DP10 G

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page

X-G 1 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
ENGINEERING PROPRIETARY INFORMATION — For Authorized Company Use Only December, 1996
Changes shown by
CONTENTS
Section Page
SCOPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Design Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
International Practices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Other References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
BACKGROUND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Methods of Shaft Sealing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Mechanical Seal Operation and Arrangement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Packed Stuffing Boxes Versus Mechanical Seals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Seal Specification Procedures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
General Instructions and Information (GII) Content . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Seal Arrangement Versus Sealing Control Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Sealing Control Level Versus Respiratory Exposure Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Preferred Application of Bearing Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Vertical Pump Flushing Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Owner Preferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Design Specification Pump Data Sheet Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Fluid Boiling Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Aromatics in the Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Polymerizing Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Suction Exposed to Vacuum? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Sealing Method and API Seal Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
API Seal Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Sealing Control Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Respiratory Exposure Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Flushing System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
API Flush and Quench Plan(s) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Special Seal Features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
NOMENCLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Table 1 Sealing Control Level Versus Accepted Seal Arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Table 2 Respiratory Exposure Class Versus Sealing Control Level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Figure 1 Typical Mechanical Seal and Packing Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Figure 2 Typical External Flushing System for Mechanical Seals (API Plan 32) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Figure 3 Typical Pressurized Dual Mechanical Seal Barrier Fluid System (API Plan 54) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 2 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
December, 1996 PROPRIETARY INFORMATION — For Authorized Company Use Only ENGINEERING
Revision Memo
12/94 This is a complete revision to incorporate the use of Sealing Control Level, Respiratory Exposure Level and Version 2.0 of
PC Program SealExx logic.
12/96 Reused seal specification procedure to include seal type on pump data sheet. Added consideration of job seal test to Design
Specification development. Included API flush and quench plan on data sheet. Removed option of contractor using SealExx.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 3 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
SCOPE
This subsection provides the background required to specify shaft sealing systems for centrifugal and rotary pumps. Sealing
systems to minimize worker exposure, mitigate safety concerns and reduce fugitive emissions are included. Final design of the
attendant sealing systems is performed during detail engineering after a pump is selected. However, many details of the desired
seal and support systems should be included in the Design Specification.
In specifying a sealing system, the designer must address those Job Specification issues which require that the purchaser make
a decision or provide additional information. Sealing system specifications are contained in International Practices 10-1-1 and
10-1-3. These International Practices include the requirements of API Standard 610 (Centrifugal Pumps – IP 10-1-1) and
API Standard 682 (Sealing Systems – IP 10-1-3). Seals for rotary pumps (IP 10-2-2) are not specified to be in accordance with
IP 10-1-3 or API 682 but may be selected in accordance with these documents if required by the Owner. In addition, the personal
computer program SealExx (CPEE-42) is referenced as the primary method for selection of sealing system details.
REFERENCES
DESIGN PRACTICES
Section X Pumps, Subsections A, B, C, F, and H
Section XVIII-B2 Guidelines and Considerations for Industrial Hygiene
INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES
IP 3-3-10 Strainers for Mechanical Equipment
IP 10-1-1 Centrifugal Pumps
IP 10-1-3 Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
IP 10-2-2 Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary
OTHER REFERENCES
CPEE-42, Seal Selection PC Program SealExx, Version 2.0
ER&E Manual TMEE-23, Pump Sealing Technology Manual
Exxon Biomedical Sciences Report MR.19DQ.93, Equipment Selection Matrix for Industrial Hygiene Design Review
API Standard 610 – Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services
API Standard 682 – Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
BACKGROUND
GENERAL
The practical problem of sealing a centrifugal or rotary pump is primarily one of pump mechanical design and project detail
engineering. The reasons for considering shaft sealing during the plant design phase are:
1. Pump shaft sealing has a significant impact on plant safety, worker exposure, fugitive emissions and reliability.
2. Some shaft sealing systems need auxiliary streams for flushing and process stream isolation which should be selected during
the process design phase.
3. Certain process services require special shaft sealing features which may impact the plant and process design.
METHODS OF SHAFT SEALING
The original method of sealing the rotating shaft of a pump was to fill the annulus between the shaft and inside of a stuffing box
with braided rope or metallic foil packing rings (Figure 1D). However, virtually all services (except firewater and sump pumps) in
a modern plant now use either mechanically sealed or sealless pumps.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 4 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
BACKGROUND (Cont)
Sealless pumps are devices which transmit pumping energy across a stationary pressure boundary usually by electromagnetic
or magnetic fields or flexing of a mechanical component. There are three basic styles of sealless pumps: canned motor, magnetic
drive and diaphragm pumps.
1. Canned motor sealless pumps contain the pump impeller, shaft, motor rotor and bearings in a pressurized housing. Surrounding
this housing are the motor windings. A second sealed housing then surrounds these windings. This second housing provides
inherent “secondary containment” in the event of failure of the inner pressurized housing. The pumped fluid lubricates all
bearings and cools the motor. The only perforation of the pressure housing is for the motor electrical leads which are stationary.
No shaft seals are required.
2. Magnetic drive sealless pumps also contain the pump impeller, shaft, rotating magnets and bearings in a pressurized
housing. Rotating outside this housing are powerful magnets which form a magnetic coupling with the inner magnets. The
pump is driven by a conventional external motor. Magnetic drive sealless pumps can be either centrifugal or positive
displacement (rotary vane, gear, screw, etc.). The major difference compared to a canned motor pump is that the rotating
outer magnets are driven by a conventional shaft and motor. Should the inner pressurized housing fail, pumpage would leak
to the environment. To obtain secondary containment with a magnetic drive pump, a conventional mechanical seal is used
on the shaft with the rotating outer magnets.
3. Sealless Diaphragm pumps are reciprocating machines which flex a diaphragm (mechanically or hydraulically) to cause the
pumping action due to check valves on the inlet and outlet. There are no pressure housing perforations and no shaft seals
are required.
For additional information on sealless and diaphragm pumps, see Sections X-C and X-F and TMEE-23, Pump Sealing
Technology Manual.
MECHANICAL SEAL OPERATION AND ARRANGEMENT

Sealing action in a mechanical seal is accomplished by the contact of a rotating seal ring rubbing against a stationary seal ring or
by a small but defined gap between two seal rings and injection of a barrier medium (liquid or vapor) which flows into the pumpage.
Both systems employ the construction features shown in Figure 1A.
The faces of the seal rings are in a plane perpendicular to the shaft and are made extremely flat and smooth. The rotating and
stationary seal rings are sealed against the shaft sleeve and gland plate by secondary sealing elements in the form of o-rings, flat
gaskets or graphite rings. Some axial compliance of one of the rings is needed to allow for shaft motion and wear of the face. In
a pusher seal, this is accomplished through springs which position one of the faces and help keep the faces together. In a pusher
seal the secondary sealing element must slide along the sleeve or in the gland. In a bellows seal, axial motion is allowed by
stretching or compressing the bellows which also serves as the spring. The secondary sealing elements do not slide in a bellows
seal. Pusher seals are generally used for temperatures below 350_F (176_C) due to temperature limits on the secondary seals
while bellows seals are generally used above this temperature having graphite ring secondary sealing elements.
Mechanical seals can be used with different back-up devices to form an “arrangement”. In general, the arrangements consist of
a single seal with a restrictive backup bushing, with an abeyant backup seal or with another mechanical seal in series. The restrictive
seal is a bushing which maintains a fixed clearance to the shaft and thereby restricts the leakage of process fluid in the event of
primary seal failure. It does not change clearance when pressurized and does not provide a positive seal in the event of primary
seal failure. Restrictive bushings can be fixed relative to the housing (having the largest clearance) or they can be radially floating
(having much lower clearance) or segmented and floating (having almost no clearance).
The abeyant design looks like a mechanical seal (two faces) but provides a tight seal only when energized by pressure due to failure
of the primary seal. A non-contacting abeyant seal spends most of its life with a small gap between the two faces which close when
pressurized. A contacting abeyant has the two face very lightly in contact all the time and then closes more tightly when pressurized.
Abeyant seals provide leak free operation but only for a limited time when the primary seal fails. Life ranges from minutes to hours
depending on the seal design and pressure.
When two, complete mechanical seals are used the arrangement is called a dual seal. Both seals have the same pressure,
temperature and operating life capability (in contrast to the abeyant seal which has reduced life capability). Dual seals also utilize
a medium between the two seals. When this medium is at a pressure that is lower than the process pressure being sealed in the
pump, the arrangement is called an “Unpressurized Dual Seal”, Figure 1B. In this design the medium is called a “buffer fluid” and
serves to cool and lubricate the atmospheric side seal while diluting the small but normal leakage from the inner or primary seal.
Designs are now available where the buffer fluid can be a gas (nitrogen) and the outer seal normally runs dry.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 5 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
BACKGROUND (Cont)
When the medium between the two seals it at a pressure that is higher than the process pressure in the pump, the arrangement
is called a “Pressurized Dual Seal”, Figure 1C. The medium between the seals is called a “barrier fluid” in this case because being
at higher pressure than in the pump, it forms a barrier to leakage and a small amount flows into the pumpage. Designs are now
available where the barrier fluid is a gas (nitrogen) and both the inner and outer seals operate with a small but defined clearance.
These gas barrier pressurized dual seals are particularly effective in streams which contain polymerizing agents or solids and where
contamination of the process stream with a liquid is not acceptable. However, they have limited pressure and temperature capability
and are large in size.
When a dual seal utilizes a liquid as the barrier or buffer fluid, the liquid is circulated from the seal, through a reservoir and back
to the seal. The reservoir provides a point for instrumentation connections to detect failure of either seal (high or low pressure
or level as specified in IP 10-1-3), cooling of the fluid and connection to either a collection system (for an unpressurized dual
seal) or a pressure source (pressurized dual seal). The design of these reservoirs and systems is covered in IP 10-1-3. For
an unpressurized dual seal the reservoir and piping is called an API Plan 52 flush and for a pressurized dual seal is termed
an API Plan 53 flush. For pressurized dual seals an external fluid may also be circulated through the seal. This fluid may be
from a circulating seal oil skid such as shown in Figure 3 or may be a process fluid at suitable pressure and temperature. Both
methods are called API Plan 54. These systems are designed during detail engineering.
The different seal arrangements discussed above provide varying levels of pumped fluid containment when the primary seal fails.
The term “Sealing Control Level” is used to describe seal arrangements having similar containment characteristics. Table 1
provides a summary of the six Sealing Control Levels and the seal arrangements (both default and options) corresponding to each
level. As the Sealing Control Level increases, the amount of leakage to the environment upon failure of the primary seal decreases
while the cost and complexity of the system generally increases. Control Levels also include specific instrumentation and monitoring
requirements.
PACKED STUFFING BOXES VERSUS MECHANICAL SEALS

The packed stuffing box is the simplest type of shaft seal, Figure 1D. It consists of a stuffing box cavity with a restrictive “throat”
bushing at the pumpage end, several rings of packing, a hollow spacer or lantern ring, several more rings of packing and a follower
or gland. The lantern ring provides a point to inject external fluid in order to cool and lubricate the packing and provide better sealing
in vacuum services. A slight continuous leakage is required between the packing and shaft for lubrication. Leakage ranges from
0.5 to 5 gal/hr (0.0019 m3/hr to 0.019 m3/hr) depending on fluid characteristics, pump mechanical condition and the type and
adjustment of the packing.
Compared to packing, mechanical seals offer the following benefits:
1. Reduced worker exposure.

2. Reduced product loss.
3. Lower maintenance cost and effort.
4. Fewer unplanned pump shutdowns for maintenance.
5. Reduced fire potential.
6. Reduced emissions.
7. Reduced housekeeping.
8. Reduced power consumption.
Packing is no longer recommended for hydrocarbon services primarily due to the continuous leakage required. The only service
for which packing may be required is firewater pumps. The contractor is responsible for ensuring all pumps meet applicable codes
and must add packing for firewater pumps if this is required.
SEAL SPECIFICATION PROCEDURES

The specification of mechanical seals consists of the following steps and documentation. Each item will be further described below:
– API 610 and API 682 form the primary governing documents.
– IP 10-1-1 and IP 10-1-3 provide general Exxon modifications to the API specifications.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 6 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
BACKGROUND (Cont)
– Development of a job specific GII (General Instructions and Information Specification) to indicate Owner Preferences in addition
to or changing the International Practice. See PC Program SealExx User Manual, Appendix IV for a sample questionnaire
on Owner Seal Preferences.
– Determination of seal and sealing system detailed requirements through use of PC program SealExx or by using an Owner
preferred methodology and inclusion of these requirements on the Pump Data Sheet.
API 610 and API 682 Coverage – These industry standards provide the basis for design of pumps and sealing systems used
in petrochemical application. API 610 covers centrifugal pumps while API 682 provides additional requirements for seals and
sealing systems.
International Practices Coverage – The International Practices provide Owner preferences for those items in their respective API
documents which require a decision to be made. Many aspects of sealing system design are included in the International Practice
and therefore need not be repeated in the Design Specification. They cover piping system details for flush plans, construction details
for dual seal reservoirs and instrumentation and connections for dual seals.
General Instructions and Information (GII) – As usual, the GII must present those items which the Owner wishes to change or
are in addition to the International Practices (or whatever governing specification applies). For seals the GII must contain the items
needed to change the configuration of the PC program SealExx if it is to be used and some Owner preferences differ from SealExx
defaults. The Process Designer prepares the GII based on the information contained in this section and with assistance from
Machinery Specialists to interpret Owner preferences. Note that if no GII is prepared for the project, those items listed in this section
as being appropriate for the GII should be added to the Design Specification itself.
Design Specification – The Design specification should contain both generic sealing information and specific information on the
desired seal and sealing system. Generic items are entered on the Pump Data Sheet (Section X-A and Appendix A of this section)
under the Process Requirements area of the data sheet. Items such as whether the pump contains solids or polymerizing agents,
the fluid boiling range and whether the suction of the pump is exposed to a vacuum fall into this category. The generic information
should be developed and added to the data sheet by the Process Designer along with the Respiratory Exposure Class and Sealing
Control Level.
Specific information on the seal and sealing system are entered under the Design and Construction area of the data sheet. Specific
information includes the API 682 seal type, flushing system, API flush/quench plan and any special seal features. (Inclusion
of these items essentially fixes the selection of the seal taking this responsibility away from the Contractor or NPQC engineer. This
is a departure from past practices where only generic information was provided. However, it greatly reduces the efforts needed later
to check sealing specifications.) The process designer should develop these specific items with assistance as needed from
machinery specialists and add them to the data sheet.
The specific seal and sealing system information may be developed by the Process Designer and/or the Machinery Specialist using
the procedure outlined below. However, it is the responsibility of the lead designer to obtain the necessary Owner input to enable
determination of the specific seal and system requirements. To obtain the Owner input required, a questionnaire such as the one
presented in Appendix IV of the PC program SealExx User Manual (CPEE-042) should be given to the Owner.
The basis for seal and sealing system selection will normally be either:
– ER&E procedure utilizing PC Program SealExx (CPEE-42) modified to include Owner Preference items or
– An Owner specified seal selection practice.
The ER&E procedure combines Owner Preferences (obtained through the use of a questionnaire as described above) with the
default seal selection procedures in SealExx to give all of the information needed to fill out the Pump Data Sheet. The program
should normally be configured by a Machinery Specialist using the results of the Owner Preference Questionnaire. The program
can then be locked and used either by the Process Designer or the Machinery Specialists. A Machinery Specialist should always
review the specific sealing information on each Pump Data Sheet.
An Owner specified seal selection practice is one where the Owner has provided a specific procedure for selecting seals. An
example of this would be the European Seal Selection Handbook. Machinery Specialist input should be obtained to help interpret
Owner practices for seal selection.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 7 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS
SUMMARY
The General Instructions and Information Section (GII) of the Job Specification should provide shaft sealing information
generally related to most project pumping services. When completed, The GII must contain the following items as a minimum. All
these items are discussed in detail later in this section.
1. Table or paragraph listing the specific hardware to be used for each Sealing Control Level.
2. Table or paragraph listing the Sealing Control Level to be used for each Respiratory Exposure Class.
3. Paragraph stating which Sealing Control Levels require the addition of bearing monitoring and what type of bearing monitoring
should applied.
4. Paragraph(s) providing Owner preferences which modify the API or IP seal requirements such as preferred seal vendors and
buffer fluid for dual seals.
The Design Specification Pump Data Sheets for each service should provide the following information specifically related to
selection of the sealing system. Again, each item is discussed in detail later in this section.
1. Fluid boiling range (narrow, medium, wide).

2. Fluid specific heat.
3. Whether the fluid contains aromatics, polymerizing agents or solids.
4. Whether the seal will be exposed to a vacuum.
5. Sealing Method, packing or mechanical seal (or sealless pump if most appropriate) and API 682 Seal Type.
6. Sealing Control Level.
7. Respiratory Exposure Class.
8. Flushing System, self or external.
9. API 682 flush plan.
10. API 682 quench plan.
11. Special Features.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION (GII) CONTENT
The General Instructions and Information Design Specification (GII) should address the following issues as a minimum.
Seal Arrangement Versus Sealing Control Level

There are six Sealing Control Levels which have been defined by Machinery, Safety, Environmental and Industrial Hygiene
specialists. Each level has a default hardware option and several alternatives (Table 1). A paragraph (or table) should be
added to the GII section for pumps which explicitly states which hardware arrangement should be used for each Control
Level. Only one mechanical seal hardware option is permitted for each Control Level in the GII table. However, if the Owner
wishes to obtain dual bids for mechanical seal arrangements and sealless pumps, the table should list both the preferred
seal arrangement and sealless pump.
An example used in previous GII’s is as follows:
“The following seal arrangements and hardware shall be used for the Control Level specified:
Control Level 6: Pressurized Dual Seal

Control Level 5: Unpressurized Dual Seal
Control Level 4: Single seal with contacting, dry running backup
Control Level 3: Single seal with non-contacting abeyant backup
Control Level 2: Single seal with floating carbon bushing
Control Level 1: Single seal with API fixed bushing”

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 8 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)
Sealing Control Level Versus Respiratory Exposure Class

As part of the design review process, Industrial Hygienists will review each stream and assign a Respiratory Exposure Class
or “R Class”. Information on the different R classes and optional Control Levels to mitigate the exposure concern will be
included in the GII Environmental and Industrial Hygiene Considerations section (see Section XVIII-B2) and Pump Sealing
Technology manual. However, in the pump section, the designer must state which of the optional Control Levels are to be
used explicitly for each R Class.
To assist in this determination, Table 2 of this subsection presents the default and options that will be put into the environmental
considerations section. Table 2 should be reviewed with the Owner and then a paragraph should be added to the GII Section
covering pumps listing the Owner preferred Sealing Control Level for each Respiratory Exposure Level. The following paragraph
is typical and suitable for use in the GII:
“As a minimum, streams classified as R1 shall use Sealing Control Level 6, R2 streams shall use Control Level 5, R3
streams shall use Control Level 3, and R4 streams shall use Control Level 2 with the exception of aqueous streams below
150_F (65_C) which may use Control Level 1.”
Preferred Application of Bearing Monitoring

The GII should reflect when (if at all) bearing monitoring should be used. The majority of reported pump fires are due to bearing
failure which results in seal failure. When the thrust or radial bearing in a pump fails the delicate seal often fails catastrophically.
In addition, the heat generated by the failing bearing provides a ready ignition source. Therefore, if one is providing increased
leakage control (and cost) to prevent material from escaping to the environment due to safety or worker exposure concerns, then
bearing monitoring should be considered an integral part of the protection system. It is recommended that bearing monitoring be
added whenever Control Level 5 or 6 is being used due to safety or worker exposure concerns. The paragraph below provides
details on when the stream may be a safety or exposure concern.
The type of monitoring should also be addressed. Bearings are usually monitored by either temperature or vibration measurements.
Vibration provides long term trending capability enabling a pump to be shut down well in advance of a failure. However, it is more
expensive than temperature monitoring. Temperature monitoring may not provide long range trending and prediction of failure.
However, since virtually all bearings that fail exhibit high temperature it may be a more reliable variable on which to provide
automatic shutdown. The GII should explicitly state under what circumstances the Owner wants bearing monitoring, what the
monitoring should be and whether it should cause a shutdown or alarm.
A typical paragraph, based on the machinery specialist recommendations as a default is as follows:
“All pumps specified as Control Level 5 or 6 with any one of the following additional stream characteristics shall be
provided with bearing monitoring:
– Vapor pressure at 100_F (38_C) equal to or above 14.7 psia (1 bara).

– More than 40% of the volume of the fluid vaporizes when flashed from pump suction conditions to atmospheric
pressure.
– Respiratory Class is R1 or R2.
– pH is less than 4.
– The stream contains phenol or HF acid (even in trace amounts).
– The fluid burns with an invisible flame.
– The fluid is defined as an H2S hazard per EE.15E.85 (more than 2% by volume H2S in any vapor that results from
leakage of the pumped fluid).
Monitoring shall be via thermocouples sensing the highest temperature on the radial bearing and on the thrust bearing
of the pump. The monitoring system shall be capable of providing an alert (alarm) level and danger (shutdown) level
independently.”
' VERTICAL PUMP FLUSHING SYSTEMS

Until such time as appropriate IP requirements are developed (which should be mid 1997), the following statement relative to
flushing of vertical pumps should be added to the GII (assuming that the Owner has no objection):

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 9 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
“Unless specified otherwise, for vertical pumps utilizing any flush plan other than 02, 23, 53 or 54, the port specified in
API 682 paragraph 2.3.18.1 for the inner seal shall be used to connect an API Plan 13 flush in addition to the specified flush.
The orifice shall be sized to allow free removal of vapor without significantly affecting seal chamber pressure. When the
port specified is used for the barrier/buffer fluid exit of a dual seal, the orifice and valve required by API 682 shall be
deleted.”
' OWNER PREFERENCES

Owner Preferences which may affect all or a large number of seals they should be added to the GII at this point. Typically, these
preferences include:
– Preferred seal vendors and/or seal models. This is usually a very strong Owner Preference.
– Fluid to be used for the buffer fluid in unpressurized dual seals and pressurized dual seals utilizing API Plan 53. Information
on the choices can be found in TMEE-023, Pump Sealing Technology Manual. This should be put in the GII only if it known
that dual seals will be used.
– Any other Owner Preferences which add to or modify API 682 or IP 10-1-3.
Note that Owner Preferences which affect only the configuration of SealExx do not need to be added to the GII.
DESIGN SPECIFICATION PUMP DATA SHEET REQUIREMENTS

The following items should be entered on the Pump Data Sheet for each service. See Design Practice Section X-A for general
service conditions and requirements. In order to provide reference, Appendix A in this section contains a copy of the data sheet from
Section X-A.
Fluid Boiling Range

The data sheet should state whether the fluid is a narrow, medium or wide boiling range. These are defined as follows (boiling points
taken at atmospheric pressure):
Narrow Boiling Range: Final Boiling Point (Degrees) minus Initial Boiling Point (Degrees) less than 100_F (55_C).
Medium Boiling Range: Final Boiling Point (Degrees) minus Initial Boiling Point (Degrees) between 100_F (55_C) and 500_F
(260_C).
Wide Boiling Range: Final Boiling Point (Degrees) minus Initial Boiling Point (Degrees) above 500_F (260_C).
The boiling range of the fluid is indicative of how much of the fluid can be expected to vaporize as it passes through the mechanical
seal from the seal chamber pressure to atmosphere. Narrow range fluids tend to cause operation of the seal with little or no liquid
for lubrication and thus influence what seal type and flush to use. SealExx accounts for the boiling range in making a selection of
the seal type.
Specific Heat
Enter the specific heat for the fluid at the rated conditions. The seal vendor will use this property to size coolers if they are needed.
Aromatics in the Fluid

Enter yes if there are aromatic components in the stream in concentration greater than 0.5%. This will be used to indicate that
alternate (and more expensive) secondary sealing elements are required.
Polymerizing Agents
Enter yes if there are components in the stream (0.5% or more) that will polymerize within 75_F (42_C) of the rated pumping
temperature. This will influence Control Level and flush selection.
Suction Exposed to Vacuum?

Enter yes if the seal could be exposed to sub-atmospheric conditions at any time. This will cause reverse pressurization features
to be added to the seal design.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 10 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
' Sealing Method and API Seal Type

On this line, enter the desired method for sealing the pump and if the method is a mechanical seal, list the API 682 seal type as well.
For sealing method, there are three choices, packing, mechanical and sealless.
Packing would be specified only if the service is not hazardous in any way and Sealing Control Level 1 has been deemed
appropriate. Clean water below 150_F / 65_C is almost the only stream that falls in this category.
Mechanical would be specified when the pump will be sealed using a mechanical seal. In most cases the entry on this line will be
Mechanical followed by the API 682 seal type (see below).
Sealless would be entered on this line if the pump to be used will be a sealless pump only. Note that there are both centrifugal and
positive displacement (diaphragm) types of sealless pumps.
' API Seal Type

When the sealing method is mechanical, the type of API seal must also be entered. In the text and Appendix B of API 682, three
types of seals are explicitly defined. They are:
Type A = pusher seal with multiple springs, carbon on silicon faces and fluoroelastomer o-rings.
Type B = rotating metal bellows with carbon on silicon faces and fluoroelastomer o-rings.
Type C = stationary metal bellows with carbon on silicon carbide faces and graphite gaskets.
Determination of the type can be made via SealExx which will output either pusher, rotating bellows or stationary bellows.
' Sealing Control Level

Enter the control level for the stream. Selection of the Sealing Control Level is fully explained in TMEE-23, Pump Sealing
Technology Manual, Section 1-2. The correct level depends on many factors including environmental, worker exposure and
reliability concerns. The number entered should be based on these items. Where changes are needed for reliability (such as use
of CL 6 for vacuum bottoms) the control level will change during detailed selection of the seal when the SealExx program is run.
' Respiratory Exposure Class

Enter the respiratory exposure class for the stream that was developed by Industrial Hygiene or Process Design. See Exxon
Biomedical Report No. MR.19DQ.93. It is the process designer’s responsibility to ensure the respiratory class is entered.
Flushing System
The term “flushing” used in conjunction with mechanical seals refers to the practice of injecting or circulating a fluid in the sealing
chamber to cool and lubricate the seal faces and to keep the faces clean when the pumped fluid contains solids. Flushing is usually
done at a rate of approximately 0.5 to 2 gpm (0.11 to 0.45 m3/hr) per inch (25 mm) of seal balance diameter. API 682 provides
schematics of the accepted flush plans and labels each one with a number. There are two generic types of flush plans:
1. “Self Flushing” which means some of the fluid which is being pumped is used for flushing.
2. “External Flushing” which means a fluid (not the pumped fluid) is brought to the pump and injected into the seal chamber.
' The key point about self versus external flush is that for self flush systems, all of the flush piping/engineering is done during detail
engineering by the contractor and vendors. However, for external flushing, the Process Designer must provide details on what
stream will be used for the flushing.
' Details on the methodology for selecting self versus external flush are provided below for information purposes. If PC program
SealExx is being used, it will provide an API flush plan and API quench plan which may be added directly to the Pump Data Sheet
in the appropriate row. All of the API flush plans are “Self” flush EXCEPT API Plan 32 and API Plan 54 which are “External”.
Self flushing refers to a plan in which the fluid being pumped is used to flush the seal. A slip stream may be taken off the discharge
of the pump and put back into the seal (Figure 1A, Flush Connection) or a variety of other schemes involving coolers and
centrifugal dirt separators may be used. The key is that no other streams are used, only the pumped fluid itself.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 11 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
Self flushing should be specified regardless of seal arrangement (single, dual etc.) whenever the following conditions are met:
1. Clean services having solids content less than 200 wppm and less than 500_F (260_C).
2. Dirty services having solids content between 200 wppm and 2% wt. and where a centrifugal separator will function. For the
separator to function properly the particles must be mostly larger than 10 micron and the solids have a specific gravity at least
twice that of the pumped fluid and the pump delta p is at least 100 psi (6.9 bar) and the viscosity is less than 100 cP. If all of
these conditions are not met, do not specify self flushing.
External flushing means that a process stream or fluid is piped to the pump and injected into the seal chamber for flushing. Since
the fluid requires piping and must be selected, it is important to know this during the design phase of the plant.
External Flushing should be specified for single and unpressurized dual seals whenever:
1. The stream is dirty (200 wppm to 2 wt. % solids) and a cyclone separator will not function due to the size or specific gravity of
the particles, pump delta P or viscosity per the criteria above in Self Flushing.
2. Dirty services where the solids content is 2 wt % or higher.
3. Services which have materials that will foul the seal (such as polymerizing agents).
4. Hot services over 500_F (260_C) (see APS/VPS units below).
5. Services containing caustic solutions.
6. Highly corrosive fluids.
' In addition, if it is known at the time of Design Specification preparation that a pressurized dual seal will be used with a “flow through”
external fluid (API Plan 54) then the seal should also be specified as externally flushed.
APS / VPS and Similar Units – A 1988 machinery study of the hot bottoms pumps showed conclusively that single mechanical
seals using a cool external flush (API Plan 32) or pressurized dual seals (API Plan 54) provide the highest reliability for hot
services. Therefore, these systems are recommended specifically for fractionation tower systems where pump temperatures
exceed 500_F (260_C). The recommended system for single seals including APS bottoms involves taking fluid from the lower
pump around stream (or other suitable side stream) pump discharge, routing the fluid through a pair of parallel coolers (outlet
temperature approximately 350_F) (176_C) and then injecting the fluid as an external flush (API Plan 32) into all pumps having
a normal operating temperature of 450_F (232_C) or higher. For vacuum bottoms services, the fluid is used as the barrier in
a Plan 54 pressurized dual seal so that the valuable flush is not lost downstream.
' Selecting the External Flushing Stream – API Plan 32
1. The stream should be low cost, available without interruption during normal operation, startup and shutdown and preferably
be from the same process unit as the served pumps. Any pump required to provide flushing fluid should be spared.
2. Temperature of the source should not be higher than the pump(s) being flushed. For services over 450_F (232_C) the flush
stream should not be higher than 350_F (176_C).
3. Initial boiling point of the flushing stream at seal chamber pressure should be at least 50_F (28_C) above the rated operating
temperature of the pump served. This is needed to protect against vapor formation in the seal chamber in the event of an
interruption of flushing flow.
4. Less than 0.5 volume % vapor must exist in the mixture of the flushing stream and the minimum design flow of the pumped
fluid at pump rated suction pressure and temperature. This is to protect against impairment of pump hydraulic performance.
5. The source pressure must be sufficient to be at least 25 psi (1.7 bar) higher than the seal chamber pressure at each pump
served. This may raise the pump casing design pressure. See Prediction of Seal Chamber Pressure section for guidance on
determining required flush fluid pressure.
6. Liquid must either have its pour point below minimum ambient temperature or the lines must be suitably heat traced and insulated.
7. Liquid must be compatible with the process stream and the process equipment downstream.
8. Liquid must have lubricating value at least equal to that of kerosene. (Viscosity basis at same temperature.)

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 12 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
If a suitable flushing fluid is not available onsite, pressurized dual seals with a barrier fluid should be specified. However, keep in
mind that a reliable pressure source (higher than seal chamber pressure) will be needed to pressurize the barrier fluid. Alternatives,
whether for single pumps or multiple pumps and on-site or offsite, include pre-packaged barrier fluid circulating skids (reservoir,
pumps, accumulators, filters and coolers, Figure 3). For critical and multiple pumps it is preferable to design the required facilities
during the plant design phase.
Specifying External Flushing System Details – API Plan 32
External flushing system requirements which should be covered in the Design Specification are as follows:
1. Provide a sketch similar to Figure 2. Identify the flushing fluid stream and conditions. Refer to the sketch in a footnote on the
Pump Data Sheet.
2. The properties of the flushing fluid must be as well defined as the pumped fluid in order to ensure proper seal selection and
operation. Provide fluid type, boiling range, pressure, temperature, vapor pressure, specific gravity, viscosity and specific heat.
3. Pressure Regulation – The flushing fluid should be available at reasonably constant pressure and should not drop below the
minimum required for the seal(s). A pressure regulating valve should be provided if the pressure can vary by more than 50 psi
(3.5 bar) and a pressure reducing valve should also be provided if the source pressure is more than 100 psi (6.9 bar) above
the pressure of the seal chamber(s). A successful alternative used by some affiliates is a variable frequency drive motor to
control pressure of the flush system.
4. Flow Rate – The required flow rate is approximately 2 gpm ( 0.54 m3/hr) per seal chamber. If wear ring flushing is also supplied,
estimate 3 gpm (0.68 m3/h) per wear ring. When estimating an entire system use the above rates for each seal chamber/wear
ring and then add 10% to the total for contingency.
5. Flushing Fluid Pumps – The Design Specification should define the service requirements of any flushing fluid pumps required.
The service should have at least a main and spare pump (both pumps 100% flow) and automatic start for the spare pump.
The pump discharge pressure should be adequate to provide flushing fluid to all users at a pressure at least 25 psi (1.7 bar)
above the injection port pressure of the highest pressure pump served. Beware of alternate operating or standby conditions
that may cause seal chamber pressure to be equal to pump discharge pressure. Note that for a wear ring the injection pressure
is the pump discharge pressure. See Prediction of Seal Chamber Pressure discussion section below for guidance in
determining the flush fluid pressure.
6. Strainers – Strainer arrangement and instrumentation should be specified in the Design Specification. Self-cleaning strainers
or twin strainers are recommended for installation in the main distribution header. Mesh size must be no coarser than the
minimum 20 mesh per IP 3-3-10 but may be as fine as 150 mesh to meet the seal vendor’s requirements. The strainer should
be sized for a pressure drop of not more than 1.5 psi (0.1 bar) when new and be equipped with differential pressure indication
and an alarm.
7. Because flushing fluid flow rate and pressure requirements can only be estimated in the Design Specification, a note should
be added cautioning the Contractor and or NPQC engineer to verify the required flushing flow rates and pressures based on
the actual requirements of the purchased equipment and change the sizing if needed.
Prediction of Seal Chamber Pressure – API Plan 32, 53 and 54
The pressure in the seal chamber normally (but not always) establishes the pressure requirement for the seal flushing and barrier
fluid systems. However, it is not known during the plant design. Estimates of the required pressure can be obtained from SealExx
which assumes different styles of pumps based on the service condition and then uses general correlations to arrive at a seal
chamber pressure. If SealExx is not used then a value of suction pressure plus 30 psi (2.1 bar) can be used for single stage pumps
and suction pressure plus 100 psi (6.7 bar) should be used for multistage pumps.
To estimate the pressure level requirement for an external flushing or barrier fluid stream, a margin of at least 25 psi (1.7 bar)
should be added to the seal chamber pressure estimate to allow for the pressure drop of the injected fluid through the gland plate
and seal chamber. This provides a reasonable estimate only. Actual values must be obtained from the pump vendors after the
pumps are selected.
Multistage pumps sometimes impress a pressure other than suction pressure against one or both of the seal chambers. The specific
design of the pump must be known before this pressure can be estimated. Where Figures 2 and 3, “Application Range of Various
Centrifugal Pump Types” of Section X-A recommends two stage or multistage pumps, obtain Machinery Specialist assistance
in estimating seal chamber pressures.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 13 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
Selecting the External Flushing Stream – API Plan 54
As previously stated API Plan 54 supplies a fluid to a pressurized dual seal. There are two fundamental methods for supplying the fluid:
– From a dedicated seal oil skid such as shown in Figure 3 or

– From a process stream of suitable condition.
When the fluid is supplied from a dedicated skid (Figure 3) the usual choice of fluid is a light lubricating oil, diesel oil or a synthetic
lube oil such as Synesstic. The benefit of these skids is they can be designed to be highly reliable and the oil is continually filtered.
The drawback is they consume space and energy and require additional instrumentation and significant operator attention.
When the fluid is supplied by a process stream, it is usually taken from the discharge of the pump which supplies the fluid, supplied
to the seal via a system identical to supplying external flushing (Plan 32 – Figure 2) and at the outlet of the seal an orifice is installed
to hold back pressure in the seal. The flow is then routed back to the pump which supplied the fluid. Low pressure and/or flow alarms
may also be added. The benefits of this system are minimal operator attention needed and possible lower cost. These factors make
this method preferred over the Plan 54 from a skid. The drawback is that a suitable process fluid must be available (it must
essentially meet all of the criteria for the Plan 32 external flush fluid) and piping that is required. If this type of Plan 54 is chosen,
the fluid to be used must be specified on the data sheet and details of the system provided either in notes, an attached drawing
or shown in the flow plan.
It must be decided during Design Specification preparation which of these two methods will be used and consultation with a
Machinery Specialist is essential.
API Flush and Quench Plan(s)

Enter the specific API 682 flush and quench plan(s) desired. This will be output by program SealExx. Note that the plan(s) may
also be selected using the charts in the appendices of API 682 which are identical except that SealExx allows more options and
Owner preferences for hot streams, solids and polymerizing streams than are included in API 682.
If the API flush plan entered is 53 (pressurized dual seal using a reservoir) a reliable pressure source to pressurize the reservoir
must be available. Usually, plant nitrogen is used thus pressure level of the nitrogen system must be verified. Systems utilizing a
small air driven pump and gas accumulator have also been used. API Plan 53 is often expensive, requires extensive operator
attention (filling, for example is difficult due to the pressure in the pot) and may not be as reliable as Plan 54 since inventory in the
reservoir is relatively small and even a moderate seal leak causes loss of all barrier fluid rather quickly. Before a Plan 53 is selected,
a Plan 54 should be considered as well.
Special Seal Features

It is essential that the Machinery Specialist review the service, the specified seal type and output from SealExx as
compared to API 682 to determine what special features might be needed. The reason for this is that in specifying a seal type
as API 682 A, B or C, the face and secondary seal materials will have automatically been selected. However, the Owner preferences
included in SealExx may cause a need to change these.
As an example, consider a stream having a significant amount of solids, say 5%, and assume that the SealExx default of API Plan
32 flush (external flush) and use of standard face materials is chosen. If the special features do not indicate that standard face
materials are to be used (e.g., carbon on silicon carbide) then API 682 Appendix F would substitute two hard faces. Similarly,
different elastomers might come out of SealExx due to the generally tighter temperature application range in SealExx as compared
to API 682. The face materials and secondary seals recommended by SealExx should always be compared to the API 682
recommendations (Section 3 and Appendices B and F of API 682).
The following should be reviewed and entered as a special feature if needed.
Face Material – Compare the output from SealExx and the recommendation in API 682 Section 3 and Appendices B and F.
Appendix B modifies face material for solids in the stream and for pH while Appendix F gives the temperature limits. When
differences between the SealExx specified and API 682 selected materials are noted the Machinery Specialist should determine
why and advise which material should be used. Normally the SealExx material should be used since its selection and difference
to API 682 are the result of an Owner preference. If the material is different from API 682 then it must be entered as a special feature.
When dealing with high temperature carbons note that vendors are now finding that their standard carbons actually work best.
Therefore, specification of “high temperature carbon” is not necessary.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 14 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
Secondary Seal Material – As with face materials, selection of the API 682 seal type will automatically select the secondary seals
or elastomers. The recommendations from SealExx should be reviewed against the materials advised in API 682 for consistency.
Again, differences should be investigated and in general the SealExx material should be used. An example of a difference is hot
water. API 682 will recommend Fluoroelastomer for water service above 180_F/80_C (Appendix B) and states that the upper limit
for this material in water is 250_F/121_C. However, Esso experience shows this material is only suitable to 200_F/93_C.
Other – Either SealExx requires a special feature and this is included as an output note or API 682 Appendix B contains a special
feature such as a single spring for pusher seals in acid service. Add any items found as special features.
' Job Seal Testing – Unlike pump testing (the requirements for which are defined in IP 10-1-1), the need and justification for job seal
testing is much less distinct. Therefore, job seal testing requirements are not included in IP 10-1-3 and must be added to the Design
Specification Pump Data Sheet if such a test is needed.
The Process Designer, Machinery Specialist and Owner should decide if a job seal test is warranted on an individual basis (since
the tests are usually in the 20K to 30K USD range and may be a long lead time item). Whenever any of the following conditions
are present, consideration to specifying a test should be given:
– Required by the Owner.

– The normal seal chamber pressure is 1000 psig (69 barg) or higher.
– The arrangement is a dual seal and does not have the experience required by IP 10-1-3.
– The pumped fluid vapor pressure is above 400 psia (27.5 bara) at 100_F (38_C) or the fluid specific gravity is below 0.42 at
pumping temperature.
The pumped fluid contains hydrofluoric acid or phenol in concentrations greater than 5% by volume.
If it is determined that a job seal test is needed, a note should be added to the Pump Data sheet indicating the test requirement
and procedure. A sample test protocol can be found in EETD-024, The Machinery Appraisal Manual, Pump section appendices.
' Gas Seal Use – One of the latest technologies for pumps is the use of dry gas seals for particularly difficult services. Use of gas
seals is usually an Owner preference item. If a service is slated to have a gas seal Machinery Specialist involvement is critical and
the detailed information on Secondary Elements, Flushing System, Flush and Quench Plans and special features will need to be
carefully specified. An example of a gas seal is included in Appendix A of this section.
NOMENCLATURE
See Subsection A

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 15 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
TABLE 1
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
SEALING CONTROL LEVEL VERSUS ACCEPTED SEAL ARRANGEMENTS
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
CONTROL DEFAULT SEALING INSTRUMENTATION
OPTIONAL SEALING ARRANGEMENT
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
LEVEL ARRANGEMENT REQUIREMENTS
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
1 Single mechanical seal with 1. Single with floating carbon bushing. None
API clearance restrictive
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2. Single with segmented floating carbon bushing.
bushing.
3. Mechanical packing (non-hazardous service).
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Single mechanical seal with
4.
1.
Sealless pump.
Single with segmented floating carbon bushing. None
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
floating carbon bushing.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2.
3.
Single with non-contact abeyant backup.
Single with contacting abeyant backup.
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4. Sealless pump.
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
bushing.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
segmented floating carbon
1.
2.
Single with non-contacting abeyant backup.
Single with contacting abeyant backup.
Leakage detection alarm
required regardless of seal
arrangement.
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
3. Single with floating carbon bushing.
(Usually pressure switch
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4. Single with lip seal. between primary seal and
backup device/seal).
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
5. Unpressurized dual seal.
6. Pressurized dual seal.
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
7.
1.
Sealless pump.
Unpressurized dual seal. Leakage detection alarm
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
contacting abeyant back-up 2. Pressurized dual seal. required regardless of seal
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
seal. arrangement.
3. Sealless pump.
(Usually pressure switch
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4. Control level 3 if local SOC approves and seal between primary seal and
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
is monitored via sniffer for leakage. backup device/seal).(1)
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
5 Unpressurized dual seal. 1. Pressurized dual seal. Leakage detection alarm
required.(1)
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2. Sealless pump.
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
6 Pressurized dual seal. 1. Sealless pump. Leakage detection alarm
required.(1)
Note:
(1) For Control Level 4, bearing monitoring should be strongly considered. For Control Levels 5 and 6, bearing monitoring is
recommended where leakage poses a serious worker exposure concern or leakage may form a vapor cloud.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 16 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
TABLE 2
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE CLASS VERSUS SEALING CONTROL LEVEL
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
RESPIRATORY DEFAULT SEALING
OPTIONAL SEALING CONTROL LEVEL
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
EXPOSURE CLASS CONTROL LEVEL
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
1 Sealing Control Level 6 1. Sealing Control Level 5
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2. Sealing Control Level 4 with gas buffer.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2 Sealing Control Level 6 1. Sealing Control Level 5
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2. Sealing Control Level 4
3. Sealing Control Level 3 when S. G. >0.8 and
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
3
Sealing Control Level 3 1.
monitoring via sniffer test at least monthly.
Sealing Control Level 6
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
2.
3.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4. Sealing Control Level 2 when monitoring via
sniffer test at least monthly.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4
Sealing Control Level 2 (hydrocarbon)
Sealing Control Level 1 (Aqueous)
1.
2.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
3.
4.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 17 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
FIGURE 1
TYPICAL MECHANICAL SEAL AND PACKING CONFIGURATIONS
FIGURE 1A. – SINGLE MECHANICAL SEAL
Flush Connection
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Quench Connection
(Drain 180_ Apart)
Seal Chamber
Gland Plate
ÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Throat Bushing
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎ
Shaft Sleeve
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎ ÎÎ
ÎÎ
Rotating Coupling End
Seal Member
ÎÎ ÎÎ
Stationary
Impeller End
ÎÎ
Seal Member
Throttle Bushing (Mechanical Seal

Restrictive Bushing) or Auxiliary
Sealing Device
FIGURE 1B. – UNPRESSURIZED DUAL MECHANICAL SEAL

Flush Connection
Buffer Fluid Connection
ÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Quench Connection
ÏÏÏÏ
(Drain 180_ Apart)
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎ ÎÎ
ÎÎ
Impeller End
ÎÎ Stationary
Seal Member
Coupling End
ÎÎ Rotating
Seal Member
Sealing Device

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 18 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
FIGURE 1 (Cont)
TYPICAL MECHANICAL SEAL AND PACKING CONFIGURATIONS
FIGURE 1C. – PRESSURIZED DUAL MECHANICAL SEAL
Barrier Fluid Inlet Connection Barrier Fluid Outlet
Connection
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ Quench Connection
(Drain 180_ Apart)
ÎÎ
ÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎ
ÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎÎ ÎÎÎÎÎ
ÎÎ Î
Coupling End
ÎÎ
Stationary
Impeller End
Seal Member
ÎÎ Rotating
Seal Member
Sealing Device
FIGURE 1D. – CONVENTIONAL PACKING
Stuffing Box
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Lantern Ring Connection Gland Follower
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Throat Bushing
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÎÎÎ ÏÏÏÏÏÏ ÎÎ
ÎÎ
ÎÎ ÎÎ
Impeller End
ÎÎ ÎÎ Packing Rings Lantern Ring

Coupling End

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 19 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
FIGURE 2
TYPICAL EXTERNAL FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR MECHANICAL SEALS (API PLAN 32)
Pump Discharge
To
Other
PI PI
Pumps
Pump Process Pumps
Suction
PI PI
Flushing Oil Supply
HCV HCV
FI FI FI FI
Strainers
dPI
Duplicate FI Through PI For Each Seal Chamber

And Wear Ring Flush Connection On Each Pump.
FIGURE 3
TYPICAL PRESSURIZED DUAL MECHANICAL SEAL BARRIER FLUID SYSTEM (API PLAN 54)
May Be Supplied As Packaged Unit.
LL
PCV dPI Pump 1
PI
d
Reservoir LG P
L
PI Pump 2 A
Filter
Note 1
Duplicate
For Each
25 m Seal Chamber
FI
HCV Process
Pump
TI TI Note 3
Coolers
Note 2
From Other
From Other Seal Chamber
Pumps Same Pump
Notes:
(1) Main and spare pump 100% capacity, automatic start.
(2) Orifice size for 5 gpm (1.1 m3/hr) at 50 psi (3.4 bar) differential.
(3) Back pressure regulator may be used for critical services.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 20 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
'
APPENDIX A
Page
D.S.
Pump Data Sheet
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
Exxon Research and Engineering Company
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
BY DATE
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
1
ÁÁÁÁ
2
NUMBER
ÁÁÁÁ
SERVICE NAME
P-1A,B
Feed Pumps
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
4 GENERAL PUMP TYPE Centrifugal
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
5
6 PROCESS REQUIREMENTS, EACH PUMP
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁÁ
8
PUMPED FLUID
ÁÁÁÁ
RATED CAPACITY @ RATED P.T. GPM
Diesel
582
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
9 PUMPING TEMPERATURE, RATED/MAX _F 448/448
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
10 SPECIFIC GRAVITY @ RATED P.T. 0.706
11 VISCOSITY @ RATED P.T. cP 0.42
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
12
ÁÁÁÁ
13
VAPOR PRESSURE @ RATED P.T.
ÁÁÁÁ
NPSH AVAILABLE @ 2 FT ABOVE GRADE
PSIA
FT
4.25
25
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
14 MAXIMUM SUCTION PRESSURE PSIG 39.4
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
15 RATED DISCHARGE PRESSURE PSIG 1075
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
16 RATED DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE PSI 1070
17 SOLIDS None
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
18
ÁÁÁÁ
19
FLUID BOILING RANGE
ÁÁÁÁ
FLUID SPECIFIC HEAT BTU/LB/_F
Medium
0.43
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
20 AROMATICS IN FLUID YES/NO Yes
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
21 POLYMERIZING AGENTS YES/NO No
22 SUCTION EXPOSED TO VACUUM YES/NO Yes
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
23
ÁÁÁÁ
POUR POINT _F
ÁÁÁ
24
ÁÁÁÁ
25
ÁÁÁÁ
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
26 SEALING METHOD AND API SEAL TYPE Mechanical, Type C
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
27 SEALING CONTROL LEVEL 2
28 RESPIRATORY EXPOSURE CLASS R4
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
29
ÁÁÁÁ
30
FLUSHING SYSTEM
ÁÁÁÁ
API FLUSH PLAN(S)
Self
Plan 23
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
31 API QUENCH PLAN(S) Plan 62 steam
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
32 SPECIAL SEAL FEATURES
33 CASING DESIGN TEMPERATURE _F 500/250(2)
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
34
ÁÁÁÁ
35
CASING
ÁÁÁÁ
MAWP(1)
WET H2S SERVICE
PSIG
YES/NO
1388/2045(2)
No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
36 MATERIAL CLASS OR MATERIALS S-6
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
37 DRIVER TYPE Electric Motor
38
Notes:
(1) MAWP = Maximum allowable working pressure. The value specified is the minimum value required.
(2) Casing Design Temperature of 500_F and MAWP of 1388 psig apply for Diesel operation. Casing Design Temperature of
250_F and MAWP of 2045 psig is based on pumping water at 200_F.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 21 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
'
APPENDIX A (Cont)
Page
D.S.
Pump Data Sheet
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
BY DATE
ÁÁÁ
1
ÁÁÁ
2
NUMBER
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
SERVICE NAME
P-2A,B
Flash Tower Bottoms
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
5
ÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁ
8 ÁÁÁÁ
PUMPED FLUID
ÁÁÁÁ
Flash Tower Tar
596
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
12
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
13
ÁÁÁÁ
PSIA
FT
41.0
12
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
14 MAXIMUM SUCTION PRESSURE PSIG 58
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
17 SOLIDS (2)
ÁÁÁ
18
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
FLUID BOILING RANGE
19
ÁÁÁÁ
Wide
0.5
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
20 AROMATICS IN FLUID YES/NO No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
22 SUCTION EXPOSED TO VACUUM YES/NO No
ÁÁÁ
23
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
POUR POINT _F
24
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
25
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
26 SEALING METHOD AND API SEAL TYPE Mechanical, Type C
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
29
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
FLUSHING SYSTEM
30
ÁÁÁÁ
API FLUSH PLAN(S)
External (3)
Plan 32
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
31 API QUENCH PLAN(S) Plan 62 steam
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
32 SPECIAL SEAL FEATURES Note 3
33 CASING DESIGN TEMPERATURE _F 750
ÁÁÁ
34
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
CASING MAWP(1)
35
ÁÁÁÁ
WET H2S SERVICE
PSIG
YES/NO
500
No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
36 MATERIAL CLASS OR MATERIALS C-6
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
38
Notes:
(2) 800 PPM (weight) of 0 – 200 micron coke particles, specific gravity 1.20.
(3) Pump flushing fluid is Fractionator No. 2 side stream per Section 11 of this Design Specification.

DESIGN PRACTICES
Section Page PUMPS
X-G 22 of 23
SHAFT SEALING EXXON
Date
'
APPENDIX A (Cont)
Page
D.S.
Pump Data Sheet
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
BY DATE
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
1
ÁÁÁÁ
2
NUMBER
ÁÁÁÁ
SERVICE NAME
P-1A,B
Feed Pumps
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
5
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁÁ
8
PUMPED FLUID
ÁÁÁÁ
Paraxylene
350
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
12
ÁÁÁÁ
13
ÁÁÁÁ
PSIA
FT
4.25
25
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
14 MAXIMUM SUCTION PRESSURE PSIG 39.4
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
17 SOLIDS None
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
18
ÁÁÁÁ
19
FLUID BOILING RANGE
ÁÁÁÁ
Medium
0.43
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
20 AROMATICS IN FLUID YES/NO Yes
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
21 POLYMERIZING AGENTS YES/NO Yes
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
23
ÁÁÁÁ
POUR POINT _F
ÁÁÁ
24
ÁÁÁÁ
25
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
26 SEALING METHOD AND API SEAL TYPE Mechanical, Type A
6(2)
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
27 SEALING CONTROL LEVEL
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
29
ÁÁÁÁ
30
FLUSHING SYSTEM
ÁÁÁÁ
API FLUSH PLAN(S)
External
Plan 23 and 54(2)
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
31 API QUENCH PLAN(S) None
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
32 SPECIAL SEAL FEATURES Note 2
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
34
ÁÁÁÁ
35
CASING MAWP(1)
ÁÁÁÁ
WET H2S SERVICE
PSIG
YES/NO
500
No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
36 MATERIAL CLASS OR MATERIALS S-6
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
38
Notes:
(2) Seal shall be a gas lubricated pressurized dual seal, John Crane Type 2800 or equal. Secondary seals shall be
Perfluoroelastomer. Modified Plan 54, supply only, no return. Barrier fluid shall be plant nitrogen supplied to a gas panel
supplied by the seal vendor.

DESIGN PRACTICES
PUMPS Section Page
X-G 23 of 23
EXXON SHAFT SEALING
Date
'
APPENDIX A (Cont)
Page
D.S.
Pump Data Sheet
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁ
BY DATE
ÁÁÁ
1
ÁÁÁ
2
NUMBER
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
SERVICE NAME
P-2A,B
Propane
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
3
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
5
ÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁ
8 ÁÁÁÁ
PUMPED FLUID
ÁÁÁÁ
Propane
596
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
12
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
13
ÁÁÁÁ
PSIA
FT
185
12
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
14 MAXIMUM SUCTION PRESSURE PSIG 200
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
17 SOLIDS None
ÁÁÁ
18
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
FLUID BOILING RANGE
19
ÁÁÁÁ
Narrow
0.5
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
20 AROMATICS IN FLUID YES/NO No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
23
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
POUR POINT _F
24
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
25
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
26 SEALING METHOD AND API SEAL TYPE Mechanical, Type A
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁ
29
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
FLUSHING SYSTEM
30
ÁÁÁÁ
API FLUSH PLAN(S)
Self
Plan 11
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
31 API QUENCH PLAN(S) None
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
32 SPECIAL SEAL FEATURES
ÁÁÁ
34
ÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁ
CASING MAWP(1)
35
ÁÁÁÁ
WET H2S SERVICE
PSIG
YES/NO
500
No
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
36 MATERIAL CLASS OR MATERIALS C-6
ÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁ
38
Notes:

DP10 G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

DP10 G

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

DP10 G

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the document about?

What is the document about?

What sealing methods are discussed?

What sealing methods are discussed?

DESIGN PRACTICES

PUMPS Section Page

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

Section XVIII-B2 Guidelines and Considerations for Industrial Hygiene

IP 10-1-1 Centrifugal Pumps

IP 10-1-3 Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps

IP 10-2-2 Positive Displacement Pumps – Rotary

ER&E Manual TMEE-23, Pump Sealing Technology Manual

API Standard 610 – Centrifugal Pumps for General Refinery Services

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

MECHANICAL SEAL OPERATION AND ARRANGEMENT

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

PACKED STUFFING BOXES VERSUS MECHANICAL SEALS

Compared to packing, mechanical seals offer the following benefits:

1. Reduced worker exposure.

SEAL SPECIFICATION PROCEDURES

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS

1. Fluid boiling range (narrow, medium, wide).

Seal Arrangement Versus Sealing Control Level

An example used in previous GII’s is as follows:

Control Level 6: Pressurized Dual Seal

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

Sealing Control Level Versus Respiratory Exposure Class

Preferred Application of Bearing Monitoring

A typical paragraph, based on the machinery specialist recommendations as a default is as follows:

– Vapor pressure at 100_F (38_C) equal to or above 14.7 psia (1 bara).

' VERTICAL PUMP FLUSHING SYSTEMS

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

' OWNER PREFERENCES

DESIGN SPECIFICATION PUMP DATA SHEET REQUIREMENTS

Fluid Boiling Range

Aromatics in the Fluid

Suction Exposed to Vacuum?

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

' Sealing Method and API Seal Type

' API Seal Type

' Sealing Control Level

' Respiratory Exposure Class

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

' Selecting the External Flushing Stream – API Plan 32

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

Specifying External Flushing System Details – API Plan 32

EXXON RESEARCH AND ENGINEERING COMPANY — FLORHAM PARK, N.J.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION CONSIDERATIONS (Cont)

Selecting the External Flushing Stream – API Plan 54

– From a dedicated seal oil skid such as shown in Figure 3 or