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Chapter-1: Vissj Govt Polytechnic Bhadravathi
Chapter-1: Vissj Govt Polytechnic Bhadravathi
CHAPTER-1
1.1INTRODUCTION
The project is about the conversion of single phase into three phase for drive utility. In
addition to this the drive also performs the functions like running the three phase induction
motor in forward direction, reverse direction, and in constant speed (jog). Also the drive is
able to sense the fault and issue the alarm signal.
Most commercial and industrial electrical equipment requires three phase power based on
electrical demand of heavy manufacturing population and general industry. In rural areas or
commercial office building that were not originally designed to support heavy manufacturing
utilities do not install three phase power because the cost is significantly more than single
phase installation.
For many years, people have been using different technology to generate three phase power
from single-phase supply sources. Common technology include rotary phase converter, static
converters and variable frequency drives. As initial investment costs of VLT drive have
lowered and product reliability has increased, more users are turning to VLT drive as the best
solution to convert single-phase motor applications to three-phase, because their process
demands have changed requiring variable speed control. Common applications utilizing VLT
drive with single-phase input are submersible well pumps, centrifugal pumps, irrigation
systems, fountain systems, and pump jacks [1].
In this project one such drive as VLTmicro drive is used as controller for three phase motor.
CHAPTER-2
This chapter discuss the features, benefits, performance, protection, safety instruction,
An AC drive is a device that is used to control the speed of an electrical motor. The speed is
controlled by changing the frequency of the electrical supply to the motor. The three-phase
voltage in national electrical grid connected to a motor creates a rotating magnetic field in it.
High quality components and genuine VLT® SOLUTIONS MAKES VLT® micro drive
extremely reliable. Important features of the drive is listed below.
BRIDGE RECTIFIER - rectifies the incoming single phase AC power and converts in
to DC
CAPACITOR - provides a smooth rectified DC voltage.
IGBT’S- The basic working principle of inverter is switching the DC on and off. The
switching is control to vary the frequency of simulated AC that is applied to the motor.
AC motor characteristics require the applied voltage to be proportionally adjusted by
the VLT whenever the frequency is changed.
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2.4.HIGH PERFORMANCE
Despite the compact size and the easy commissioning, VLT® micro drive can be setup to
perform perfectly even in complex application set-ups. Approximately 100parameters can
be set to optimize energy efficiency and operation.
2.5.PROTECTIONAL FEATURES
When a motor phase is missing, the frequency converter trips and issues an alarm.
When a mains phase is missing, the frequency converter trips or issues a warning
(depending on the load).
Monitoring of the DC-link voltages ensures that the frequency converter trips when the
DC- link voltage is too low or too high.
The frequency converter is protected against ground faults on motor terminals U, V, W.
2.6.SAFETY INSTRUCTION
2.7.ADVANTAGES OF AC DRIVES
2.8.DISADVANTAGES OF AC DRIVES
2.9.APPLICATION OF AC DRIVE
HVAC systems
Water supply pump in power plant
Boiler feed pump
Energy saving on condensing water pump
Hotel air conditioning fans
Variable flow hydronic system
Condensing pump of power generator
Pumps on pressure booster system
CHAPTER-3
This chapter discuss the drive interfacing, connecting mains and motors, estimation, testing and
troubleshoot.
Fig3.1.drive interfacing
The above figure shows the drive interfacing, the bridge rectifier converts AC input to DC
current and then simulates AC output since the output is conditioned by the VLT micro dive.
The electronics of the VLT micro drive will step up single phase current during the conversion
process. To do this, input power is first converted to DC current using bridge rectifier, and then
converted to the desired output current using capacitor and diodes. The DC supply which is fed
to the inverter converts DC supply into AC supply in the form of three wire, that is three phase
supply. After the conversion the three phase supply is given to load which is three phase
induction motor. A 3 phase motor is simply attaches to the appropriate output connectors of the
VLT micro drive.
The frequency converter is designed to operate all standard 3-phased induction motors. The
frequency converter is designed to accept mains /motor cable
Status
Navigation keys
[back]: for moving to the previous steps or layers in the navigation structure.
[ꓥ] [ꓦ]: for manoeuvring between parameter groups, parameter and within parameters.
[ok]: for selecting a parameter and for accepting changes to parameter settings.
Pressing [ꓥ] [ꓦ]: to change value. Press[ok] to shift between digits quikly.
To exit adjust mode, press [ok] more than 1 again with changes savings or press [back] without
changes saving.
Operational keys
A yellow indicator light above the operation keys indicates the active key.
[hand on]: starts the motor and enables control of the frequency converter via the LCP.
[Auto on]: the frequency converter is controlled either via control terminals or serial
communication.
[potentiometer ](LCP12): the potentiometer works in 2 ways depending on the mode in which
the frequency converter is running.
3.3.FABRICATION
The panel boards of wood is cut in the size required by the stand, drive, motor,
terminals, switch.
The panel boards then fixed to the stand with bolts and nuts.
All the materials are assembled in right places in the board.
VLT micro drive is fitted in the board.
After, the installation of all equipments and materials as shown in below diagram.
Forward rotation
Reverse rotation
Constant rotation (jog)
Alarm
3.5.ESTIMATION OF PROJECT
Estimation is nothing but before carrying out a work it is necessary to know probable cost of
materials and labour cost.
4 Alarm no 1 40 40
5 SP Switch nos 2 20 40
7 Screw nos 3 5 15
8 Bushes nos 4 5 20
3.6.TESTING
In this section the testing of micro drive have been carried out and the observation are recorded
for the below testing
Forward rotation
Reverse rotation
Constant rotation (jog)
Alarm
The direction of the motor shaft rotates in clock wise direction then it is known as forward
direction.
The below figure shows the flow chart of the forward rotation.
Make the connection from pin 12 and 18 and then connect to the forward switch
Switch on the power supply
In drive Set up 5-10(8)
Press OK button
Run in forward direction
The direction of the motor shaft rotates in anti-clock direction is known as reverse rotation.
The below figure shows the flow chart of the reverse rotation.
The motor shaft rotates in same(constant) speed without change in speed is known as constant
rotation (jog), this type of rotation is mainly used in conveyors.
When the fault occur the drive sense the fault and gives the signal is known as the alarm
signal`
m lock
2 Live zero error X X Signal on terminal 53 or 60 is less than
50% of the value set in:
Parameter 6-10 terminal 53 low
voltage
Parameter 6-12 terminal 53 low
current
Parameter 6-22 terminal 54 low
current
4 Mains phase loss” X X X Missing phase on supply side, or too high
voltage imbalance check supply voltage.
7 DC over voltage” X X DC link voltage exceeds the limit.
8 DC under voltage” X X DC link voltage drops below the voltage
warning limit.
9 Inverter overloaded X X More than 100% load for too long.
10 Motor thermistor over X X Motor is too hot. The load has exceeded
temperature 100%for too long.
11 Motor ETR over X X Thermistor or thermistor connection is
temperature disconnected.
12 Torque limit X Torque exceeds value set in either
parameter 4-16 torque limit motor made or
4-17 torque limit generator mode.
13 Overcurrent X X X Inverter peak current limit is exceeded.
14 Ground fault X X X Discharge from output phases to ground.
16 Short circuit X X Short circuit in motor or an motor
terminals.
17 Control word time-out X X No communication to frequency converter.
25 Brake resistor short- X X Brake resistor is short-circuited, thus the
circuited brake function is disconnected.
27 Brake chopper short- X X Brake transistor is short-circuited ,thus the
circuited brake function is disconnected.
28 Brake check X Brake resistor is not connected /working.
29 Power board over temp X X X Heat sink cut-out temperature has been
reached.
30 Motor phase u missing X X Motor phase u is missing. check the phase.
31 Motor phase v missing X X Motor phase v is missing. check the phase.
32 Motor phase w missing X X Motor phase w is missing,. Check the
phase.
38 Internal fault X X Contact local Danfoss supplier.
44 Ground fault X X Discharge from output phases to ground
47 Control voltage fault X X 24 V DC is overloaded.
51 AMA check u X Wrong setting for motor voltage and/or
CHAPTER4
CONCLUSION
VLT micro drive helps to save energy in many application. It is a power conversion device. It
coverts a basic fixed frequency to a variable frequency, variable voltage output. This fixed
output voltage is used to control the speed of induction motors. Primary function of a VLT
micro drive in a aquatic application is to provide energy saving. It enables the motor to run in
forward direction, reverse direction, constant speed(jog).
REFERENCE:-
[1] www.invertekdrives.com