03b3 Process Equipment, Plant Layout and Piping Design –

Part 4
ME 426 – Industrial Plant Engineering
Thermofluids Design Part II
1 Introduction to Equipment & Piping
Engineering
Process design and procedure; EPC/EPCM/FEED; sub-disciplines;
equipment and piping engineering specializations

2 Static & Rotating Equipment Design &

Performance Calculations
Pressure vessels/drums; towers & columns; tanks; reactors; auxiliary
static equipment; pumps; fans & blowers; compressors & expanders;
related international codes and standards

3 Piping Design, Stress Analysis,

Materials Engineering & CAD Systems
Plant layout & plot plan; pressure design; piping layout & supports;
flexibility analysis; welding & examinations; testing; material selection;
bulk piping components; specialty components; CAD systems;
relevant international codes and standards
 03-2 Static & Rotating Equipment
Design & Performance Calculations
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

I. PUMPS

• Are used for fluid conveyance devices that are either dynamic (employs fluid
acceleration) or positive displacement (capacity is independent of pressure
rise)

Figure 1.
Typical
process
pumping
system
with
change
over.
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

CENTRIFUGAL PUMPS

• Most common pump in the industry; can handle highly viscous liquids and even
slurries
• Commonly used on low head applications (2-100 m), at discharge pressures of
up to 48 MPa and flow rates of 0.5-20000 m3/hr

Figure 2. Components of a
single stage centrifugal
pumps
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

A. RECIPROCATING PUMPS

• Low flow rates such as metering pumps

• High discharge pressure
• Clean liquid not containing any solid particles

Figure 3.
Reciprocating pumps
(A) Piston pump
(B) Plunger pump
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

B. ROTARY PUMPS

• Self-priming and can remove air from suction line to produce high suction lift
• Has no flow pulsation, and friction losses are smaller than centrifugal and
reciprocating pumps, making it suitable for highly viscous fluids

Figure 4. Rotary pumps

(A) Gear pump
(B) Screw pump
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

C. DIAPHRAGM PUMPS

• Has an external pulsating source such as mechanical linkage, compressed air

or fluid.
• Negligible fluid leakage since there is no contact between liquid and prime
mover
• Useful for handling toxic or expensive liquids, and also slurries with high sloid
concentration

Figure 5. Diaphragm
pump
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

CODES AND STANDARDS FOR PUMPS

• API Std 610 - Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries
• API Std 674 - Positive Displacement Pumps—Reciprocating
• API Std 675 - Positive Displacement Pumps—Controlled Volume for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
• API Std 676 Positive Displacement Pumps—Rotary
• API Std 681 - Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps and Compressors for Petroleum,
Chemical, and Gas Industry Services
• API Std 682 – Pumps - Shaft Sealing Systems for Centrifugal and Rotary Pumps
• API Std 685 – Seal-less Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical, and Gas
Industry Process Service
• ASME PTC 8.2 - 1990 Centrifugal Pumps
• ASME B73.1 – 2012 Specification for Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal Pumps for
Chemical Process
• ASME B73.2 – 2016 Specification for Vertical In-Line Centrifugal Pumps for
Chemical Process
• ASME B73.3 – 2015 Specification for Seal-less Horizontal End Suction Centrifugal
Pumps for Chemical Process
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP TERMINOLOGIES (see attached API 610)

NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

Figure 6. Pump NPSH and

static suction/discharge
head
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

Figure 7. NPSH available

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

Figure 8. NPSH calculations

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP TERMINOLOGIES

CAVITATION
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP LOCATIONS

Figure 9a.
Pump
locations
relative to
process
equipment
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP LOCATIONS

Figure 9b. Pump locations relative to process equipment

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610)

Figure 10.
API 610
centrifugal
pump
classifications

For definitions: https://www.rodelta.com/explanation-pump-configurations-api/

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610)

Table 1.
Centrifugal
pump
classification
type
identification
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610)

Figure 11. Centrifugal pump flow and vibration

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610) Table 2. Centrifugal pump parts

material classes
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610) Table 2. Centrifugal pump parts

material classes
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610)

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP SPECIFICATIONS (API 610)

For datasheet (d/s), vendor drawing data requirement, test data summary, please
see attached relevant lectures.
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP ELEMENTARY CALCULATIONS
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP ELEMENTARY CALCULATIONS
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP ELEMENTARY CALCULATIONS
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

Figure 12. Typical pump performance curves (a) head-

flow curves (b) shaft power-flow curves
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

Figure 13. Centrifugal pump performance curves

Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

Figure 14.
Centrifugal pump
head
characteristic at
qf=0.75
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

Figure 15.
Centrifugal pump
impeller diameter
effects
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations
PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

Figure 16.
Centrifugal pump
specific speed
effect on head
behavior
Rotating Equipment Design & Performance Calculations

PUMP PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS

For pump performance calculations, please see attached relevant lectures.

Reference Materials:

• Ray, S., Das, G., Process Equipment and Plant Design – Principles
and Practices (2020). Elsevier, Inc.
• Barker, G. The Engineer's Guide to Plant Layout and Piping Design
for the Oil and Gas Industries (2018). Gulf Professional Publishing
Elsevier Inc.
• Kutz, M. Mechanical Engineers Handbook Vol.4 4th ed. Energy &
Power (2014). John Wiley & Sons.
• American Petroleum Institute. API Std 610 11th ed (2010).
Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas
Industries. API Publications
• Gerhart, P., Wright, T. Fluid Machinery: Application, Selection, and
Design. 2nd ed. (2010). CRC Press
• Capote et al. Industrial Plant Engineering – Mechanical Engineering
• Reviewer (2007). JAM Publishers.
• https://www.enggcyclopedia.com/2019/04/api-standards-for-pump-
design-operation-and-maintenance/
• https://www.rodelta.com/explanation-pump-configurations-api/
 Thank You
03b3 Process Equipment, Plant Layout and Piping
Design – Part 4