Model Ques

PART A
1. Define Inertia Torque and Inertia Force.
The Inertia Force is an imaginary force, which when acts upon a rigid body, brings it in
an equilibrium position.
Inertia force = - Accelerating force = - ma
The Inertia Torque is an imaginary torque, which when applied upon the rigid body,
brings it in equilibrium position. It is equal to the accelerating couple in magnitude by
opposite in direction.
Inertia Torque = - Externally applied torque = - ta
2. What is the purpose of flywheel in an Engine?
The function of a flywheel is to reduce the fluctuations of speed caused by the fluctuation
of the engine turning moment during each cycle of operation.
3. Define D’Alembert’s Principle
 D‟Alembert‟s principle states that the inertia forces and torques, and the external
forces and torques acting on a body together result in statical equilibrium.
 In other words, the vector sum of all external forces acting upon a system of rigid
bodies is zero. The vector sum of all external moments and inertia torques acting
upon a system of rigid bodies is also separately zero.
4. What is Piston effort?
Piston effort is defined as the net or effective force applied on the piston, along the line of
stroke. It is also known as effective driving force (or) net load on the gudgeon pin.
5. Define Crank effort and Crank Pin effort
Crank effort: It is the net effort (force) applied at the crank pin perpendicular to the crank,
which gives the required turning moment on the crank shaft.
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The component of force acting along the connecting rod (FQ) perpendicular to the crank is
known as Crank – Pin effort.
6. List the uses of Turning Moment Diagrams.
 The area under Turning Moment Diagram gives work done per cycle.
 The work done per cycle when divided by the crank angle per cycle gives the mean
torque Tm.
 The mean torque Tm multiplied by the angular velocity of the crank gives the power
consumed by the machine or developed by an engine.
 The area of the TMD above the mean torque line represents the excess energy that
may be stored by the flywheel, which helps to design the dimensions and mass of
the flywheel.
7. Distinguish between Radial cam and Cylindrical Cam

8. Why Balancing is necessary?
If the moving part of a machine are not balanced completely then the inertia forces are set
up which may cause excessive noise, vibration, wear and tear of the system. So balancing
of machine is necessary.

9. When is a system said to be completely balanced.
 The resultant centrifugal force must be zero and

 The resultant couple must be zero.
10. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses?
The process of providing the second mass in order to counteract the effect of the centrifugal
force of the unbalanced first mass is called balancing of rotating masses.
11. What is the hammer blow in Engines with reciprocating masses?
It is defined as the maximum magnitude of the unbalanced force along the perpendicular
to the line of stroke.
It is the result of a compromise when a locomotive's wheels are unbalanced to off-set

horizontal reciprocating masses, such as connecting rods and pistons, to improve the ride.
The hammer blow may cause damage to the locomotive and track if the wheel/rail force is
high enough.
12. Differentiate between Static and Dynamic Balancing.
Static Balancing
The net dynamic force acting on the shaft is equal to zero. This requires that the line of
action of three centrifugal forces must be the same. This is the condition for static
balancing.
Dynamic Balancing
The net couple due to the dynamic forces acting on the shaft is equal to zero, provides the
condition for dynamic balancing.
13. What is partial balancing? Why complete balancing of reciprocating masses is not possible
in a single cylinder engine?
Balancing of reciprocating masses is done by introducing the balancing mass opposite to

the crank. The vertical component of the dynamic force of this balancing mass gives rise
to “Hammer blow”. In order to reduce the Hammer Blow, a part of the reciprocating mass
is balanced. Hence complete balancing is not possible in reciprocating engines.

14. A Flywheel has an unbalanced mass of 0.15 kg at a radius of 0.4 m from the axis of rotation.
Calculate the unbalanced force if the shaft rotates at 200 rpm.
Given:
m = 0.15 kg, r = 0.4 m
Solution:
Unbalanced force = m.r = 0.15 x 0.4 = 0.06 kg-m.
15. Name the efforts caused by the unbalanced primary force acting along the line of stroke
due to partial balancing of Locomotives.

PART B 8x1=8
1. Derive the equation of forces on the reciprocating parts of an engine.

2. How are the different masses rotating in different planes are balanced?

3. What is meant by swaying couple? Deduce the expression for its magnitude and
explain its influence.

PART C
1. An Engine flywheel has a mass of 6.5 ton and the radius of gyration is 2 m if the maximum
and minimum speeds are 120 rpm and 1180 rpm respectively. Find the mean speed of the
flywheel Coefficient of fluctuation Speed and also maximum fluctuation of energy.

2. In a Turning moment diagram the areas above and below the mean torque line taken in
order 4400, 1150, 1300, 4550 mm2 respectively. The scale of the Turning Moment diagram
1 mm = 100 Nm, the crank angle 1 mm = 1⁰. Find the mass of the flywheel required speed
between 297 and 303 rpm, if the radius of gyration is 0.525 m.

m = 1459.89 kg

3. A steam engine runs at 150rpm. Its turning moment diagram have the following datas, Area
measurement in mm2 taken in order of above and below the mean torque line 500, -250,
190, -340, 270, -250. The scale for the turning moment in 1 mm = 500
Nm, Crank angle 1 mm = 5⁰, if the fluctuation speed is not exceeding ± 1.5 % of the
mean. Determine a suitable diagram and cross – section of the rim of the flywheel. Assume
with axial dimension is equal to 1.5 times the radial dimensions. The tensile stress is limited
to 3 MPa and the density of the material of the flywheel is 7500 kg/m3.

A=bxt
= 0.1477 x 0.2215
A = 0.03271 m2

4. The radius of gyration of a flywheel is 1 meter and the fluctuation of speed is not to exceed
1 % of the mean speed of the flywheel. If the mass of the flywheel is 3440 kg and the steam
engine develops 150 kW at 135 rpm, then find, Maximum fluctuation of energy and
Coefficient of fluctuation of energy
5. A rigid rotor has all unbalanced in 1 plane and can be considered to the 3 masses M1
= 5 Kg, M2 = 3 Kg at an angle 165⁰ counter clock wise from M1 and M3 = 8 Kg at angle
85⁰ clockwise from M1, the radius r1 = 20 cm, r2 = 8 cm and r3 = 14 cm. Determine the
balancing mass required at radius of 10 cm. Specify the location of mass with respect to
M1.
6. Four masses M1, M2, M3 and M4 are 200 Kg, 300 Kg, 240 Kg and 260 Kg respectively. The
corresponding radii of rotation are 0.2 m, 0.15 m, 0.25 m and 0.3 m respectively
and the angles between successive masses are 45⁰, 75⁰ and 135⁰. Find the position and
magnitude of the balance mass required, if the radius of rotation is 0.2 m.

7. A shaft carries 4 masses A, B, C and D of magnitude 200 Kg, 300 Kg, 400 Kg and 200 kg
respectively and revolving at radii 80 mm, 70 mm, 60 mm and 80mm in planes measured
from A at 300 mm, 400 mm and 700 mm. The angles between the cranks measured
anticlockwise are A to B 45⁰, B to C 70⁰ and C to D 120⁰. The balancing masses are to be
placed in planes X and Y. The distance between the planes A and X is 100 mm, between
X and Y is 400 mm and between Y and D is 200 mm. If the balancing masses revolve at a
radius of 100 mm, find their magnitudes and angular positions.


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PART A

1. Define Inertia Torque and Inertia Force.

Inertia force = - Accelerating force = - ma

Inertia Torque = - Externally applied torque = - ta

2. What is the purpose of flywheel in an Engine?

3. Define D’Alembert’s Principle

4. What is Piston effort?

5. Define Crank effort and Crank Pin effort

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6. List the uses of Turning Moment Diagrams.

7. Distinguish between Radial cam and Cylindrical Cam

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Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

 The resultant centrifugal force must be zero and

10. What is meant by balancing of rotating masses?

11. What is the hammer blow in Engines with reciprocating masses?

It is the result of a compromise when a locomotive's wheels are unbalanced to off-set

12. Differentiate between Static and Dynamic Balancing.

Balancing of reciprocating masses is done by introducing the balancing mass opposite to

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

Mail: mechprojects24@gmail.com, Facebook : https://www.facebook.com/MechanicalProjects2476/, Twitter : @mechaero247,

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