Situation - Refer to Figure FR-001.

A reinforced concrete floor  252   2

consists of beams (b x h = 300 mm x 500 mm). Clear concrete As  2    981.75 mm
cover = 50 mm; S = 2.5m; L1 = 5.3m; L2 = 5.8m; L3 = 5.3m; Slab  4 
thickness, t = 100 mm; concrete strength, f’c = 30 MPa; steel
strength, fy = 415 MPa; main reinforcement = 25 mm diameter; Check Section Classification.
stirrups = 12mm diameter. Assume 300x300 column dimensions. 0.05
2
1  0.85   fc ' 28 
U = 1.2D + 1.6L. Consider beam JK and use w ul n for positive 7
16 0.05
moment and w uln 2 for negative moment. Where ln is the clear span
 0.85   30  28
7
11
for positive moment and average of adjacent clear spans for  0.836
negative moment
0.85f c '  3  0.85(30)
 0.836  
3
 max TC  1   
fy 8 415 8
 0.01926

A s act. 981.75
act.  
bwd 300(425.5)
 0.00769

act.  max TC , therefore SRB, steel yields

and section is tension-controlled
Figure FR-001 fs  f y and  = 0.90

A sf s 981.75(415)
1. Beam JK is reinforced with 2 - Ø25 mm continuous top bars and 2 a 
- Ø25 mm continuous bottom bars. At ends J and K, 2 - Ø25 mm top 0.85f c ' b 0.85(30)(300)
bars are added. Find the safe ultimate load, wu (kN/m), on beam JK  53.26 mm
based on the given midspan reinforcements.
 a w l 2
Solution: M u  Asfs  d    u n
 2 16
d  500  50  12  0.5(250
53.26  w u (5.5) 2
 425.5 mm 
0.90(981.75)(415)  425.5 
 2 

16
1x106  
w u  77.36 kN/m

1|Page
2. Beam JK is reinforced with 2 - Ø25 mm continuous top bars and 2 3. Find the maximum safe uniform service liveload (kN/m) that can be
- Ø25 mm continuous bottom bars. At ends J and K, 2 - Ø25 mm supported by beam JK if it already carries a factored deadload of
top bars are added. Find the safe ultimate load, wu (kN/m), on beam 18kN/m.
JK based on the given end reinforcements.
Solution:
Solution: Section at midspan is critical.

Use w u  77.36 kN/m .

 25  
2
2 w u  1.2w D  1.6w L
As  4    625 mm
 4  77.36  18  1.6w L
w L  37.1 kN/m
Check Section Classification.
A s act. 625
act.  
bwd 300(425.5)
 0.01538

act.  max TC , therefore SRB, steel yields

and section is tension-controlled
fs  f y and  = 0.90

A sf s 625(415)
a 
0.85f c ' b 0.85(30)(300)
 106.52 mm

 a w l 2
M u  Asfs  d    u n
 2 11
2
106.52  w u  5  5.5 

0.90(625)(415)  425.5 
 2

 11

 2
 1x10

6
 
w u  108.94 kN/m

2|Page
Situation - A reinforced concrete beam is 300 mm wide with an
effective depth of 400 mm. Use f’c= 21 MPa and fy = 415 MPa.
The section is reinforced with 6– ϕ25mm tension bars.

1. At failure, determine the stress in the tension steel.

Solution:
0.85f c '  600 
act  1  
fs  600  fs 
2945.24 0.85(21)  600 
 (0.85)  
300(400) fs  600  fs 
fs  378.90 MPa < f y

Steel will not yiled, fs  378.90 MPa

Note: If fs  f y , Use fs  f y

2. Determine the total tensile force (kN) in the steel at nominal

strength.
Solution:
T  Asfs  2945.24(378.90)  1115.95 kN

3. Calculate the nominal flexural strength (MPa) of the section.

Solution:
A sf s 2945.24(378.90)
a   208.39 mm
0.85f c ' b 0.85(21)(300)

 a  208.39 
M n  T  d    1115.95  400  
 2  2 
 330.10 kN-m

3|Page
Situation - A 7 m simply supported beam is reinforced with 2-28 mmØ
at the top and 4-28 mmØ at the bottom. Concrete covering to
centroid of reinforcement is 65 mm at top and bottom of the
section. The beam has a total depth of 500 mm and width of 350
mm. fc’=28 MPa and fy=415 MPa. Consider the following
specifications and using 2010 NSCP:
i. compression steel may be ignored when steel ratio ρ ≤
0.6344ρb.

ii. when compression steel is considered, effects of displaced

concrete may be ignored. Likewise, assume compression steel
will yield.

1. Determine the depth of the equivalent rectangular stress block. 2. Determine the ultimate moment capacity of the section.

Solution: Solution:
 a
0.85f c '  600  M u  Asfs  d  
 bal  1   2
fy  600  f y 
   122.71 
 0.90(784)(415)  435  
0.85(28)  600   2 
 (0.85)  
(415)  600  415   343.72 kN-m
 0.02882
3. Determine the maximum total factored uniform load the beam could
 max  0.6344 bal  0.6344(0.02882) support.
 0.01828 Solution:
w ul2
Mu 
As act. 784 8
act.  
bd 350  435
343.72 
 
w u 72
 0.01618 8
w u  56.11 kN/m
act  max , therefore, analyze as SRB.

A sf s 784(415)
a 
0.85f c ' b 0.85(28)(350)
 122.71 mm

4|Page
Situation - A 4m reinforced concrete cantilever beam has a width of 300
mm and a total depth of 570mm with an effective depth of 510 mm.
It is reinforced with 5 - φ28mm tension bars. f’c = 27.5 MPa and
fy = 415 MPa. In addition to live load and its own weight, the beam
carries a 100-mm-thick concrete slab (casted monolithically with
the beam) with a tributary width of 4 m. The unit weight of
concrete is 24 kN/m3 Use 2010 NSCP.

1. Determine the net tensile strain in the extreme tension steel. 2. Calculate the design moment capacity of the beam, in kN-m.

Solution: Solution:

Assume tension steel yields; ε 0.005, within transition zone; solve for ϕ.
A f 980π 415 ε ε
a 182.20 mm ϕ 0.65 0.25 ; or use stat linear
0.85f ′b 0.85 27.5 300 ε 0.005
function on your calculator
Verify if steel really yields;
0.002 0.00414
ϕ 0.65 0.25 0.828
d  0.002 0.005
 t  0.003  t  1
 c 
a
 510  M ϕA f d
 0.003   1 2
 182.20 / 0.85  182.20
0.828 980π 415 570
 0.00414 2
𝟒𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟔 𝐤𝐍 𝐦
ε 0.00414 ε 0.002 , tension steel yields, ok.
3. Calculate the total factored uniform load (kN/m) that can be supported
𝛆𝐭 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟏𝟒 by the beam.
Solution:
w l
M
2
w 4
506.64
2
𝐰𝐮 𝟓𝟓. 𝟑𝟗 𝐤𝐍/𝐦

5|Page
Situation - The beam section at support is given in the figure. Concrete 2. the design flexural strength (kN-m) of the section.
strength fc’=28 MPa and steel yield strength fy=400 MPa.
Solution:
The beam resists a negative moment. Using 2010 NSCP, determine:
 a
M u  Asfs  d  
 2
 88 
 0.90(500)(400)  430  
 2
 218.27 kN-m

3. If the beam is reinforced with 6-ϕ25mm tension bars, determine the

design flexural strength (kN-m) of the section.
Solution:
Assume tension steel yields;
1. the depth(mm) of the equivalent concrete rectangular stress block. A f 2945.24 400
Solution: a 165 mm
0.85f ′b 0.85 28 300
Assume tension steel yields;
A f 500π 400 Verify if steel really yields;
a 88 mm d   430 
0.85f ′b 0.85 28 300  t  0.003  t  1  0.003   1  0.00365
 c   165 / 0.85 
Verify if steel really yields; ε ε 0.00365 0.005
, tension steel yields but not T C.
d 
 t  0.003  t  1
 c 
ε ε
 430  ϕ 0.65 0.25 ; or use stat linear
 0.003   1 ε 0.005
 88 / 0.85 
function on your calculator
 0.00946
0.002 0.00365
ϕ 0.65 0.25 0.788
ε 0.00946 0.005, tension steel yields & T C. , ok. 0.002 0.005
a 88 mm
a
M ϕA f d
2
165
0.788 2945.24 400 430
2
322.59 kN m
6|Page
Situation
Given: Slab thickness, t = 100mm
Effective depth, d = 480 mm
Web width, bw = 300 mm

Materials: Concrete, fc’ = 24 MPa

Steel bar, fy = 415 MPa
𝜙 = 0.90
U = 1.2D + 1.6L
Concrete slab casted monolithically with the beam. The beam will be
reinforced for tension only.

1. If the equivalent width of the concrete flange from the slab bf = 600mm, 2. Determine the maximum number of ϕ28mm tension bars that can be
determine the value of the balanced steel area (mm2) of the section used for the section.

Solution: Solution:
3   3
a max  1c max  1  d t   0.85   (480)
8  8
=153 mm

C=T
0.85f c ' Aconc.  Asf y
0.85(24)[600(100)+300(53)] = As max (415)
As max  3730 mm 2

600d t 600(480) As 3730

c bal    283.74 mm N max   2  6.05
600  f y 600  415 A b 28 
4
a bal  1c bal  0.85(283.74)  241.18 mm
say 6 pcs.
C=T
0.85f c ' Aconc.  Asf y
0.85(24)[600(100)+300(141.18)] = As bal (415)
As bal  5031.38 mm2

7|Page
3. If the beam carries a factored dead load moment of 290 and a factored
live load moment of 245, determine the required number of ϕ28mm
tension bars.
Solution:
C=T
M 290  245
Mn  u   594.45 kN-m 0.85f c ' Aconc.  Asf y
 0.90
0.85(24)[600(100)+300(30.52)] = As (415)
 t As  3400 mm2
M flange  Cf  d  
 2
 100 
 0.85(24)(600)(100)  480  
 2  As 3400
N max   2  5.52
 526.32 kN-m A b 28 
4
M u  M flange , therefore, a > tf say 6 pcs.

M web  M n  M flange
 594.45  526.32
 68.13 kN-m

 at
M web  C w  d  
 2 
 a  100 
68.13x106  0.85(24)(300)(a  100)  480  
 2 
a  130.52 mm

8|Page
Situation - A simply supported rectangular reinforced concrete beam
has a span of 6 m, width of 300 mm, effective depth of 500 mm
and total depth of 600 mm. The beam is reinforced with 4-20mmø
bars. The concrete strength f’c = 21 MPa and the steel yield
strength fy = 415 MPa. In addition to live load and its own weight,
the beam carries a superimposed dead load of 2.4 kPa from slab.
Tributary width for slab is 4 m. The unit weight of concrete is 24
kN/m3. Use 2010 NSCP.

1. Compute the total service uniform dead load on the beam, in kN/m. 3. Find the maximum uniform service live load acting over the entire
Solution: span that can be supported by the beam, in kN/m.
w D  24(0.3)(0.6)  2.4(4) Solution:
 13.92 kN/m w ul2
Mu 
8
2. Which of the following most nearly gives the nominal moment w (62 )
capacity of the beam, in kN-m. 0.90(235.35)  u
8
Solution: w u  47.07 kN-m
Assume tension steel yields;
A f 400π 415 w u  1.2w D  1.6w L
a 97.39 mm
0.85f ′b 0.85 21 300 47.07  1.2(13.92)  1.6w L
w L  18.97 kN/m
Verify if steel really yields;
d   500 
 t  0.003  t  1  0.003   1  0.01009
 c   97.39 / 0.85 
ε 0.005, tension steel yields & T C. , ok.
a
M A f d
2
97.39
400π 415 500
2
235.35 kN m

9|Page
Situation - A reinforced concrete rectangular beam is reinforced with
5 -28 mm ø bars at the bottom and 2 - 28mm ø bars at the top. It
has a width of 375 mm, depth to center of bottom bars of 435 mm,
and an effective concrete cover of 65 mm. f’c = 21 MPa, fy = 415
MPa. At ultimate condition, U = 1.2D + 1.6L.

1. Determine the strain in the tension steel. 2. Calculate the stress (MPa) in compression steel.
Solution: Solution:
0.85f c '  3   d' 
 max  1   fs '  600  1  
fy 8  c
0.85(21)  3  65 
 (0.85)    600  1  
(415) 8  130.51 / 0.85 
 0.01371  346 MPa

As act. 980
act.  
bd 375  435 3. Determine the design flexural strength (kN-m) of the section.
 0.01887
Solution:
act  max , therefore, analyze as DRB.
 a
M1  Cc  d  
Cc  Cs  T  2
 130.51 
0.85fc 'a b  As '  fs ' 0.85f c '   Asf y  0.85(21)(130.51)(375)  435  
 2 
  65    323 kN-m
0.85(21)a(375)  392 600  1    0.85(21) 
  a / 0.85  
 980(415) M 2  Cs  d  d ' 
a  130.51 mm  392  346  0.85(21)  435  65
 149.52 kN-m
d   435 
 t  0.003  t  1  0.003   1
 c   130.51 / 0.85  M u    M1  M 2 
 0.0055  0.90(323  149.52)
ε 0.005, tension steel yields & T C. = 425.26 kN-m

10 | P a g e
Situation - A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an
overall depth of 550 mm. The beam is simply supported over a
span of 6 m. Steel strength fy = 415 MPa and concrete strength fc’
= 28 MPa. Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the
tension steel area as well as for compression steel area if deemed
necessary. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. Other than the
weight of the beam, the beam carries a superimposed dead load of
16 kN/m and a live load of 14 kN/m. Use U = 1.2D + 1.6L at
ultimate condition. ϕ 0.90.

1. Determine the required nominal flexural strength of the beam. 2. Determine the required number of 25 mm tension bars.
Solution: Solution:
w 1.2w 1.6w 0.85f c '  2R n 
1.2 23.5 0.30 0.55 1.2 16 1.6 14  1  1  
fy  0.85f c ' 
kN
46.253
m 0.85(28)  2(3.35) 
 1  1  
415  0.85(28) 
w l 46.253 6
M 208.14 kN m  0.00874
8 8
M
M 231.27 kN m 1.4 1.4
ϕ  min    0.00337
f y 415
Use  = 0.00874

As bd
N 
Ab Ab
0.00874(300)(480)

252  / 4
 2.56  3pcs.

11 | P a g e
3. If the beam will carry an additional moving live load of 100 kN,
which of the following most nearly gives the required total tension
reinforcement area.
Solution:
1.6 100 6
M 208.14 448.14 kN m As1   max bd
4
M 448.14x10  0.01828(300)(480)
R 7.2
ϕbd 0.90 300 480  2,632.34 mm 2

0.85f c '  2R n   a
 1  1   M n  As1f y  d    As2f y  d  d ' 
fy  0.85f c '   2
448.14x10 153
0.85(28)  2(7.2)  2,632.34 415 480
 1  1   0.90 2
415  0.85(28) 
A 415 480 70
 0.02131
A 335.85 mm
0.85f c '  3 
 max TC  1   As  As1  As2
fy 8
 2,632.34  335.85
0.85(28)  3
 (0.85)  
415 8  2,969.19 mm 2
 0.01828

   max , therefore DRB.

12 | P a g e
Situation - A reinforced concrete beam has a width of 300 mm and an 1.4 1.4
effective depth of 510 mm. The beam is simply supported over a ρ 0.00337
f 415
span of 6 m. Steel strength fy = 415 MPa and concrete strength fc’
= 28 MPa. Concrete cover is 70 mm from the centroid of the steel Maximum steel ratio for tension-controlled section:
area. Unit weight of concrete is 23.5 kN/m3. Other than the weight 0.85f 3 0.85 28 3
of the beam, the beam carries a superimposed dead load of 19 ρ β 0.85 0.01828
f 8 415 8
kN/m and a live load of 15 kN/m. Use U = 1.2D + 1.6L at ultimate
condition. ρ ρ ρ , use ρ 0.00864

1. Determine the maximum factored moment on the beam. A ρbd 0.00864 300 510
N 2.7 3 pcs.
Solution: A A 25 π
w 1.2w 1.6w 4
1.2 23.5 0.30 0.58 1.2 19 1.6 15
51.71 kN/m
3. If the beam will carry an additional factored load of 25 kN at
w l 51.71 6 midspan, determine the required number of 28 mm tension bars.
M 232.70 kN m
8 8 Solution:
w l P l 51.71 6 25 6
M 270.20 kN m
8 4 8 4
2. Determine the required number of 25 mm tension bars. M 270.20x10
R 3.848
Solution: ϕbd 0.9 300 510
M 232.70x10
R 3.314
ϕbd 0.9 300 510
0.85f 2R 0.85 28 2 3.848
ρ 1 1 1 1
f 0.85f 415 0.85 28
0.85f 2R
ρ 1 1 0.01018
f 0.85f
ρ ρ ρ , use ρ 0.01018
0.85 28 2 3.314
1 1
415 0.85 28 A ρbd 0.01018 300 510
N 2.53 3 pcs.
A A 28 π
0.00864 4

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