Structural Design of a ductile shear wall as per IS-13920:1993

Typical Example 1

Typical stress resultants for an assumed shear wall:

 Shear force, Vu  600 kN

 Axial force, Pu  8120 kN
 Axial force on boundary element = 1550 KN.
 Moment, Mu 6105 kN  m

The material properties for concrete and reinforcing steel are assumed as follows:

 Concrete grade, M 30, f ck  30 MPa

 Reinforcement steel grade HYSD Fe-415

CL-9.1.2: (Minimum thickness should not be less than 150 mm)

Assuming thickness of shear wall = 250mm

Length of the wall, Lw  4000 mm

CL-9.1.5: Since the thickness of shear wall is 250 mm i.e. > 200mm and also the factored shear
stress (  v ) is greater than 0.25 f ck the reinforcement (vertical as well as horizontal) shall be
provided in two curtains.

CL-9.1.6: Diameter of bar used is horizontal and vertical reinforcement is 8 mm, which is
smaller than 1 250   25 mm
10

CL-9.1.7: Maximum spacing of reinforcement shall not exceed the follo0wing

Lw
(i)  4000  800 mm
5 5
(ii) 3 t w  3  250  750mm
(iii) 450 mm

Providing spacing in horizontal & vertical directions as 150 mm

Shear Strength requirement:

Vu
CL-9.2.1: Nominal stress is the wall,  v 
t w dw

d w  0.8  Lw  0.8  4000  3200

600  10 3
v   0.75 N / mm 2
250  3200

For M-30 grade concrete  c max  3.5 MPa (T-20, IS-456:2000)

Assuming minimum (0.25%) steel, in the wall for vertical as well as horizontal direction.

For Pt  0.25%, c  0.37MPa (T-19, IS-456:2000)

Since,  c   v   c max ; shear reinforcement will be required.

Horizontal shear reinforcement:-

CL-9.2.5: Vw  ( v   c )  twdw  304 kN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm diameter horizontally aligned closed stirrups along the height of wall

Spacing of Stirrups = Sv  0.87 f y Ah dw / Vus

0.87  415  2  50.26  3200

  382.028 mm c / c
304  1000


2  82
 4  0.00105
382.028  250

Providing spacing of 150 mm c / c

Then,  = 0.00268 OK.

Hence providing 2-Legged 8 mm diameter horizontally aligned closed stirrups at 150 mm c/c
along entire height of the shear wall

CL-9.2.6: Vertical reinforcement shall be uniformly distributed in the wall section and, shall not
be less than the horizontal reinforcement

Vertical reinforcement: 2-legged 8 mm diameter @ 150 mm c/c

Check for flexural strength: (with reference to Annex ‘A’)

CL-9.3.1:

   
*
xu xu 0.0035
   , 
Lw  2  0.36  Lw
0.0035 
0.87 f y
Es

0.87 f y  p
 ,   Pu f t l
f ck ck w w

Ast
 (Vertical re inf orcement ratio )
t wl w


2
 8 2  3200
 4  0.00268
250  150  3200

0.87  415  0.00268

  0.03225
30

8120  1000
  0.3383
30  250  3200

xu 0.03225  0.3383
  0.8729
l w 2  0.003225  0.36

*
xu 0.0035
  0.6597
lw 0.87  415
0.0035 
2  10 5

xu* xu
  1.0;
lw lw Hence equation (b) of Annex ‘A’ (IS-13920:1993) will be applicable.

Mw
2
  1 ( xu / l w )   2 ( xu / l w ) 2   3   / 2
f ck t w (l w )
 1  [0.36   (1   / 2  1 / 2 )]

 0.516 1 
1  [0.36  0.03225 1     0.3526
 2 2  0.516 

0.87 f y 0.87  415

   0.516
0.0035E s 0.0035  2  10 5

   2 1 
 2  0.15  1     
 2  2 3 
 0.03225  0.516 2 1 
 0.15  1  0.516   
 2  2 3  0.516 
 0.166

  1  0.03225  1 
3    3     3
6   ( xu / l w  6  0.516  0.8729 

  0.0193

x 
The value of  u  to be used for computing  3 should preferably be determined by solving the
 lw 
following quadratic equation.
2
x  x 
 1  u    4  u    5  0
 lw   lw 

 
 4       0.2758
 

  
 5     0.0313
 2 
 xu
Let , z
lw

Then the above equation can be written as

0.3526 z 2  (0.2758)  0.0313  0

0.2758  0.27582  4  0.3526  0.0313
z1 , z 2 
2  0.3526

0.2758  0.3467
  0.8827 ,  0.1005
0.7052

Considering the positive root i.e.

xu
z  0.8827
lw

0.03225  1 
 3    3    0.0194
6  0.516  0.8827 
2
M uv x  x 
 2
 1  u    2  u    3   / 2
f ck tw (lw )  lw   lw 

 0.3526(0.8827)  0.166(0.8827)2  (0.0194)  0.3383 / 2

 0.03215
 M uv  0.03215  30  250  (3200) 2  2469.12 kN  m

Remaining Moment

 6105  2469.12  3635.88 kN  m

Shall be resisted by reinforcement in boundary element

Check on Boundary Elements:

Cross-sectional properties:-

l w  4000 mm , t w  250 mm
Ag 1000  10 3 mm 2

t wl w
3
250  4000 3
Iy   1.333  1012 mm 4
12 12

Combined stress at edge of wall

Pu M u lw
  ( y) y
Ag Iy 2

8120  10 3 6105  10 6  3200 

   
1000  10 3 1.333  1012  2 

 8.120  7.328

Maximum stress = 15.448 N/mm2

CL-9.4.1:

0.2 f ck  0.2  30  6  15.448 MPa

If 0.2 fck  extreme fibrecompressive stress

 Boundary elements are required in shear wall.

Providing a boundary element of length 700mm and width 250mm at each end of the shear
wall

Design of boundary elements:

CL-9.4.2: Axial Compressive load on the boundary element due to the seismic forces

 M u  M uv  C w
 (6105  2469.12) 3.3
 1101.78 kN
Required axial load capacity of boundary element = axial load due to gravity effects + axial load
due to seismic forces = 1150+1101.78 = 2651.78 KN

CL- 9.4.4: Adopting 2% vertical reinforcement in boundary elements.

2  700  250
Asc provided   3500mm2
100

CL- 9.4.2: The boundary element shall be assumed to behave as a axially loaded short column.

 Pb  0.447 f ck Ag  ( f sc  0.447 f ck ) Asc

f sc  0.79 f y for f e 415 steel

Pb  0.447  30  700  250  (0.79  415  0.447  30)  3500

 3447.290 kN  3651.78 kN
OK.

Area of steel for each boundary element= 3500 mm2

Providing 6 # 22  + 4 # 16  in each element

Asc provided = 3537.43 > 3500mm2 OK.

CL-9.4.5: Special confining reinforcement in Boundary element as per CL-7.4.8

Area of special confining reinforcement bar

f ck  Ag 
Ash  0.18Sh   1.0
fy  Ak 

Ag  700  250 175000 mm 2

Ak  (700  2  40)  (250  2  40) 105400mm 2

Since the dimension of core is greater than 300mm, cross tie will have to be used.

620
h  206.67 mm
3

CL-7.4.6: Spacing S of confining rectangular loop:-

1
 250  62.5 mm
4
 Not less than 75 m & not more than 100mm

S  75 mm

30  700  250 
Ash  0.18  75  206.67  1
415  620  170 

133.18 mm 2

Adopting 16 mm diameter confining loop at a spacing 75 mm c/c

Asc provided = 201mm2 > 133.18mm2, OK.

2-L, 8 dia @150 m c/c

4 # 16 
250mm

6 # 22

700 mm 700 mm

2-L, 8 dia @150 m c/c

4000 mm

Sectional plan of shear wall

Typical Example 2

Typical stress resultant for the assumed shear wall

 Shear force, Vu 1800 kN

 Axial force, Pu  5000kN
 Moment, M u 12500 kN  m
 Axial force on boundary element = 1000 KN

Material properties for concrete & steel are assumed as follows:

Grade of concrete M 20, f ck  20 MPa

Reinforcing steel grade HYSD, Fe 415

CL- 9.1.2: (Minimum thickness >= 150mm)

Assuming thickness of shear wall = 250mm

Length of the wall l w  6000 mm

CL- 9.1.5: Since the thickness of shear wall is 250mm i.e >200 mm and also the factored shear
stress  v is greater than 0.25 f ck the reinforcement (vertical as well as horizontal) shell be
provided in two curtains.

CL-9.1.6: Diameter of bar used in horizontal and vertical reinforcement is 8 mm, which is
smaller than 1  250  25 mm OK.
10

CL-9.1.7: Maximum spacing of reinforcement shall not exceed the following

l w 6000
(i)  1200 mm
5 5
(ii) 3t w  750 mm
(iii) 450 mm

Providing spacing in horizontal & vertical direction as 150 mm

Shear strength Requirement:

CL-9.2.1: Nominal shear stress in the wall,

Vu
v 
twd w

d w  6000  0.8 4800

1800
v  1.5 MPa
250  4800

CL-9.2.2: Design strength of concrete as per T-13 of IS 456:2000

For 0.25% reinforcement & M20 grade concrete,  c  0.36MPa

CL-9.2.3: The nominal shear stress  c , shall not exceed  c max as per T-14 of IS 456:2000

 c max for M20 = 2.8 MPa.

 v (1.5)  c max (2.8) OK.

CL- 9.2.4:  v (1.5)   c (0.36) then shear reinforcement shall be provided.

CL-9.2.5:

Vw  ( v   c )  t w d w

 (1.5  0.36)  250  4800 1368 kN

Assuming 2-legged 8 mm diameter horizontally aligned closed stirrups along height of the wall

Spacing along height of the wall

0.87 f y Aw d w
Spacing of stirrups, S v 
Vw

0.87  415  2  50.26  4800

 128.20 mm c / c
1368000
 
2  82
 4  0.0032
128.20  250

Providing spacing of 125 mm c/c

  0.00324 OK.

Hence providing 2-Legged 8 mm diameter horizontally aligned closed stirrups @125 mm c/c
along entire height of shear wall.

CL-9.2.6: Vertical reinforcement shall not be less than horizontal reinforcement.

 Vertical reinforcement: 2-L 8mmφ @125 mm c/c

Check for flexural strength: (with reference to Annex ‘A’)

CL- 9.3.1:

 xu       xu  0.0035
     ;   
 lw   2  0.36   lw  0.0035  0.87 f y
Es

0.87 f y  Pu
 , 
f ck f ck t w l w

Ast
 (Vertical re inf orcement ratio)
twlw


2  8 2  4800
 4  0.0032
250  125  4800

0.87  415  0.0032

  0.0577
20

5000  1000
  0.2083
20  250  4800
 xu 0.0577  0.2083
  0.5595
l w 2  0.0577  0.36

*
xu 0.0035
  0.6597
lw 0.87  415
0.0035 
2  10 5

*
x x
 u u  Using equation (a) for calculating M uv
lw lw

M uv     1 x   xu 
2
  3 
   1     0.416 u      0.168  
f ck t w l w
2
    2 lw   lw   3 


0.87 f y
  0.516
0.0035E s

M uv  0.2083   1  2 0.516 3 
  0.0577 1     0.416  0.5595   0.5595  0.168  
f ck t w l w
2
 0.0577   2   3 

 0.0665

 M uv  0.0665  20  250  6000 2 1197 kN  m

Remaining moment; M u  M uv 12500  11970  530 kN  m shall be resisted by reinforcement

in boundary element.

Check on Boundary elements:

Cross-sectional properties:-

l w  6000 mm, t w  250 mm

Ag 1500000 mm 2
 3
 250  6000
t wl w 3
Iy  4.5  1012 mm4
12 12

P4 M u 5000  10 3 12500  10 6  3000

fc    
Ag I y 1500  10 3 4.5  1012

11.67
11.67 N / mm 2  4.0 N / mm 2 (0.2 f ck )

Hence providing Boundary element

Design of Boundary element:

Providing boundary element of length 600 mm & width 250mm at each end of the shear wall

CL-9.4.2: Axial compressive load on building element due to seismic forces


M u  M uv 
Cw
 (12500  11970  98.148 kN
5.4

Required axial load capacity of boundary element 100kN  1000 kN  1100 kN

CL-9.4.4: Providing nominal minimum reinforcement i.e. 0.8%

0.8  600  250

 Asc provided  1200 mm 2
100

CL-9.4.2: Boundary element shall be assumed to behave as a axially loaded short column

 Pb  0.447 f ck Ag  ( f s  0.477 f ck ) Asc

f sc  0.79 f y for f e 415 steel

Pb  0.447  20  600  250  0.79  415  0.44  20  1200

OK.
1723.692 kN  1100 kN

Area of steel for each boundary element = 1200mm2

 
Providing 6 nos. 16φ in each boundary element Asc provided = 6   16 2  1206 mm 2
4

CL-9.4.5: Special confining reinforcement bar as per CL 7.4.8

Cross-sectional area of special confining reinforcement bar

f ck  Ag 
Ash  0.18Sh  1.0
f y  Ak 

Ag  600  250 1500  10 3 mm 2

Ak  (600  240)  (250  2  40)  520  170 mm 2

Using one cross tie as dimension is larger than 300 mm

520
h   260 mm
2

CL- 7.4.6: Spacing of confining rectangular loop,

1
S=  250  62.5 mm
40

Not less than 75 mm & not greater than 100 mm

S  75 mm

20  600  250 
 Ash  0.18  75  260   1.0
415  520  170 
117.87 mm 2

Adopting 16mm diameter bar for confining loop at a spacing of 75 mm c/c.

 2-L, 8 dia @125 m c/c
600 mm

250mm

600 mm

6 #16 2-L, 8 dia @ 125 m c/c

6000 mm

Sectional plan of shear wall