 Concept of Loops in Java:

A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or group of statements multiple times and following
is the general form of a loop statement in most of the programming languages −

Java programming language provides the following types of loop to handle looping requirements.

1) While Loop:
A while loop statement in Java programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as long as a
given condition is true.The syntax of a while loop is −

while(Boolean_expression)
{
// Statements
}

Here, statement(s) may be a single statement or a block of statements. The condition may be any expression,
and true is any non zero value.

When executing, if the boolean_expression result is true, then the actions inside the loop will be executed. This
will continue as long as the expression result is true.

When the condition becomes false, program control passes to the line immediately following the loop.
  Data Flow Diagram:

Here, key point of the while loop is that the loop might not ever run. When the expression is tested and the result
is false, the loop body will be skipped and the first statement after the while loop will be executed.

 Example

public class Test {

public static void main(String args[]) {

int x = 10;

while( x < 20 ) {

System.out.print("value of x : " + x );

x++;

System.out.print("\n");

This will produce the following result −

 Output
value of x : 10
value of x : 11
value of x : 12
value of x : 13
value of x : 14
value of x : 15
value of x : 16
value of x : 17
value of x : 18
value of x : 19
2) Do While Loop:
A do while loop is similar to a while loop, except that a do...while loop is guaranteed to execute at
least one time.

Syntax:
Following is the syntax of a do...while loop −

Do
{
// Statements
}
while(Boolean_expression);

Notice that the Boolean expression appears at the end of the loop, so the statements in the loop
execute once before the Boolean is tested.

If the Boolean expression is true, the control jumps back up to do statement, and the statements in the
loop execute again. This process repeats until the Boolean expression is false.

 Data Flow Diagram:

 Example:

public class Test

public static void main(String args[])

int x = 10;

do

System.out.print("value of x : " + x );
 x++;

System.out.print("\n");

while( x < 20 );

This will produce the following result −

 Output:
value of x : 10
value of x : 11
value of x : 12
value of x : 13
value of x : 14
value of x : 15
value of x : 16
value of x : 17
value of x : 18
value of x : 19

3) For Loop:
A for loop is a repetition control structure that allows you to efficiently write a loop that needs to be
executed a specific number of times.

A for loop is useful when you know how many times a task is to be repeated.

 Syntax:
The syntax of a for loop is −

for(initialization; Boolean_expression; update) {

Here is the flow of control in a for loop −

 The initialization step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to declare and
initialize any loop control variables and this step ends with a semi colon (;).

 Next, the Boolean expression is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is executed. If it
is false, the body of the loop will not be executed and control jumps to the next statement past
the for loop.

 After the body of the for loop gets executed, the control jumps back up to the update
statement. This statement allows you to update any loop control variables. This statement can
be left blank with a semicolon at the end.
  The Boolean expression is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and the process
repeats (body of loop, then update step, then Boolean expression). After the Boolean
expression is false, the for loop terminates.

 Flow Diagram:

 Example:
Following is an example code of the for loop in Java.

public class Test {

public static void main(String args[]) {

for(int x = 10; x < 20; x = x + 1) {

System.out.print("value of x : " + x );

System.out.print("\n");

 Output:
value of x : 10
value of x : 11
value of x : 12
value of x : 13
value of x : 14
value of x : 15
value of x : 16
value of x : 17
value of x : 18
value of x : 19
4) Enhanced for loop in Java:
The enhanced for loop was introduced. This is mainly used to traverse collection of elements including
arrays.

 Syntax:
Following is the syntax of enhanced for loop −

for(declaration : expression)
{
// Statements
}

 Declaration − The newly declared block variable, is of a type compatible with the elements of
the array you are accessing. The variable will be available within the for block and its value
would be the same as the current array element.

 Expression − This evaluates to the array you need to loop through. The expression can be an
array variable or method call that returns an array.

 Example:

public class Test

public static void main(String args[])

int [] numbers = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

for(int x : numbers ) {

System.out.print( x );

System.out.print(",");

System.out.print("\n");

String [] names = {"James", "Larry", "Tom", "Lacy"};

for( String name : names ) {

System.out.print( name );

System.out.print(",");

}
  Output
10, 20, 30, 40, 50,
James, Larry, Tom, Lacy