SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT

SYSTEM

Project Report

by

AABHA GAJUREL
2015UEC1020
ARUN SIDDHARTH
2015UEC1283
VAIBHAV BHARTI
2015UEC1287
JAIPAL SINGH
2015UEC1311

Under the guidance of

Dr. D. BOOLCHANDANI
( PROFESSOR , MNIT )

Electronics & Communication Engineering

Department
Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur
Dec 2018
Contents
1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 2

2 INTERNET OF THINGS 3

3 BASIC IDEA 4

4 OBJECTIVES 5

5 PRODUCT FEATURES 6

6 REQUIREMENTS 9
6.1 Hardware Side: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
6.2 Software Side : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

7 WORKING 13
7.1 Hardware Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
7.2 UI Side . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

8 APPLICATION 17

9 CONCLUSION 18

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1 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction that accompanies the success of this project would be

incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, without
whose constant guidance and encouragement would have made efforts go
in vain.We consider ourselves privileged to express gratitude and respect
towards all those who guided us through the completion of this project.

We would like to thank Dr. D. Boolchandani Sir for his contin-

uous support and guidance during the course of the project . We thank
him for providing necessary feedback and dedicating his precious tie in
reviewing the reports and presentation slides at each step.

We would also like to extend our gratitude towards Dr. Tarun

Verma Sir for giving us such a great oppurtunity to learn and grow .

(Group 21)
AABHA GAJUREL
ARUN SIDDHARTH
VAIBHAV BHARTI
JAIPAL SINGH

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2 INTERNET OF THINGS

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a concept in which surrounding ob-

jects are connected through wired and wireless networks without user
intervention. In the field of IoT, the objects communicate and exchange
information to provide advanced intelligent services for users.

This project deals with the problem of Waste management in smart

cities, where the garbage collection system is not optimized. This project
enables the organizations to meet their needs of smart garbage manage-
ment system. This system allows the user to know the fill level of each
garbage bin in a locality or city at all time, to give a cost effective and
time saving route to the truck drivers.

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3 BASIC IDEA

Creative waste management strategies can play a critical role in helping

cities improve their energy efficiency and become more sustainable in the
long-term.Most people wouldn’t think of trash as a major root of these
problems. Despite this, utilizing innovative waste management strategies
can be a surprisingly effective way to address these complex issues all at
once.

Mostly in smart cities, the garbage bins are Underutilized and the
collection system is not optimized well. If the waste is compressed reg-
ularly it could lead to significantly higher storage of waste in the same
volume of Bin and if garbage collection is efficient it will lead to lesser
numbers of pickup turns and improved efficiency.

This will ensure efficient use of bins leading to proper waste man-
agement in cities.

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4 OBJECTIVES

The key objectives of this project are as follows :

1. The proposed system would be able to automate the solid waste

monitoring process and management of the overall collection process
using IOT (Internet of Things).

2. The Proposed system consist of main subsystems namely Smart

Trash System(STS) and Smart Monitoring and Controlling Hut(SMCH).

3. In the proposed system, whenever the waste bin gets filled this is
acknowledged by placing the circuit at the waste bin, which transmits
it to the receiver at the desired place in the area or spot.

4. In the proposed system, the received signal indicates the waste bin
status at the monitoring and controlling system.

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5 PRODUCT FEATURES

With the web application, the administrator will be able to search for
dustbins. The result will be based on the criteria the user inputs. There
are several search criteria and it will be possible for the administrator of
the system to manage the options for those criteria that have that.

The result of the search will be viewed either in a list view or in

a map view, depending on what criteria included in the search.The ad-
ministrator will be able to either select a dustbin as target destination
or get information how to get there, or view the information of a specific
dustbin.

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 The web portal will provide functionality to manage the system and
the dustbin information. It will also provide information about the sys-
tem, for example show when there is a new update(detection level).

A list of possible stakeholders of the system and brief de-

scription of their needs, business rules, possibilities and connec-
tions with others is presented below:

• City administration needs understanding of the big picture, generat-

ing reports, control over pricing etc.
• District administrations are interested in controlling the process of waste
collection, checking quality of service (all waste collected, all in time,
waste collected cleanly, waste transported to special places), quick and
legal ways for solving disputes and problems.
• Municipalities can also deploy and maintain smart city infrastructure
like capacity sensors in waste bins and wireless networks for data trans-
ferring.
• Waste trucks owning companies need platform for organizing and opti-
mization of their business process in general without serious investments
in developing, deploying and supporting their own system. Such system
must include effective dynamic routing based on IOT data for the truck
fleet. Besides, controlling drivers and tracking the fleet is also an impor-
tant issue.
• Waste truck drivers need navigation system for fulfilling their tasks.
Another issue is reporting problems and passing them to the operators
in the office instead of thinking how to solve the problem, this can suffi-
ciently save time of a driver and vehicle. Drivers also need evidence that

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their work was done correctly and cleanly.
• Managers of dumps and recycling factories can publish their possibili-
ties or needs in acquiring certain amount of waste for storing or recycling.
• Staff that is responsible for trash bins in the current yards needs com-
munications with waste management companies and truck drivers.

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6 REQUIREMENTS

6.1 Hardware Side:

Arduino Uno
Arduino Uno is a micro controller board. It has 14 digital input/ output
pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a 16
MHz quartz crystal, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header
and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the micro
controller; simply connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it
with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get started. You can tinker with

Figure 1: Arduino Uno

your UNO without worrying too much about doing something wrong,
worst case scenario you can replace the chip for a few dollars and start
over again.

Ultrasonic Sensor
The Ultrasonic Sensor( HC -SR 04 )sends out a high-frequency sound
pulse and then times how long it takes for the echo of the sound to reflect
back. The sensor has 2 openings on its front. One opening transmits
ultrasonic waves, (like a tiny speaker), the other receives them, (like a

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tiny microphone).The speed of sound is approximately 341 meters (1100
feet) per second in air. The ultrasonic sensor uses this information along

Figure 2: Ultrasonic Sensor - HC-SR04

with the time difference between sending and receiving the sound pulse
to determine the distance to an object.

Wi-Fi Module
The (ESP8266) WiFi Module is a self contained SOC with integrated
TCP/IP protocol stack that can give any micro controller access to your
WiFi network. The ESP8266 is capable of either hosting an application or
offloading all Wi-Fi networking functions from another application proces-
sor. Each ESP8266 module comes pre-programmed with an AT command

Figure 3: ESP8266- WiFi Module

set firmware, meaning, you can simply hook this up to your Arduino de-
vice and get about as much WiFi-ability as a WiFi Shield offers.

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 Breadboard
A breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. In
the 1970’s the solder less breadboard (AKA plug board, a terminal array
board) became available and nowadays the term “breadboard” is com-
monly used to refer to these. “Breadboard” is also a synonym for “proto-
type”. Because the solder less breadboard does not require soldering, it
is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes
and experimenting with circuit design.

Jumper Wires A jump wire is an electrical wire or group of them in

a cable with a connector or pin at each end (or sometimes without them –
simply “tinned”), which is normally used to interconnect the components
of a breadboard or other prototype or test circuit, internally or with other
equipment or components, without soldering.

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6.2 Software Side :

Arduino IDE
The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and
upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The
environment is written in Java and based on Processing and other open-
source software. This software can be used with any Arduino board. It
contains a text editor for writing code, a message area, a text console, a
toolbar with buttons for common functions and a series of menus.

Web Server
A Web server is a program that uses Hypertext Transfer Protocol to serve
the files that form Web pages to users, in response to their requests, which
are forwarded by their computers’ HTTP clients. Dedicated computers
and appliances may be referred to as Web servers as well.

Thingspeak
ThingSpeak is a free web service that lets you collect and store sensor data
in the cloud and develop Internet of Things applications. The ThingSpeak
web service provides apps that let you analyze and visualize your data in
MATLAB, and then act on the data.We can easily manage huge data in
JSON format.

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7 WORKING

7.1 Hardware Side

1. At Hardware Side, I have employed an Ultrasonic Sensor to know the

fill % of dustbin and upload it to cloud. Further, data is uploaded
to channel only if there is significant change.

2. On the basis of this Fill %, we can also run compactor, fill % is more
than 45-55%. However, I wasn’t able to implement this here.

3. We can employ two or more HC-SR04 and take average instead of

one sensor in order to avoid false alarms due to non-uniformity.

4. I have assigned bin Id to each smartbin. So, we can manage the bins
easily, and saving cost of GPS sensor (around 1000/- Rs.).

Figure 4: Circuit board

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7.2 UI Side

On Espha(website) side, I have at first made a secure login/register

system with OAuth verification. On login, we have two options one to
show bins, add bins, delete bins and another to create a route on basis of
fill % of bins.

Few snippets of which are :

Figure 5: View of show dustbin

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 Figure 6: View of add/delete bins

Figure 7: Adding Starting Point of Bins.

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Figure 8: Getting optimum path.

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8 APPLICATION

The project designed is a part of the implication that can be used to

improve the waste management of a locality. All the technical aspects
have been thoroughly designed keeping all the constraints in mind. The
project resolves around whether the project will be able to meet the future
needs of the users.

This project based on IOT gives user the freedom of changing hard-
ware as well as software specifications as per the arising need. IOT based
projects are already designed while keeping future demands in mind and
in rising economy like India where the concept of smart cities is new the
demand of our project will keep on increasing. This project here is a
model of the large scale application which spans pan India in different
smart cities.

Implementation of this project has been divided into various phases.

Starting from the metropolitan cities and moving towards the concept of
smart cities, it will also cover small town and tier III cities in later phases.
At present, we are here to display the live working of the model and give
an idea about the actual implications.

For any society to flourish, it is manifestly important that they re-

main fair and orderly. Deciding how best to ensure this, in light of the
huge growth in both the uptake and complexity of technology that has
occurred in the last decade, and which can be expected to continue in the
next, this here is one of the product that can be used to contribute to the
better management of waste and increase efficiency of resources.

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9 CONCLUSION

Public can also view the collection rates and which is the nearest empty
bin to their house. Growing Smart Cities could be a huge potential market
for such systems.

Cost of this system is about 847( esp, uno and hc -sr04 ).We can
further use Compactor system( for utilizing the best possible space of the
bin ).

This is an initiative to take the Swachh Bharat campaign to the next

level.Hence we can contribute to this campaign as well .

Link to our website:

http://espha.000webhostapp.com/login.php

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