Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 41 views

    Galerkin's Method: APL705 Finite Element Method

    Uploaded by

    akash
    Galerkin's method is a weighted residual method for finding approximate solutions to differential equations. It involves: 1) Choosing basis functions to construct an approximate solution and determine coefficients. 2) Making the residual (error between approximate and exact solutions) zero relative to weighting functions, which are chosen as the basis functions. 3) Solving the resulting equations for the coefficients to obtain the approximate solution. An example is worked through where a polynomial function is assumed as the approximate solution to a 1D problem, satisfying the boundary conditions. The potential energy is minimized using the Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine the coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Galerkin's Method: APL705 Finite Element Method

    Uploaded by

    akash
    41 views3 pages
    Galerkin's method is a weighted residual method for finding approximate solutions to differential equations. It involves: 1) Choosing basis functions to construct an approximate solution and determine coefficients. 2) Making the residual (error between approximate and exact solutions) zero relative to weighting functions, which are chosen as the basis functions. 3) Solving the resulting equations for the coefficients to obtain the approximate solution. An example is worked through where a polynomial function is assumed as the approximate solution to a 1D problem, satisfying the boundary conditions. The potential energy is minimized using the Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine the coefficients.

    Original Description:

    FEM

    Original Title

    Lecture 5

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Galerkin's method is a weighted residual method for finding approximate solutions to differential equations. It involves: 1) Choosing basis functions to construct an approximate solution and determine coefficients. 2) Making the residual (error between approximate and exact solutions) zero relative to weighting functions, which are chosen as the basis functions. 3) Solving the resulting equations for the coefficients to obtain the approximate solution. An example is worked through where a polynomial function is assumed as the approximate solution to a 1D problem, satisfying the boundary conditions. The potential energy is minimized using the Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine the coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    41 views3 pages

    Galerkin's Method: APL705 Finite Element Method

    Uploaded by

    akash
    Galerkin's method is a weighted residual method for finding approximate solutions to differential equations. It involves: 1) Choosing basis functions to construct an approximate solution and determine coefficients. 2) Making the residual (error between approximate and exact solutions) zero relative to weighting functions, which are chosen as the basis functions. 3) Solving the resulting equations for the coefficients to obtain the approximate solution. An example is worked through where a polynomial function is assumed as the approximate solution to a 1D problem, satisfying the boundary conditions. The potential energy is minimized using the Rayleigh-Ritz method to determine the coefficients.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    1/24/2017

    Lecture 5: Weighted Residual Methods: 
    Galerkin’s Method
    APL705 Finite Element Method

    Weighted Residual Methods
    • Here we start with a set of governing differential 
    equations.
    • Consider a set of governing equations on region V as
    Lu = P
    • Here L is an operator operating on the displacements u. In the 
    previous example of one‐dimensional problem this will be
    d ⎛ du ⎞
    ⎜ EA ⎟ = 0
    dx ⎝ dx ⎠
    • Here the operator L is replaced by  d d
    EA ( ) = 0
    operating on u dx dx

    1
    1/24/2017

    Galerkin’s Method
    • This is a weighted residual method
    To find an exact solution forLu = P , it should be satisfied at all x; 
    To find an exact solution for  , it should be satisfied at all x;
    however, for an approximate solution     , it will introduce an error ε(x), 
    called the residual which can be expressed as follows:

    The approximation methods attempt to make the residual zero relative 
    to a weighting function Wi as

    ∫W (Lu~ − P)dV = 0 i = 1ton


    V
    i

    Depending on the choice of a weighting function Wi gives rise to 
    various methods. In Galerkin’s method, weighting function Wi is 
    chosen from the basis function used to construct     .

    Galerkin’s Method
    • The method is outlined below
    Choose a basis function G
    Ch b i f ti Gi and determine coefficients Q
    dd t i ffi i t Qi in 
    i
    n
    ~
    u = QG ∑
    i =1
    i i
    Such that
    ∫ φ (Lu~ − P)dV = 0
    V
    n

    For every φ
    For of the type φ = ∑φiGi where coefficients φ
    every φ of the type  where coefficients φi are 
    are
    i =1
    arbitrary except that φ has to satisfy the boundary homogeneous 
    boundary conditions. The solution of the resulting equations Qi
    then gives the approximate solution    .

    2
    1/24/2017

    Galerkin’s Method: Illustrative example

    Assuming a polynomial function u = a + a x + a x 2
    1 2 3
    This function should be satisfied at the two boundaries: u=0 at
    This function should be satisfied at the two boundaries: u=0 at 
    x=0 and x=2. Therefore  0 = a1 and 0 = +2a2 + 4a3
    ∴ a2 = −2a3
    u = a3 (−2x + x 2 ) ⇒ u1 = −a3
    Next we will find he potential energy
    du
    = a3 (−1+
    ( 1+ x))
    dx
    2
    π = ∫ 4a32 (−1+ x)2 dx − 2(−a3 )
    0
    2
    = 2a32 ∫ (1− 2x + x 2 )dx + 2a3 = 2a32 ( 23 ) + 2a3
    0

    Rayleigh‐Ritz Method: Illustrative example
    ∂π
    Now to find minimum potential energy we se = 2a3 ( 23 ) + 2 = 0
    ∂a3
    a3 = −0.75
    0 u1 = −a3 = 0.75
    0
    Next let us find the stress in the bar σ = E du = 1.5(1− x)
    dx

    You might also like