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PACE
Pipeline Analysis & Calculation Environment

Pipe Selection

PE Pipe Type: PE4710 DIPS 10" DR17

DI Pipe Type: DI DIPS 10" Thickness = 0.26"
PVC Pipe Type: PVC12454-B CIOD 10" DR18

Input Summary

Pipeline Length 1000 ft

Design Velocity for Recurring Surge 4 ft/s
Design Velocity for Occasional Surge 8 ft/s
Anticipated Recurring Surges 55 per day
Temperature 57 degrees Fahrenheit
Working Pressure 70 psi
Minimum Design Life 100 years

Calculated Results

Standard AWWA-C906 AWWA-C151 AWWA-C900

Resin PE4710 DI PVC12454-B
Pipe Rating at 57°F 125 350 235
Working Pressure (no surge) Check OK OK OK
Nominal OD [in] DIPS 10 DIPS 10 CIOD 10
Dimension Ratio / Thickness 17 0.26 18
Average Inside Diameter [in] 9.72 10.46 9.79

Recur. Occas. Recur. Occas. Recur. Occas.

Flow Rate [gpm] 924 1,849 1,070 2,140 939 1,878
Head Loss [psi] 2.0 7.4 2.1 7.7 2.0 7.3
Surge Pressure [psi] 45 90 204 408 70 139
Total Pressure [psi] 115 160 274 478 140 209
Allow. Total Press. (with surge) [psi] 188 250 450 450 235 376
Surge Pressure Check OK OK OK x OK OK
8 6
Number of Cycles To Failure 9.2 x 10 N/A 2.3 x 10
Design Fatigue Life [years; SF = 2] >100 N/A 58
Design Fatigue Life Check OK N/A x

Additional Design Parameters

Dynamic Elastic Modulus [psi]: 150,000 24,000,000 400,000

Hydrostatic Design Stress [psi]: 1,000 N/A 2,000
Temperature Derating Factor: 1 1 1
Hazen-Williams Factor: 150 140 150

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Calculation Procedures

PPI-PACE is an online tool developed by eTrenchless Group Inc. that follows the design procedures in
well-established and accepted water standards (ANSI/AWWA C150/151, ANSI/AWWA C900, ANSI/AWWA C901,
ANSI/AWWA C905, ANSI/AWWA C906, ANSI/ASTM D2241).
Per the recent AWWA and ANSI approvals of AWWA C906-15, the Hydrostatic Design Stress (HDS) of PE4710 is
1000 psi.
Users can change the default values per project requirements.
For Recurring Surge, PPI-PACE defaults to 4 fps for design velocity; the software allows for a 4-8 fps range.
For Occasional Surge, PPI-PACE defaults to 8 fps for design velocity; the software allows for a 5-15 fps range.
For Working Pressure, PPI-PACE defaults to 70 psi - which is the average working pressure in the US. The
minimum allowable value in PPI-PACE is 40 psi.
For Anticipated Recurring Surges, PPI-PACE defaults to 55 cycles per day per AWWA C900-07 and AWWA
C905-10 (Appendix B/Design Example); this results in about 1 million cycles for a 50-year design life and about 2
million cycles for a 100-year design life. It was recommended by one consultant to design for 3.5 million cycles or
96 cycles per day at a 100-year design life. The minimum allowable value in PPI-PACE is the default 55
cycles/day.
For Temperature, PPI-PACE defaults to 57°F which is the average water temperature in the US; the software
allows 40-100°F; consult the manufacturer for other temperatures.
For Minimum Design Life, PPI-PACE defaults to 100 years; the software allows a minimum recommended design
life of 50 years.
For Help, refer to Resistance of PE4710 Piping to Pressure Surge Events in Force Main Applications, PP XVI,
Barcelona, 2012 and to UK Water Industry IGN 4-37-02 Design Against Surge and Fatigue Conditions for
Thermoplastic Pipes
The definition of pressure rating and pressure class differ between the implemented standards (AWWA C900,
AWWA C905, AWWA C906, ASTM F714, ASTM D2241). The calculations on this site, provided by eTrenchless
Inc., provide an unbiased interpretation of these standards so that an equivalent comparison of pipe materials can
be conducted.
Temperature derating factors for PE pipe in AWWA-M55 are limited to 100°F with a reference to manufacturers
literature for temperatures greater than 100°F. ASTM F714 (PE) and AWWA-M23 (PVC) publishes temperature
derating factors up to 140°F but these higher temperatures are not included in this design tool.
The design fatigue life for PVC is determined using the calculation method stated in AWWA C900 and
C905 Appendix B using a 2:1 design factor. Data from tests with PE 4710 pipe are consistent with the
UKWIR and Marshall/Brogden reports; see above reference and link to PP XVI Barcelona, 2012. For PE
the design fatigue life is determined using fatigue curves provided in Marshall, G.P., Brogden, S: Final report of
Pipeline Innovation Contract to UKWIR, 1997 using a 2:1 design factor. For additional information on
fatigure life and flow velocies see the Jana Laboratories report here. The design fatigue life of Ductile Iron (DI)
pipe is not shown in PPI-PACE since these calculations are not available or referenced in the DI AWWA
Standards or Manuals.
Pressure rating should be reduced for systems operating under special or unusual conditions or where the pipe
transports fluids that are known to have some degrading effect on the properties of polyethylene or where
specified in Codes or Regulations or by the authority having jurisdiction. Water is the assumed transport fluid on
PPI-PACE.
Occasional transients caused by emergency pump and valve operations are usually severe. The system should
be designed to withstand positive and negative pressures caused by these emergency operations. Water column
separation may occur if the negative pressure is reduced to the vapor pressure of the liquid. Rejoining of the
separated water column typically results in a large pressure rise, which will possibly damage the pipe system.
Whenever possible, water column separation should be avoided
These are preliminary calculations for product comparison only, not for final design. Qualified professionals should
be contracted to consider all aspects of the design for pressure pipe design.

For more information contact support@ppipace.com

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TERMS OF USE

This website is constructed to assist water distribution professionals in the selection of their product pipe by providing a pressure pipe design tool
that is consistent with the existing standards. For polyethylene pipe, AWWA-M55 "PE Pipe - Design and Installation", ASTM F714-10 "Standard
Specification for Polyethylene (PE) Plastic Pipe (SDR-PR) Based on Outside Diameter", AWWA C901-08 "AWWA Standard for Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Pipe and Tubing, ½ In. (13 mm) through 3 In. (76 mm), for Water Service", and AWWA C906-15 "AWWA Standard for Polyethylene (PE)
Pressure Pipe and Fittings, 4 In. Through 65 In. (100 mm Through 1,650 mm), for Waterworks" are the applicable documents. For polyvinyl-chloride
pipe (PVC), AWWA-M23 "PVC Pipe - Design and Installation", ANSI/AWWA C900-07 "AWWA Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe
and Fabricated Fittings, 4 In. Through 12 In. (100 mm Through 300 mm), for Water Transmission and Distribution", AWWA C905-10 "AWWA
Standard for Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pressure Pipe and Fabricated Fittings, 14 In. Through 48 In. (350 mm Through 1,200 mm)", and ASTM
D2241-05 "Standard Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Pressure-Rated Pipe (SDR Series)" are the applicable documents. For ductile iron
pipe (DI), AWWA-C150-14 "Thickness of Ductile Iron Pipe" and AWWA C151-09 "Ductile-Iron Pipe, Centrifugally Cast" are the applicable documents

This website is developed by eTrenchless Group Inc and PPI with technical input from PPI members.

The information provided on this website is offered in good faith and believed to be accurate at the time of its preparation, but is offered "as is"
without any express or implied warranty, including WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Information is offered to the user only for consideration and all users must fulfill their own compliance when using this information from this website.
PPI and eTrenchless Group Inc. assumes no responsibility for regulatory compliance or compliance data.

PPI and eTrenchless will improve and revise this website based on users comments and industry developments. Please send user comments to
{mailto address="support@ppipace.com"}. Information on other publications can be obtained by contacting ASTM, AWWA, PPI or eTrenchless
directly or visiting the web site.

PPI and its members develop quality products by assisting independent standards-making and user organizations in the development of standards,
and also by developing reports on an industry-wide basis to help engineers, code officials, specifying groups, and users.

The Plastics Pipe Institute, Inc.

http://www.plasticpipe.org

eTrenchless Group Inc.

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Email: {mailto address="info@etrenchless.com"}

Last Updated: May 15, 2015

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