The service-disconnecting means shall be provided to 100 A -- where the initial installations consist of six or
disconnect all conductors in a building or other more 2-wire branch circuit.
structures from the service-entrance conductor.
4. Others -- For all other installations, the service
NUMBER OF DISCONNECTING MEANS: disconnecting means shall have a rating of not less
than 40 amperes.
The service disconnecting means for each set or each
subset of service entrance conductor shall consist of NOTES:
not more than six switches or six circuit breakers
The service disconnecting means shall
mounted in a single enclosure, or in a switchboard.
simultaneously disconnect all ungrounded
LOCATION: conductors and shall be capable of being closed on a
fault equal to or greater than the maximum available
The service disconnecting means shall be installed short-circuit current.
either inside or outside the building or other
structure at a readily accessible location nearest the Service entrance conductor shall have a short-circuit
point of entrance of the service entrance conductor protective device in each ungrounded conductors.
The riser diagram consists of the schematic diagram 2. Location of convenience outlets.
of service entrance, feeders and branch circuits. This
indicates: 3. Location of switches with their corresponding
symbols.
1. The number of branch circuits, the size of
conductors, size of conduit and protection for each 4. Location of outlets for air conditioning units.
branch circuit. 5. Location of telephone, intercom and master
2. The sizes of feeders, its conduit and feeder’s antenna television outlets.
protection. 6. Location of service equipment and/or
3. The type of service, size of service entrance disconnecting means.
conductor, conduits and main protective device. 7. Location of service kilowatthour meter.
E. TITLE BLOCK: G. SCHEDULE OF LOADS AND
Title block or nameplate of plans and drawings shall COMPUTATIONS:
be a standard strip of 40 mm high at the bottom of
Schedule of loads in tabulated form shall indicate:
each sheet.
3. Number and lightning outlets in each circuits. 5. Setting / ratingsof over current devices.
BRANCH CIRCUIT- is defined as the circuit 2. When there is an overcurrent, the circuit breaker
conductors between the final overcurrent device trips automatically and after correcting the fault, it is
protecting the circuit and the outlets. This means that ready to be switched on again, unlike the fuse which
the branch circuit is only the wiring between the has to be discarded and replaced after it is busted.
circuit overcurrent protection device such as fuses or
Advantages of fuse over a circuit breaker
circuit breaker and the outlets. However, it is a
common knowledge and practice that the branch 1. One of its major advantage is its reliability and
circuit comprises the entire circuit including the stability. It can stay on its position for years and act
outlet receptacles and other wiring devices. when called on to act as designed, unlike the circuit
breaker which requires proper maintenance and
PROTECTION OF THE BRANCH CIRCUIT
periodic testing to keep it into a tip-top condition.
Any current in excess of the rated current capacity of
2. The cost of a fuse is less than that of a circuit
the equipment or the rated ampacity of the conductor
breaker.
is called overcurrent.
Standard Ampere Ratings of Fuses and Inverse
The causes of overcurrent are:
time circuit breakers
1. Overload in the equipment conductors.
15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125,
2. Short circuit or ground fault 150, 200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 600, 700,
800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, 3000, 4000, 5000
and 6000
Fuses, circuit breakers or combinations shall not be WIRES AND CABLES
connected in parallel.
Wires are those electrical conductors which are 8
Exception: Circuit breakers or fuses, factory mm2 (AWG no. 8) or smaller, while cables are those
assembled in parallel, and approved as a unit. larger than the wires. They are either solid or
stranded.
Position of Knife Switches
Stranded wire - consists of a group of wires twisted
a) Single-throw Knife Switches. Single-throw knife
to form metallic string. The total circular-mil area of a
switches shall be so placed that gravity will not tend
stranded wire is found by multiplying the circular mil
to close them. Single-throw knife switches, approved
area of each strand by the total number of strand.
for use in the inverted position, shall be provided with
a locking device that will ensure that the blades Cord is the term given to an insulated stranded wire.
remain in the open position when so set.
CIRCULAR MIL. This is the unit of cross section in the
b) Double-throw Knife Switches. Double-throw knife American wire gauge. The term “mil” means one-
switches shall be permitted to be mounted so that the thousandth of an inch (0.001 in.). It is the area of a
throw will be either vertical or horizontal. Where the circular wire having a diameter of one mil. To find the
throw is vertical, a locking device shall be provided to number of circular mils in a circle of a given diameter,
hold the blades in the open position when so set. we have to square the number of mils in the diameter.
RECEPTACLES AND WIRING DEVICES Area in circular mil = ( diameter in mils )2
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS 1 inch = 1,000 mils
Electrical Conductors are substances that offer a MCM = 1,000 circular mils
very low resistance to current flow.
SQUARE MIL. It is the area of a square having its side
Insulators are substances that offer a very high equal to 1 mil.
resistance to current flow.
Square mil = ( sides )2 = ( 1 mil )2 = ( 0.001 in.)2 = 1 x
List of some good electrical conductors 10-6 in.2
It consists of copper conductor, tinned to make it Locations where fire or explosion hazards may exist
easier to remove the insulation, and for easy due to flammable gases or vapors, flammable liquids,
soldering. Over the copper is a layer of rubber, the combustible dust, or ignitible fibers or flyings.
thickness of which depends on the size of the wire.
Then follows an outer fabric braid which is saturated
with moisture-and-fire-resistant compounds; if it is
Class I Locations. a) Class II, Division 1. is a location:
Class I locations are those in which flammable gases i) in which combustible dust is in the air
or vapors are or may be present in the air in quantities normal operating conditions in quantities sufficient
sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible mixtures. to produce explosive or ignitible mixtures; or
a) Class I, Division 1. is a location: ii) where mechanical failure or abnormal
i) in which igntible concentrations of operation of machinery or equipment might cause
flammable gases or vapors can exist under normal such explosive or ignitible mixtures to be produced,
operating conditions; or and might also provide a source of ignition through
ii) in which ignitible concentrations of such gas simultaneous failure of electric equipment, operation
vapors may exist frequently because of repair or devices, or from other causes; or
maintenance operations or because of leakage; or iii) in which combustible dusts of an
iii) in which breakdown or faulty operation of electrically conductive nature may be present in
equipment or processes might release ignitible hazardous quantities.
concentrations of flammable gases or vapors, and b) Class II, Division 2. is a location
might also cause simultaneous failure of electric where combustible dust is not normally in the air in
equipment. quantities sufficient to produce explosive or ignitible
b) Class I, Division 2. is a location: mixtures, and dust accumulations are normally
i) in which volatile flammable liquids or insufficient to interfere with the normal operation of
flammable gases are handled, processes, or used, but electrical equipment or other apparatus, but
in which the liquids, vapors, or gases will normally be combustible dust may be in suspension in the air as a
confines within closed containers or closed systems result of infrequent malfunctioning of handling or
from which they can escape only in case of accidental processing equipment and where combustible dust
rupture or breakdown of such containers or systems, accumulations on, in, or in the vicinity of the electrical
or in case of abnormal operation of equipment; or equipment may be sufficient to interfere with the safe
ii) in which ignitible concentrations of gases or dissipation of heat from electrical equipment or may
vapors are normally prevented by positive be ignitible by abnormal operation or failure of
mechanical ventilation, and which might become electrical equipment.
hazardous through failure or abnormal operation of Class III Locations.
the ventilating equipment; Class III locations are those that are hazardous
iii) that is adjacent to Class I, Division 1 because of the presence of easily combustible fibers
location, and to which ignitible concentrations of or flyings, but in which such fibers or flyings are not
gases or vapors might occasionally be communicated likely to be in suspension in the air in quantities
unless such communication is prevented by adequate sufficient to produce ignitible mixtures.
positive ventilation from a source of clean air, and
a) Class III, Division 1. A Class III, Divisions 1
effective safeguards against ventilation failure are
location is a location in which easily ignitible fibers or
provided.
materials producing combustible flyings are handled,
Class II Locations.
manufactured, or used.
Class II locations are those that are hazardous
because of the presence of combustible dust. b) Class III, Division 2. A Class III, Division 2 location
is a location in which easily ignitible fibers are stored
or handled.