Form NCR 102

NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY
SPECIFICATIONS
FOR
PIPELINE OCCUPANCY OF
NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY PROPERTY
FORM NCR 102
Revised
February 2017
North Carolina Railroad Company
INDEX
Section Title Page No.
1.0 General ................................................................................................................................ 4
1.1 Scope................................................................................................................................... 4
1.2 Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Application for Occupancy ................................................................................................. 4
1.4 Right of Entry ..................................................................................................................... 5
1.5 Site Inspection..................................................................................................................... 5
1.6 Information Required for Submission ................................................................................ 6
1.7 Notification to Proceed with Construction.......................................................................... 7
2.0 General Requirements......................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Use of a Casing Pipe ........................................................................................................... 8
2.2 Location of Pipeline on the Right-of-Way.......................................................................... 8
2.3 Depth of Installation ........................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Pipelines at Public or Private Road Crossings .................................................................... 9
2.5 Modifications of Existing Facilities .................................................................................. 10
2.6 Abandoned Facilities ........................................................................................................ 10
2.7 Conflicts of Specifications ................................................................................................ 10
2.8 Insulation .......................................................................................................................... 10
2.9 Corrosion Protection and Petroleum Leak Prevention...................................................... 10
3.0 Soil Investigation .............................................................................................................. 10
3.1 General .............................................................................................................................. 10
3.2 Location ............................................................................................................................ 11
3.3 Sampling ........................................................................................................................... 11
3.4 Boring Logs ...................................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Additional Information ..................................................................................................... 11
4.0 Design Requirements ........................................................................................................ 12
4.1 Design Loads .................................................................................................................... 12
4.2 Design Assumptions ......................................................................................................... 13
4.3 Casing Pipe ....................................................................................................................... 14
4.4 Carrier Pipe ....................................................................................................................... 18
4.5 Casing Pipe End Seals ...................................................................................................... 20
4.6 Vents ................................................................................................................................. 20
4.7 Signs ................................................................................................................................. 20
4.8 Warning Tape ................................................................................................................... 21
4.9 Shut-off Valves ................................................................................................................. 21
4.10 Cathodic Protection........................................................................................................... 21
Revised: 2/20/2017 Form NCR 102 Page 2 of 30
4.11 Manholes........................................................................................................................... 21
4.12 Box Culverts ..................................................................................................................... 22
4.13 Drainage ............................................................................................................................ 22
4.14 Pipelines on Bridges ......................................................................................................... 22
5.0 Construction Requirements............................................................................................... 23
5.1 Method of Installation ....................................................................................................... 23
5.2 Grouting ............................................................................................................................ 27
5.3 Soil Stabilization ............................................................................................................... 27
5.4 Dewatering ........................................................................................................................ 28
5.5 Safety Requirements ......................................................................................................... 28
5.6 Blasting ............................................................................................................................. 28
5.7 Temporary Track Supports ............................................................................................... 28
5.8 Protection of Drainage Facilities ...................................................................................... 29
5.9 Support of Excavation Adjacent to Track ......................................................................... 29
5.10 Inspection and Testing ...................................................................................................... 30
5.11 Reimbursement of Costs ................................................................................................... 30
APPENDIX
Title Page No.
Plate I Pipe Data Sheet ........................................................................................................... 31
Plate II Plan View of Drawings when Facility is a Crossing ................................................... 32
Plate III Pipeline Crossing ........................................................................................................ 33
Plate IV Longitudinal Occupancy ............................................................................................. 34
Plate V Longitudinal Occupancy ............................................................................................. 35
Plate VI Pipeline in Highway Under Railroad Bridge .............................................................. 36
Plate VII Pipeline on Highway Bridge Over Railroad................................................................ 37
Plate VIII Test Boring Log .......................................................................................................... 38
Plate IX Lateral Pressure Diagram ............................................................................................ 39
Plate X Sample Weatherproof Sign .......................................................................................... 40
Plate XI Example Plan View for Pipeline .................................................................................. 41
Plate XII Example Profile View for Pipeline ............................................................................. 42

1.0 General
1.1 Scope
A. This specification shall apply to the design and construction of pipelines carrying either
flammable or non-flammable substances and casings containing either wires and/or cables
across and along North Carolina Railroad Company (NCRR) property and facilities. This
specification shall also apply to tracks owned by others (sidings, industry tracks, etc.)
connected to NCRR and used by the Operating Railroad.
B. It is to be clearly understood that NCRR owns its right-of-way for the primary purpose of
railroad operations. All occupancies shall therefore be designed and constructed so that
operations and facilities are not interfered with, interrupted or endangered. In addition, the
proposed facility shall be located to minimize encumbrance to the right-of-way so that
railroad will have unrestricted use of its property for current and future operations.
1.2 Definitions
A. NCRR North Carolina Railroad Company
B. Operating Railroad A railroad company designated by NCRR to operate trains
on its property. Currently, Norfolk Southern Corporation
(NS), and in some places CSX Transportation (CSXT).
C. Engineering Representative Person or persons designated by NCRR to review and
approve plans for pipeline occupancies of its property.
Currently HNTB North Carolina, P.C.
D. Owner (Applicant) Individual, corporation, municipality desiring occupancy of
NCRR property.
E. Professional Engineer Engineer licensed in North Carolina
F. Casing Pipe Pipe through which the carrier pipe is installed.
G. Sidings or industry tracks Tracks located off NCRR’s right-of-way, serving an
industry.
1.3 Application for Occupancy
A. Corporations or municipalities desiring occupancy of NCRR property by pipeline
occupations must agree, upon approval of the engineering and construction details by the
Engineering Representative, to execute an appropriate NCRR utility occupancy agreement
and pay any required fees and/or rentals specified therein. Applications will be accepted
from the Owner or his designated representative, herein after referred to as the Applicant.
B. The application for an occupancy shall be by application addressed to the Engineering
Representative, HNTB North Carolina, P.C., 343 East Six Forks Road, Suite 200, Raleigh,
North Carolina 27609, attn. Manager, NCRR Pipes and Wires Occupancy Agreement
Process. Provide information requested on the Application Forms including the following:
1. Full name of Owner.
2. Complete mailing address of the applicant.
3. Name and title of person who will sign the agreement.
4. Name of representative or contact person who will handle the request.
5. The State in which the applicant is incorporated.

C. Applications shall only be made on the forms provided by the North Carolina Railroad.
Contact the Engineering Representative at the above address for instructions, forms and
further information. Application forms, instructions and specifications may also be
obtained on the NCRR website (http://www.ncrr.com/corridor-access/best-practices-for-
utilities/).
D. All applications for the proposed occupancy shall be submitted in three (3) copies.
Applications shall be accompanied with three (3) copies of all design and construction
plans and three (3) copies of all specifications and engineering computations for the
proposed occupancy. On extensive projects, only those plans involving work on, or
affecting NCRR property and operations, shall be submitted. Included shall be a plan
showing the extent of the total project upon which that portion of the work affecting NCRR
is clearly defined.
E. All of the above plans, specifications and computations must be prepared by and bear the
seal of a Professional Engineer registered in the State of North Carolina.
1.4 Right of Entry
A. No entry upon NCRR property for the purpose of conducting surveys, field inspections,
obtaining soils information or any other purposes associated with the design and
construction for the proposed occupancy, will be permitted without a proper right of entry
permit prepared and issued by the North Carolina Railroad Company. The applicant must
furnish required insurances, pay the associated fees, if any, and execute the right of entry
permit.
B. It is to be clearly understood that the issuance of a right of entry permit does not constitute
authority to proceed with any construction. Construction cannot begin until a formal utility
occupancy agreement is executed by NCRR, the Operating Railroad and Owner; and the
Owner then receives permission from the Engineering Representative to proceed with the
work.
1.5 Site Inspection
A. For longitudinal occupancy of NCRR property a site inspection along the proposed wire,
cable or conduit route may be required before final design plans are prepared. When a site
inspection is required, the applicant and/or his engineer must meet with the Engineering
Representative to view the entire length of the proposed occupancy.
B. Prior to the site inspection the applicant must submit the following information:
1. A plan view of the proposed route showing all tracks, both NCRR right-of-way lines
and all other facilities located on the right-of-way. The distance from the proposed
pipeline to both the adjacent track and the right-of-way lines must be shown.
2. A complete "Pipe Data Sheet". (See Plate I)
3. Typical cross sections along the proposed route. (See Plate V)
C. Site inspections for pipe crossings are not required unless, in the opinion of the Engineering
Representative, the size and location of the facility warrant an inspection.

1.6 Information Required for Submission

1.6.1 Plans and Computations
A. Plans for proposed pipeline occupancies shall be submitted to the NCRR Engineering
Representative and approved by the Engineering Representative prior to NCRR
issuing a Utility Occupancy Agreement and the start of construction.
B. Plans are to be prepared in sizes no larger than half-size (preferably 11”x17”). Where
more than one plan is involved, the plans shall be assembled into complete sets by
the applicant before submission. Failure of the applicant to comply with these
requirements may be sufficient cause for rejection of the application.
C. Plans shall be drawn to scale and shall include the following information as a
minimum. (See Plates I to VII)
1. Plan view of proposed pipeline in relation to all NCRR facilities and facilities
immediately adjacent to NCRR including, but not limited to, tracks, buildings,
signals, pole lines, other utilities and all other facilities that may affect or
influence the pipeline design and construction. (See Plate II)
2. The location, in feet, of the pipe crossing from the lowest nearest Milepost
(NCRR only accepts positive mileposts (Ex. MP 320 + 1000’)) and/or from the
centerline of a NCRR bridge, giving the bridge number. If the above is not
available, provide distance to the nearest highway grade crossing of the railroad.
The AAR/DOT number of the grade crossing should be indicated on the plans.
The number is on a metal tag located on the cross buck or flasher post in the
format 123 456B. (See Plate II)
3. The name of the City/Town and County in which the proposed facilities are
located.
4. The profile of the ground above the centerline of the pipe, from field survey,
showing relationship of the pipeline and/or casing pipe to the ground levels, the
tracks and other facilities. (See Plate III) For longitudinal occupations, the top of
rail profile of the adjacent track shall be shown on the pipeline profile. (See Plate
IV) Actual depths shall be shown.
5. Show all known property lines and NCRR right-of-way lines. Show dimensions
from the centerline of track to the right-of-way line and the overall width of the
NCRR right-of-way. If the pipeline is located within 100 feet of a public or
private roadway crossing, show the distance from the edge of pavement. (See
Plate II)
6. The angle of the crossing in relation to the centerline of the track(s). (See Plate
II)
7. For crossings, include theoretical embankment lines for all tracks in accordance
Section 4.3.1.F of this specification. (See Plate III)
8. On pipelines having valves, the distance in feet along the pipeline from the
crossing to the nearest valves and/or control stations.
9. A separate "Pipe Data Sheet" (See Plate I) shall be submitted on an 8 ½-inch by
11-inch sheet, for each pipeline and/or casing pipe.

10. The following note shall be included on all plan and profile sheets:
All work on NCRR Right of Way to be performed in accordance with North
Carolina Railroad Specifications NCR 101 “Specifications for Wire, Conduit
and Cable Occupations of North Carolina Railroad Company Property”,
NCR 102 “Specifications for Pipeline Occupancy of North Carolina
Railroad Property” and “North Carolina Railroad / Norfolk Southern
Railway – Special Provisions for Protection of Railway Interests (Current
version)”.
If the occupancy application is for a pipeline occupancy only, reference to NCR
101 can be omitted.
11. A cross section of the pipeline shall be included on the plan view drawing. The
cross section shall show the carrier pipe, casing pipe and any supports.
D. For all installations on NCRR property and under tracks that are not owned NCRR
but are used by the operating railroad (i.e. private industry tracks), the plans shall be
prepared to the same requirements as if the tracks were owned by NCRR.
E. These items cannot have an alternative and any application that is received that
indicates options in any of the above items will not be processed.
F. Once the application has been approved by the Engineering Representative, no
variance from the approved plans, specifications, method of installation, construction,
etc., will be considered or permitted without the payment to the Engineering
Representative of additional fees for the re-processing and review of the application.
Revisions to the approved plans may also impact the utility occupancy license fee.
G. All plans and computations associated with the work under the agreement shall be
prepared by, and bear the seal of, a Professional Engineer. If not so imprinted, the
application will be given no further consideration. This requirement also applies to all
data submitted by the Owner's contractor. Contractor's plans and computations that
are not stamped will be returned and construction will not be permitted to proceed.
1.6.2 Specifications
A. Project specifications for all work on and affecting the railroad right-of-way, shall be
included with the submission. All pertinent requirements of this document shall be
included.
1.7 Notification to Proceed with Construction
A. After approval of the engineering plans and specifications and execution of the Occupancy
Agreement, the Owner will be notified of the appropriate Operating Railroad office/contact
person that must be contacted prior to start of construction. The Operating Railroad will
provide inspection of the project and coordinate all other construction aspects of the project
that relate to railroad operations (flagging, track work, protection of signal cables, etc.).
B. The scheduling of work is subject to the availability of Operating Railroad force account
support. The Owner shall coordinate with the Operating Railroad for scheduling of work on
the NCRR right of way. No work shall be performed without the approval of the Operating
Railroad. Typically, the Operating Railroad must be notified a minimum of seventy-two
(72) hours prior to desired start of construction.

2.0 General Requirements

2.1 Use of a Casing Pipe
A. Casing pipes will be required for all pipeline crossings carrying liquid flammable or
nonflammable substances under pressure. A casing pipe is also required for underground
wire and cable crossings.
B. For flammable and nonflammable gas pipelines the casing pipe may be omitted provided
the carrier pipe meets the requirements provided in the AREMA manual Chapter 1, Part 5,
Section 5.2.3. The Engineering Representative may require use of a casing pipe at locations
where increased risks from specific site conditions (track speed, traffic density, etc.) are
present.
C. For non-pressure sewer or drainage crossings, where the installation can be made by open
cut (see Section 5.1.2 of this specification) the casing pipe may be omitted.
D. Pressure pipelines that do not cross under the track but are located within 25’ feet of the
nearest track on NCRR right of way or located closer than 45 feet to nearest point of any
bridge, building or other important structure (as determined by the Engineering
Representative), shall be encased.
E. The casing pipe shall be laid across the entire width of the right-of-way except where a
greater length is required to comply with Section 4.3.1.F of this specification, even though
such extension is beyond the right-of-way. For non-pressure sewer or drainage crossings,
where a casing is used for carrier pipe installation purposes only, the casing need only to
extend from the boring pit to the receiving pit. Bore pits shall be located as close to the
NCRR right of way line as possible.
2.2 Location of Pipeline on the Right-of-Way
A. Pipelines laid longitudinally on NCRR's right-of-way shall be located as far as practicable
from any tracks and other important structures and as close to the railroad property line as
possible. Longitudinal pipelines must not be located in earth embankments or within
ditches located on the right-of-way. No new longitudinal pipelines will be installed within
25 feet of the centerline of track.
B. Pipelines shall be located, where practicable, to cross tracks at approximately right angles
to the track, but preferably at an angle to the centerline of track of not less than 45 degrees.
C. Pipelines shall not be placed within a culvert, under railroad bridges, nor closer than 50 feet
to any portion of any railroad bridge, building, or other important structure (as determined
by the Engineering Representative), except in special cases, and then by special design, as
approved by the Engineering Representative.
D. Pipelines shall not be located within the limits of a turnout (switch) when crossing the
track. The limits of the turnout extend from the point of the switch to the last long timber.
E. Pipelines carrying liquefied petroleum gas shall, where practicable, cross the railroad where
tracks are carried on embankment.
F. Parallel uncased gas pipelines must not be located within 25 feet of any track.

2.3 Depth of Installation

2.3.1 Pipelines Conveying Non-Flammable Substances
A. Casing/carrier pipes placed under NCRR track(s) shall be not less than 66 inches
from the base of rail to top of pipe at its closest point, except that under sidings or
industry tracks this distance may be 52 inches as approved by the Engineering
Representative. On other portions of the right-of-way, where the pipe is not directly
beneath any track, the minimum depth from ground surface to the top of pipe shall be
48 inches and from bottom of ditch to top of pipe the minimum depth shall not be
less than 36 inches.
B. Where 36 inches from the bottom of ditch to top of pipe cannot be maintained, a
concrete slab 6-inches deep shall be installed a minimum of 12 inches above the top
of the casing pipe. The concrete slab shall be twice the width of the pipeline or casing
pipe and shall be the length of the ditch to protect the pipeline or casing pipe during
railroad maintenance. All locations must be approved by an Engineering
Representative.
C. Pipelines laid longitudinally on NCRR's right-of-way, 50 feet or less from centerline
track, shall be buried not less than 48 inches from ground surface to top of pipe.
Where the pipeline is laid more than 50 feet from centerline of track, the minimum
cover shall be at least 36 inches.
2.3.2 Pipelines Conveying Flammable Substances
A. Casing pipes under NCRR track(s) shall be not less than 66 inches from base of rail
to top of pipe at its closest point, except that under sidings or industry tracks this
distance may be 52 inches as approved by the Engineering Representative. On other
portions of the right-of-way, where the pipe is not directly beneath any track, the
minimum depth from ground surface to top of pipe shall be 4 feet and from bottom of
ditch to top of pipe the minimum depth shall not be less than 3 feet.
B. Uncased gas pipelines, under NCRR track(s), shall not be less than 10 feet from the
base of rail to the top of the pipe at its closest point. At all other locations where
crossing the right-of-way, the minimum ground cover must be 72 inches. Where it is
not possible to obtain the above depths, use of a casing pipe will be required.
C. Pipelines laid longitudinally on NCRR's right-of-way, 50 feet or less from centerline
track, shall be buried not less than 72 inches from ground surface to top of pipe.
Where the pipeline is laid more than 50 feet from centerline of track, the minimum
cover shall be at least 60 inches.
2.4 Pipelines at Public or Private Road Crossings
A. Pipelines at public or private road crossings are subject to all the Utility Occupancy
requirements, including those of this specification, and must be designed and installed in
accordance with them.
B. The location of roadway surfaces, sidewalks and other roadway related features must be
clearly shown on the plans.
C. Construction cannot begin until an Occupancy Agreement has been executed between
NCRR and the Owner and proper notification has been given to Operating Railroad. (See
Section 1.7 of this specification)

2.5 Modifications of Existing Facilities

A. The contractor shall be responsible for determining the exact location of existing buried
sewer lines, water lines and/or any other utilities that may conflict with the installation. The
contractor shall endeavor to install the pipeline without interrupting service and/or
damaging other utilities. However, should interrupted service and/or damage to other
utilities occur during the installation, the contractor shall be responsible for quickly
restoring service and repairing damage at no cost to NCRR or the Operating Railroad.
B. Any replacement or modification of an existing carrier pipe and/or casing shall be
considered as a new installation, subject to the requirements of this specification.
2.6 Abandoned Facilities
A. The owner of all abandoned pipe crossings and other occupancies shall notify the
Engineering Representative and the NCRR Infrastructure Manager, in writing, of the
intention to abandon.
B. Abandoned pipelines and casing pipes shall be removed or completely filled with flowable
fill, cement grout, compacted sand or other methods as approved by the Engineering
Representative.
C. Abandoned manholes and other structures shall be completely removed except as otherwise
permitted by the Engineering Representative and NCRR. If permitted to remain, abandoned
manholes and other structures shall be removed to a minimum distance of 2 feet below
finished grade and completely filled with cement grout or compacted sand.
D. If any facilities are going to be abandoned in place during construction, add a note to the
plans “The facilities will be abandoned in place in accordance with NCR 102 Section 2.6”.
2.7 Conflicts of Specifications
A. Where laws or orders of public authority prescribe a higher degree of protection than
specified herein, then the higher degree so prescribed shall be deemed a part of this
specification.
2.8 Insulation
A. Pipelines and casings shall be suitably insulated from underground conduits carrying
electric wires on NCRR property.
2.9 Corrosion Protection and Petroleum Leak Prevention
A. Pipelines on NCRR property that carry petroleum products or hazardous liquids shall be
designed in accordance with current federal, state and/or local regulations that mandate
leak detection automatic shutoff, leak monitoring, and sacrificial anodes and/or exterior
coatings to minimize corrosion and prevent petroleum releases.
3.0 Soil Investigation
3.1 General
A. Test borings or other soil investigations, approved by the Engineering Representative, shall
be made to determine the nature of the underlying material for all pipe crossings with a
diameter of 60 inches or greater and located under track(s). (See Section 1.4 of this
specification relative to the right of entry procedures)
B. Test boring or other soil investigations, approved by the Engineering Representative, shall
be required to determine the nature of the underlying material for all Directional Boring or

Horizontal Directional Drilling under track(s). (See Section 1.4 of this specification
relative the right-of-entry procedures)
C. Test borings or other soil investigations, approved by the Engineering Representative, may
be required when, in the judgment of the Engineering Representative, they are necessary to
determine the adequacy of the design and construction of pipe crossings less than 60 inches
in diameter and for other facilities located on the right-of-way.
3.2 Location
A. Borings shall be made on each side of the track(s), on the centerline of the pipe crossing,
and as close to the track(s) as practicable. (See Section 1.4 of this specification relative to
procedures)
B. Test boring logs shall be accompanied with a plan, drawn to scale, showing the location of
the borings in relation to the track(s) and the proposed pipe.
3.3 Sampling
A. Test borings shall be made in accordance with current ASTM Designation D 1586 except
that sampling must be continuous from the ground surface to 5 feet below the proposed
invert unless rock is encountered before this depth. Where rock is encountered, it is to be
cored using a Series "M" Double Tube Core Barrel, with a diamond bit, capable of
retrieving a rock core at least 1 5/8" in diameter. Individual core runs are not to exceed 5
feet in length.
3.4 Boring Logs
A. Test boring logs shall comply with Plate VIII and clearly indicate all of the following:
1. Boring number as shown on the required boring location plan.
2. Ground elevation at each boring using same datum as the pipeline construction plans.
3. Engineering description of soils or rock encountered.
4. Depth and percent recovery of all soil samples.
5. Depth from surface for each change in strata.
6. Blows for each 6 inches of penetration for the standard penetration test as described in
ASTM D 1586. Blows for lesser penetrations should be recorded.
7. Percent recovery and Rock Quality Designation (RQD) for all rock cores.
8. Depth to ground water while sampling and when it has stabilized in the bore hole.
B. The location of the carrier pipe and/or casing pipe shall be superimposed on the boring logs
before submission to the Engineering Representative.
C. All borings shall be sealed, for their full depth, with a 4-3-1 bentonite-cement-sand grout
after accurate ground water readings have been taken and recorded.
D. Soil samples taken from auger vanes or return wash water are not acceptable.
3.5 Additional Information
A. When directed by the Engineering Representative, additional borings may be required for
the purpose of taking undisturbed thin-wall piston samples or Dennison type samples for
laboratory testing to determine the index and engineering properties of certain soil strata.

4.0 Design Requirements

4.1 Design Loads
4.1.1 General Requirements
A. All pipes, manholes and other facilities shall be designed for the external and internal
loads to which they will be subjected.
B. To allow for placement of additional track(s) or shifting of the existing track(s), all
proposed pipelines or structures shall be designed as if a railroad loading is directly
above the facility.
4.1.2 Earth Load
A. The dead load of the earth shall be considered as 120 pounds per cubic foot unless
soil conditions warrant the use of a higher value.
4.1.3 Railroad Load (Live Load and Impact)
A. The railroad live load used shall be a Cooper E-80 loading. This loading consists of
80-kip axle loads spaced 5 feet on centers.
B. An impact factor of 1.75 (multiply live load by the impact factor) shall be used for
depth of cover up to 5 feet. Between 5 and 30 feet, the impact factor is reduced by
0.03 per foot of depth. Below a depth of 30 feet, the impact factor is one.
C. The values shown in Table 1 shall be used for the vertical pressure on a buried
structure for the various heights of cover.
D. To determine the horizontal pressure caused by the railroad loading on a sheet pile
wall or other structure adjacent to the track, the Boussinesq analysis shall be used.
The load on the track shall be taken as a strip load with a width equal to the length of
the ties, 8 1/2 feet. The vertical surcharge, q (psf), caused by each axle, shall be
uniform and equal to the axle load divided by the tie length and the axle spacing, 5
feet. For the E-80 loading this results in;
q = 80,000 / (8.5 X 5) = 1882 psf.
The horizontal pressure due to the live load surcharge at any point on the wall or
other structure is Ph and can be calculated by the following:
Ph = (2q/π)(β-sin β(cos2α)) (See PLATE IX)
E. The vertical and horizontal pressures given above shall be used unless an alternate
design method is approved by the Engineering Representative. Proposals to use an
alternate design method must include acceptable references and a statement
explaining the justification for choosing the alternate method.

Table 1 – Live Loads, Including Impact for Various Heights of Cover
Height of Cover (ft.) Load (lb./ft2)

2 3800
3 3150
4 2850
5 2550
6 2250
7 1950
8 1700
9 1500
10 1300
12 1000
14 800
16 625
18 500
20 400
25 250
30 150
4.2 Design Assumptions

A. To design a casing pipe or an uncased carrier pipe for the external loads on NCRR's right-
of-way, the following design assumptions shall be used, unless site conditions indicate
more conservative values are required:
B. Flexible Pipe (Steel, DIP, CMP, Tunnel Liner Plate, HDPE)
1. Steel Pipe (Bored and jacked in place)
Spangler's Iowa formula shall be used for design with:
a. Deflection lag factor Df = 1.5
b. Modulus of soil reaction E'= 1080 psi
c. Bedding constant Kb = 0.096
d. Soil loading constant Ku = 0.13
e. Allowable deflection of pipe 3% of pipe diameter
2. Ductile Iron Pipe (Open Cut)
ANSI Specification A 21.50 shall be used for design with:
a. Pipe laying condition = Type 3 (see Sec. 5.1.2 for backfill requirements on RR
R/W)
b. Earth load: ANSI A 51.50 prism method
3. Corrugated Steel Pipe & Corrugated Structural Steel Plate Pipe (Open Cut)
AREMA Chapter 1, Part 4, Sections 4.9 & 4.10 shall be used for design with:
a. Soil stiffness factor: K = 0.33
b. Railroad impact as per Section 4.1.3.b. of this specification.
4. Tunnel Liner Plate (Tunneled)
AREMA Chapter 1, Part 4, Section 4.16 shall be used for design with:
a. Soil stiffness factor: K = 0.33
b. Railroad impact as per Section 4.1.3.b. of this specification.

4.3 Casing Pipe
A. Casing pipe shall be so constructed as to prevent leakage of any substance from the
casing throughout its length, except at ends of casing where ends are left open, or
through vent pipes when ends of casing are sealed. Casing shall be installed so as to
prevent the formation of a waterway under the railroad, and with an even bearing
throughout its length, and shall slope to one end (except for longitudinal occupancy).
B. The casing pipe and joints shall be of steel and of leak proof construction when the
pipeline is carrying liquid flammable products or highly volatile substances under
pressure.
C. The inside diameter of the casing pipe shall be such as to allow the carrier pipe to be
removed subsequently without disturbing the casing or the roadbed. For steel pipe
casings, the inside diameter of the casing pipe shall be at least 2 inches greater than
the largest outside diameter of the carrier pipe joints or couplings, for carrier pipe less
than 6 inches in diameter; and at least 4 inches greater for carrier pipe 6 inches and
over in diameter.
D. For flexible casing pipe, a maximum vertical deflection of the casing pipe of 3
percent of its diameter, plus ½ inch clearance shall be provided so that no loads from
the roadbed, track, traffic or casing pipe itself are transmitted to the carrier pipe.
When insulators are used on the carrier pipe, the inside diameter of the flexible
casing pipe shall be at least 2 inches greater than the outside diameter of the carrier
pipe for pipe less than 8 inches in diameter; at least 3 ¼ inches greater for pipe 8
inches to 16 inches, inclusive, in diameter and at least 4 ½ inches greater for pipe 18
inches and over in diameter.
E. In no event shall the casing pipe diameter be larger than is necessary to permit the
insertion of the carrier pipe.
F. Casing pipe under railroad tracks and across NCRR's right-of-way shall extend the
entire length of the NCRR right-of-way. If the casing pipe cannot be installed the
entire length of the NCRR right-of-way for engineering reasons, then it must meet
the following criteria:
1. 3 feet beyond the ditch line.
2. 2 feet beyond the toe of slope.
3. A minimum distance of 25 feet from each side of centerline of outside track
when casing is sealed at both ends.
4. A minimum distance of 45 feet from centerline of outside track when casing is
open at both ends.
5. Beyond the theoretical railroad embankment line. This line begins at a point, on
existing grade, 14 feet horizontally from centerline track and extends downward
on a 2 (horizontal) to 1 (vertical) slope. (See Plate III). The 14 feet is measured
19 inches below the base of rail. The theoretical railroad embankment line must
be shown on the profile views and labeled.
G. If additional tracks are constructed in the future, the casing shall be extended
correspondingly at the Owner’s expense.

H. Like commodities may be located in the same encasement pipe. However, do not
place flammable and non-flammable substances in the same encasement pipe.
Neither shall encasement pipes contain combinations of drinking water and sewer
pipes nor shall they contain wire lines with liquids or gasses in the same encasement
pipe.
4.3.2 Steel Pipe
A. Steel pipe may be installed by open cut, boring, jacking or other method approved by
the Engineering Representative.
B. Steel pipe shall have a specified minimum yield strength, SMYS, of at least 35,000
psi. The ASTM or API specification and grade for the pipe are to be shown on the
Pipe Data Sheet (Plate I).
C. Joints between the sections of pipe shall be fully welded around the complete
circumference of the pipe.
D. Steel casing pipe, with a minimum cover of 5½ ft., shall have a minimum wall
thickness as shown in Table 2, unless computations indicate that a thicker wall is
required.
E. Coated steel pipe that is bored or jacked into place shall conform to the wall
thickness requirements for uncoated steel pipe since the coating may be damaged
during installation.
F. Smooth wall steel pipes with a nominal diameter over 72 inches will not be
permitted.

Table 2 – Minimum Wall Thickness for Steel Casing Pipes
Coated or
Uncoated and
Cathodically
Unprotected
Protected
Nominal Wall Nominal Wall
Pipe Diameter (in)
Thickness (in) Thickness (in)
10 and under 0.188 0.188
12 & 14 0.188 0.250
16 0.219 0.281
18 0.250 0.312
20 & 22 0.281 0.344
24 0.312 0.375
26 0.344 0.406
28 0.375 0.438
30 0.406 0.469
32 0.438 0.500
34 & 36 0.469 0.532
38 0.500 0.562
40 0.531 0.594
42 0.562 0.625
44 & 46 0.594 0.657
48 0.625 0.688
50 0.656 0.719
52 0.688 0.750
54 0.719 0.781
56 & 58 0.750 0.812
60 0.781 0.844
62 0.812 0.875
64 0.844 0.906
66 & 68 0.875 0.938
79 0.906 0.969
72 0.938 1.000
4.3.3 Ductile Iron Pipe

A. Ductile iron pipe may be used only when placed by the open cut method. Jacking or
boring through the railroad embankment is not permitted due to the bell and spigot
joints.
B. Ductile iron pipe shall conform to the requirements of ANSI A21.51/AWWA C-151.
Class 56 pipe shall be used unless computations, in accordance with Sections 4.1 and
4.2 of this specification, are provided.
C. Table 3 is based on the design assumptions given in Section 4.2B (2) of this
specification with a minimum cover of 5 ½ ft.
D. This table is provided for information only.
E. The pipe shall have mechanical or restrained joints.

Table 3 – Minimum Wall Thickness for Ductile Iron Casing Pipes
Pipe Diameter Thickness Class Pressure Class

(in) Wall Thickness (in) Class Wall Thickness (in) Class
3 0.25 51 0.25 350
4 0.26 51 0.25 350
6 0.25 50 0.25 350
8 0.27 50 --- ---
10 0.32 51 --- ---
12 0.34 51 --- ---
14 0.39 52 --- ---
16 0.40 52 --- ---
18 0.44 53 --- ---
20 0.45 53 --- ---
24 0.53 55 --- ---
30 0.63 56 --- ---
36 0.73 56 --- ---
42 0.83 56 --- ---
48 0.93 56 --- ---
54 1.05 56 --- ---
4.3.4 Corrugated Steel Pipe and Corrugated Structural Steel Plate Pipe
A. Corrugated steel pipe and corrugated structural steel plate pipe may be used for a
casing only when placed by the open cut method. Jacking or boring through the
railroad embankment is not permitted.
B. Corrugated steel pipe and corrugated structural steel plate pipe may be used for a
casing provided the pressure in the carrier pipe is less than 100 psi.
C. Pipe shall be bituminous coated and shall conform to the current American Railway
Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association Specifications Chapter 1, Part 4.
D. Corrugated steel pipe shall have a minimum sheet thickness as shown in Table 4.
Corrugated structural steel plate pipe shall have a minimum plate thickness of 8 gage,
0.168 in. If computations indicate that a greater thickness is required, the thicker
sheet or plate shall be used.
Table 4 – Minimum Wall Thickness for Corrugated Steel Pipes
Sheet Thickness
Pipe Diameter (in)
Gage Inches
12 to 30 14 0.079
36 12 0.109
42 to 54 10 0.138
60 to 120 8 0.168
4.3.5 Steel Tunnel Liner Plate

A. Liner plates shall be installed by the tunneling method as detailed in Section 5.1.5 of
this specification.

B. Tunnel liner plates shall be galvanized and bituminous coated and shall conform to
current American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association
Specification Chapter 1, Part 4, Section 4.16. If the tunnel liner plates are used only
to maintain a tunneled opening until the carrier pipe is installed, and the annular
space between the carrier pipe and the tunnel liner is completely filled with cement
grout within a reasonably short time after completion of the tunnel, then the tunnel
liner plates need not be galvanized and coated.
C. Tunnel liner plates are to be a minimum of 12 gage and shall be fabricated from
structural quality, hot-rolled, carbon-steel sheets or plates conforming to ASTM
Specification A 569.
D. The following liner plate information must be shown on the Pipe Data Sheet (Plate I):
1. Number of flanges (2 or 4)
2. Width of plate
3. Type of plate (smooth or corrugated)
4.3.6 Concrete Encasement
A. At locations where the installation is by open cut and a casing pipe is required, but
cannot be installed due to elbows or other obstructions, concrete encasement may be
used when approved by the Engineering Representative.
B. The concrete encasement must provide a minimum cover of 6 inches of concrete
around the pipe. A 6 x 6 - W 2.9 x W 2.9 welded wire fabric shall be placed in the
concrete on all sides.
4.3.7 High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Conduits
A. HDPE conduits may be installed only at a depth greater than 15’ below the top of
rail.
B. HDPE conduits shall be installed by Directional Boring Method “B” as detailed in
Section 5.1.6 of this specification.
C. HDPE (Directional Bore) conduits may only be used for underground telecom and
power conduits 6” in diameter or less.
D. Conduit diameter and wall thickness ratio shall conform to Standard Dimension Ratio
SDR-12 or greater.
4.3.8 Reinforced Concrete Pipe (RCP)
A. RCP may be installed at locations approved by the Engineering Representative only.
4.4 Carrier Pipe
A. The pipe shall be laid with sufficient slack so that it is not in tension.
B. Steel pipe shall not be used to convey sewage, storm water or other liquids which
could cause corrosion.
C. Carrier pipes located on NCRR's right-of-way or under tracks over which the
Operating Railroad operates, shall be manufactured in accordance with the following
specifications:

1. Steel Pipe - The ASTM or API specification and grade for the pipe is to be
shown on the Pipe Data Sheet. The specified minimum yield strength is to be at
least 35,000 psi. For flammable substances see Sections 4.4.2 and 4.4.3 of this
specification for additional requirements.
2. Ductile Iron Pipe - ANSI A21.51/AWWA C151
3. Corrugated Metal Pipe - AREMA Chapter 1, Part 4
D. Carrier pipes installed within a casing pipe shall be designed for the internal pressure
to which it will be subjected.
E. Gravity flow carrier pipes, installed without a casing pipe, shall meet the
requirements, of the particular pipe material, as given in Section 4.3 of this
specification.
F. Design computations, stamped by a Professional Engineer, must be submitted for all
uncased pressure pipelines installed on NCRR's right-of-way. The pipe must be
designed for the internal and external loads (see Section 4.1 of this specification) to
which it may be subjected. The design assumptions given in Section 4.2 of this
specification shall apply.
G. Reinforced concrete pipe will not be allowed for pipeline crossings except as a carrier
pipe when the pipeline is operated under gravity flow and a casing pipe is provided.
4.4.2 Pipelines Carrying Flammable Substances
A. Pipelines carrying oil, liquefied petroleum gas and other flammable products shall be
of steel and conform to the requirements of the current ANSI B 31.4 Liquid
Transportation Systems for hydrocarbons, Liquid Petroleum Gas, Anhydrous
Ammonia, and Alcohols, and other applicable ANSI codes, except that the maximum
allowable stresses for design of steel pipe shall not exceed the following percentages
of the specified minimum yield strength (multiplied by the longitudinal joint factor)
of the pipe as defined in the above codes:
1. The following percentages apply to hoop stress in steel pipe within a casing
under railroad tracks, across railroad right-of-way and longitudinally on railroad
right-of-way:
a. Seventy-two percent (72%) on oil pipelines.
b. Fifty percent (50%) for pipelines carrying condensate, natural gasoline,
natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, and other liquid petroleum
products.
c. Sixty (60%) percent for installations on gas pipelines.
2. The following percentages apply to hoop stress in steel pipe laid longitudinally
on railroad right-of-way without a casing:
a. Sixty percent (60%) for oil pipelines.
b. Forty percent (40%) for pipelines carrying condensate, natural gasoline,
natural gas liquids, liquefied petroleum gas, and other liquid petroleum
products.
c. For gas pipelines see Section 4.4.3.B of this specification.
B. Computations, based on the above requirements and stamped by a Professional
Engineer, shall be submitted with the application for occupancy.
4.4.3 Uncased Pipelines Carrying Gas

A. Pipelines carrying flammable and nonflammable gas products shall be steel and shall
conform to the requirements of the current ANSI B 31.8 Gas Transmission and
Distribution Piping Systems, and other applicable ANSI codes.
B. The minimum wall thickness for uncased carrier pipe shall be in accordance with the
values provided in AREMA, Chapter 1, Part 5, Section 5.2, Table 1-5-3.
C. A durable coating, which will resist abrasion (fusion bonded epoxy or other suitable
material), shall be used to protect the uncased pipeline when the boring method of
installation is used.
D. If the Engineering Representative determines there is the potential for damage to the
uncased pipeline (foreign material in the subgrade, third party damage, etc.), special
protection of the pipeline will be required. Special protection may include the use of
a protection slab over the pipeline, increased depth of bury or other means.
4.5 Casing Pipe End Seals
A. Casings for carrier pipes of flammable and hazardous substances shall be suitably sealed to
the outside of the carrier pipe. Details of the end seals shall be shown on the plans.
B. Casings for carrier pipes of nonflammable substances shall have both ends of the casing
blocked up in such a way as to prevent the entrance of foreign material, but allowing
leakage to pass in the event of a carrier break.
C. The ends of a casing pipe may be left open when the ends are at or above ground surface
and above high water level, provided drainage is afforded in such a manner that leakage
will be conducted away from railroad tracks and structures.
4.6 Vents
A. Sealed casings for flammable substances shall be properly vented. Vent pipes shall be of
sufficient diameter, but in no case less than two inches in diameter, and shall be attached
near each end of the casing and project through the ground surface at right-of-way lines or
not less than 45 feet, measured at right angles from centerline of nearest track.
B. Vent pipes shall extend not less than 4 feet above the ground surface. Top of vent pipe shall
have a down-turned elbow, properly screened, or a relief valve. Vents in locations subject
to high water shall be extended above the maximum elevation of high water and shall be
supported and protected in a manner approved by the Engineering Representative.
C. Vent pipes shall be at least 4 feet, vertically, from aerial electric wires or greater if required
by National Electrical Safety Code (ANSI C2).
D. When the pipeline is in a public highway, street-type vents shall be installed.
4.7 Signs
A. All pipelines (except those in streets where it would not be practical to do so) shall be
prominently marked at right-of-way lines (on both sides of track for crossings) by durable,
weatherproof signs located over the centerline of the pipe. Signs shall show the following:
1. Name and address of owner
2. Contents of pipe
3. Pressure in pipe and/or voltage of conduit.
4. Pipe depth below grade at point of a sign
5. Emergency telephone number in event of pipe rupture

B. For pipelines running longitudinally on NCRR property, signs shall be placed over the pipe
(or offset and appropriately marked) at all changes in direction of the pipeline. Such signs
should also be located so that when standing at one sign the next adjacent marker in either
direction is visible. In no event shall they be placed more than 500 feet apart unless
otherwise specified by the Engineering Representative.
C. The Owner must maintain all signs on NCRR's right-of-way as long as the occupational
agreement is in effect.
D. Submit a copy of the sign with the application package for review of conformance to Plate
XI.
4.8 Warning Tape
A. All pressure pipelines and underground conduit installed by the trench method, without a
casing, shall have a warning tape placed directly above the pipeline, two (2) feet below the
ground surface.
B. Wire conduit marking tape shall be yellow in color and be marked “CAUTION – BURIED
ELECTRICAL CABLE”, “CAUTION – BURIED PIPELINE” or appropriate alternate.
Text shall be black in color.
4.9 Shut-off Valves
A. Accessible emergency shut-off valves shall be installed within effective distances each side
of the railroad at locations selected by the Engineering Representative where hazard to life
and property must be guarded against. No additional valves will be required where
pipelines are provided with automatic control stations and within distances approved by the
Engineering Representative.
4.10 Cathodic Protection
A. Cathodic protection shall be applied to all pipelines carrying flammable substances on
NCRR's right-of-way.
B. For crossings and at other locations where the pipeline must be placed within a casing, the
casing is to have cathodic protection or the wall thickness is to be increased to the
requirements of Section 4.3.2 Table 2 of this specification.
C. Uncased gas carrier pipes must be coated and cathodically protected to industry standards
and test sites, for monitoring the pipeline, provided within 50 feet of the crossing.
D. Where casing and/or carrier pipes are cathodically protected by other than anodes, the
Engineering Representative shall be notified and a suitable test made to ensure that other
railroad structures and facilities are adequately protected from the cathodic current in
accordance with the recommendation of current Reports of Correlating Committee on
Cathodic Protection, published by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers.
E. Where sacrificial anodes are used, the locations shall be marked with durable signs.
4.11 Manholes
A. Manholes shall not be located on NCRR property where possible. At locations where this is
not practical, including longitudinal occupancies, manholes shall be precast concrete
sections conforming to ASTM Designation C 478, "Specification for Precast Concrete
Manhole Sections".
B. The top of manholes located on NCRR property shall be flush with top of ground.
C. The distance from centerline of adjacent track to centerline of proposed manhole shall be
shown on the plans.
4.12 Box Culverts
A. Reinforced concrete box culverts shall conform to the requirements of AREMA Chapter 8,
Parts 13 and 16.
4.13 Drainage
A. Occupancies shall be designed, and their construction shall be accomplished, so that
adequate and uninterrupted drainage of NCRR's right-of-way is maintained.
B. All pipes, ditches and other structures carrying surface drainage on NCRR property and/or
under NCRR track(s) shall be designed to carry the run-off from a one hundred (100) year
storm. Computations indicating this design, prepared by a Professional Engineer, and
suitable topographic plans, outlining the total drainage area, shall be submitted for NCRR's
approval. All drainage applications are also subject to review and approval of the Operating
Railroad.
C. If the drainage is to discharge into an existing drainage channel on NCRR's right-of-way
and/or through a drainage structure under NCRR's track(s), the computations must include
the hydraulic analysis of any existing ditch and/or structure.
D. When calculating the capacity of existing or proposed drainage structures, under NCRR's
track(s), the headwater, at the structure shall not be greater than 1.5.
E. Pipe(s) used to carry surface drainage on NCRR's right-of-way shall have a minimum
diameter of 36 inches.
F. Detention ponds must not be placed on any part of NCRR's right-of-way. Also, the railroad
embankment must not be used as any part of a detention pond structure.
G. Formal approval of the proposed design, by the appropriate governmental agency having
jurisdiction, shall be submitted with the drainage computations.
4.14 Pipelines on Bridges
A. Pipelines of any type shall not be installed on any bridge carrying NCRR tracks.
B. New overhead pipe bridges shall not be constructed over NCRR's right-of-way where
underground installation of the pipeline is possible. Where the Applicant can show that no
practicable alternative is available, this type of structure will be permitted provided the
following conditions are met.
C. When forwarding requests of this nature, utilize the Application for Pipeline Occupancy to
the fullest extent possible. Along with the standard project drawings, complete structural
plans and design computations for the structure and foundations, sealed by a Professional
Engineer registered in the State of North Carolina, are also required.
D. The desired minimum vertical clearance for new bridges and structures over main tracks,
measured at a distance of 5’-6” from centerline of track shall be 24’-3” at the following
locations in order to provide for the potential of future electrification by means of an
overhead catenary system (designated route for the Southeast High Speed Rail Corridor).
• NCRR H-Line, Greensboro to Raleigh (MP H 0.0 to MP H 80.7)
• NCRR Main Line, Charlotte to Greensboro (MP 284.0 to MP 378.3)
E. The absolute minimum vertical clearance at these locations shall be 23’-0”.

F. The absolute minimum vertical clearance for new bridges and structures over main tracks,
measured at a distance of 5’-6” from centerline of track shall be 23’-0” at the following
locations:
• NCRR H-Line, Raleigh to Goldsboro (MP H-80.7 to MP H-130).
• NCRR EC-Line, Goldsboro to near Kinston (MP EC-0.0 to MP EC-22.3).
G. The absolute minimum vertical clearance for new bridges and structures over main tracks,
measured at a distance of 5’-6” from centerline of track, at the following locations shall be
24’-11”:
• NCRR EC-Line, near Kinston to Morehead City (MP EC-22.3 to MP EC-94.2).
H. The support bents for the overhead structure are located off NCRR's right-of-way or a
minimum clear distance of 25 feet from centerline track, whichever distance is greater.
I. Support bents within 25 feet of centerline track must be approved by the Engineering
Representative and NCRR and shall have pier protection in accordance with AREMA,
Chapter 8, Part 2, Section 2.1.5.
J. Complete structural plans and design computations for the structure and foundations,
stamped by a Professional Engineer, are submitted with the application.
K. A fence (with barbed wire) or other measures are provided which will prevent access to the
bridge by unauthorized personnel or vandals.
L. Pipelines carrying flammable substances or non-flammable substances, which by their
nature might cause damage if escaping on or near railroad facilities or personnel, shall not
be installed on bridges over NCRR tracks. In special cases when it can be demonstrated to
the Engineering Representative’s satisfaction that such an installation is necessary and that
no practicable alternative is available, the Engineering Representative may permit the
installation but only by special design approval.
M. When permitted, pipelines on bridges over NCRR tracks shall be so located as to minimize
the possibility of damage from vehicles, railroad equipment, vandalism and other external
causes. They shall be encased in a casing pipe as directed by the Engineering
Representative (See Plate VII). Applications which involve attachments to public bridges
crossing NCRR property must include evidence of approval by the governing agency.
5.0 Construction Requirements
5.1 Method of Installation
A. All construction is subject to the requirements of the current version of the document
titled “North Carolina Railroad / Norfolk Southern Railway – Special Provisions for
Protection of Railway Interests”.
B. Bored, jacked or tunneled installations shall have a bore hole essentially the same as
the outside diameter of the pipe plus the thickness of the protective coating.
C. The use of water or other liquids to facilitate casing emplacement and spoil removal
is prohibited.
D. If during installation an obstruction is encountered which prevents installation of the
pipe in accordance with this specification, the pipe shall be abandoned in place and
immediately filled with grout. A new installation procedure and revised plans must
be submitted to, and approved by, the Engineering Representative before work can
resume. The scope of the change may require additional engineering review fees as
determined by the Engineering Representative.
5.1.2 Open Cut
A. The Owner must request open cut approval when making application for occupancy.
B. Installations beneath the track by open trench methods will be permitted only with
the approval of the Operating Railroad.
C. Installations by open cut will not be permitted under mainline tracks, tracks carrying
heavy tonnage or tracks carrying passenger trains. Also, open cut shall not be used
within the limits of a highway/railroad grade crossing or its approaches, 25 feet either
side of traveled way, where possible. The open cut installation method is limited to
fills less than or equal to 10 feet as measured from the pipe invert to the base of rail.
D. At locations where open cut is permitted, the trench is to be backfilled with crushed
stone with a top size of the aggregate to be a maximum of 2 inches and to have no
more than 5% passing the number 200 sieve. The gradation of the material is to be
such that a dense stable mass is produced.
E. The backfill material shall be placed in 6 inch lifts and compacted to at least 95% of
its maximum density with a moisture content that is no more than 1 % greater than or
2% less than the optimum moisture as determined in accordance with current ASTM
Designation D 1557 (Modified Proctor). When the backfill material is within 3 feet
of the subgrade elevation (the interface of the ballast and the subsoil) a compaction of
at least 98% will be required. Compaction test results confirming compliance must be
provided to the Operating Railroad and the Engineering Representative by the
Owner.
F. All backfilled pipes laid either perpendicular or parallel to the tracks must be
designed so that the backfill material will be positively drained. This may require the
placement of lateral drains on pipes laid longitudinally to the track and the
installation of stub perforated pipes at the edge of the slopes.
G. Unless otherwise agreed upon, all work involving rail, ties and other track material
will be performed by Operating Railroad employees at the sole expense of the
Owner.
H. Pipeline installations shall not be designed as an open cut installation where the
pipeline is to be located within the limits of a grade crossing. If it is shown that no
other method of installation is possible, the owner will be responsible for reimbursing
NCRR, and/or the Operating Railroad, for all costs associated with the removal and
reconstruction of the grade crossing.
5.1.3 Bore and Jack (Steel Pipe)
A. This method consists of pushing the pipe into the earth with a boring auger rotating
within the pipe to remove the spoil.
B. The boring operation shall be progressed on a 24-hour basis without stoppage (except
for adding lengths of pipe) until the leading edge of the pipe has reached the
receiving pit.
C. The front of the pipe shall be provided with mechanical arrangements or devices that
will positively prevent the auger from leading the pipe so that no unsupported
excavation is ahead of the pipe.

D. The auger and cutting head arrangement shall be removable from within the pipe in
the event an obstruction is encountered. If the obstruction cannot be removed without
excavation in advance of the pipe, procedures as outlined in Section 5.1.1.C of this
specification must be implemented immediately.
E. The over-cut by the cutting head shall not exceed the outside diameter of the pipe by
more than ½ inch. If voids should develop or if the bored hole diameter is greater
than the outside diameter of the pipe (plus coating) by more than approximately 1
inch, grouting (see Section 5.2 of this specification) or other methods approved by
the Engineering Representative, shall be employed to fill such voids.
F. The face of the cutting head shall be arranged to provide a reasonable obstruction to
the free flow of soft or poor material.
G. Construction shall be carried on in such a manner that settlement of the ground
surface above the pipe line shall be held to an absolute minimum.
H. Plans and description of the arrangement to be used shall be submitted to the
Engineering Representative for approval and no work shall proceed until such
approval is obtained.
I. Any method that employs simultaneous boring and jacking for pipes over 8 inches in
diameter that does not have the above approved arrangement will not be permitted.
For pipes 8 inches and less in diameter, auguring or boring without this arrangement
may be considered for use only as approved by the Engineering Representative.
5.1.4 Jacking (Steel Pipe)
A. This method consists of pushing sections of pipe into position with jacks placed
against a backstop and excavation performed by hand from within the jacking shield
at the head of the pipe. Ordinarily 36-inch pipe is the least size that should be used,
since it is not practical to work within smaller diameter pipes.
B. Jacking shall be in accordance with the current AREMA Specifications, Chapter 1,
Part 4, Section 4.13 "Earth Boring and Jacking Culvert Pipe Through Fills". This
operation shall be conducted without hand-mining ahead of the pipe and without the
use of any type of boring, auguring, or drilling equipment.
C. Bracing and backstops shall be so designed and jacks of sufficient rating used so that
the jacking can be progressed on a 24-hour basis without stoppage (except for adding
lengths of pipe) until the leading edge of the pipe has reached the receiving pit.
D. Immediately upon completion of jacking operations, the installation shall be pressure
grouted as per Section 5.2 of this specification.
5.1.5 Tunneling (Tunnel Liner Plate)
A. This method consists of placing rings of liner plate within the tail section of a
tunneling shield or tunneling machine. A tunneling shield shall be used for all liner
plate installations unless otherwise approved by the Engineering Representative.
B. The shield shall be of steel construction, designed to support a railroad track loading
as specified in Section 4.1.3 of this specification, in addition to the other loadings
imposed. The advancing face shall be provided with a hood, extending no less than
20 inches beyond the face and extending around no less than the upper 240 degrees
of the total circumference. It shall be of sufficient length to permit the installation of
at least one complete ring of liner plates within the shield before it is advanced for
the installation of the next ring of liner plates. The shield shall conform to and not
exceed the outside dimensions of the liner plate tunnel being placed by more than 1
inch at any point on the periphery unless otherwise approved by the Engineering
Representative.
C. The shield shall be adequately braced and provided with necessary appurtenances for
completely bulkheading the face with horizontal breastboards, and arranged so that
the excavation can be benched as may be necessary. Excavation shall not be
advanced beyond the edge of the hood, except in rock.
D. Manufacturer’s shop detail plans and manufacturer’s computations showing the
ability of the tunnel liner plates to resist the jacking stresses shall be submitted to the
Engineering Representative for approval.
E. Unless otherwise approved by the Engineering Representative, the tunneling shall be
conducted continuously, on a 24-hour basis, until the tunnel liner extends at least
beyond the theoretical railroad embankment line (See Plate III).
F. At any interruption of the tunneling operation, the heading shall be completely
bulkheaded.
G. The liner plates shall have tapped grout holes for no smaller than 1½ inch pipe,
spaced at approximately 3 feet around the circumference of the tunnel liner and 4 feet
longitudinally.
H. Grouting behind the liner plates shall be in accordance with Section 5.2 of this
specification.
5.1.6 Directional Boring / Horizontal Directional Drilling (Steel Pipe)
Method “A” (Less than 10”)
A. This method consists of setting up specialized drilling equipment on existing grade
(launching and receiving pits are not required) and boring a small diameter pilot hole
on the desired vertical and horizontal alignment, using a mechanical cutting head
with a high-pressure fluid (bentonite slurry) to remove the cuttings. The drill string is
advanced with the bentonite slurry pumped through the drill string to the cutting head
and then forced back along the outside of the drill string carrying the cuttings back to
the surface for removal. When the cutting head reaches the far side of the crossing, it
is removed and a reamer (with a diameter greater than the cutting head) is attached to
the lead end of the drill string. The pipeline is attached to the reamer and the pilot
hole is then back reamed while the pipeline is pulled into place.
B. This method is used to place pipelines under rivers, wetlands and other obstructions
which would be difficult to cross by conventional methods. The length of the bore is
generally several hundred feet in length, with installations over a thousand feet
possible.
C. Consideration will be given where the depth of cover is greater than 10 feet below the
base of rail, or the bore is in rock. Factors considered will be track usage, pipe size,
contents of pipeline, soil conditions, etc.
D. The following preliminary information must be submitted with the request for
consideration of this type of installation:
1. A site plan of the area.
2. A plan view and profile of the crossing.
3. A Pipe Data Sheet.
4. Several soil borings along the proposed pipeline route.

5. A construction procedure, including a general description of equipment to be
used.
If upon review of the preliminary submittal information, the Engineering
Representative determines this method of installation is acceptable, final design plans
and specifications are to be prepared and submitted for approval.
E. The project specifications must require the contractor to submit, to the Engineering
Representative for approval, a complete construction procedure of the proposed
boring operation. Included with the submission shall be the manufacture's catalog
information describing the type of equipment to be used.
Method “B”
A. This method is used to place small diameter conduit for electric lines and other
utilities. This method consists of using hydraulic jacking equipment to push a solid
steel rod under the railroad from a launching pit to a receiving pit. At the receiving
pit, a cone shaped "expander' is attached to the end of the rod and the conduit (casing
pipe) is attached to the expander. The rod, expander and conduit are then pulled back
from the launching pit until the full length of the conduit is in place.
B. This method may be used to place conduit (casing pipe), up to and including 6 inches
in diameter, under the railroad.
C. The conduit will be installed 10 feet or greater below the base of rail.
D. The project specifications must require the contractor to submit, to the Engineering
Representative for approval, a complete construction procedure of the proposed
boring operation. Included with the submission shall be the manufacture's catalog
information describing the type of equipment to be used.
5.2 Grouting
A. For jacked and tunneled installations a uniform mixture of 1:6 (cement:sand) cement grout
shall be placed under pressure though the grout holes to fill any voids which exist, between
the pipe or liner plate and the undisturbed earth.
B. Grouting shall start at the lowest hole in each grout panel and proceed upwards
simultaneously on both sides of the pipe.
C. A threaded plug shall be installed in each grout hole as the grouting is completed at that
hole.
D. When grouting tunnel liner plates, grouting shall be kept as close to the heading as
possible, using grout stops behind the liner plates if necessary. Grouting shall proceed as
directed by the Engineering Representative, but in no event shall more than 6 lineal feet of
tunnel be progressed beyond the grouting.
5.3 Soil Stabilization
A. Pressure grouting of the soils or freezing of the soils before jacking, boring, or tunneling
may be required at the direction of the Engineering Representative to stabilize the soils,
control water, prevent loss of material and prevent settlement or displacement of
embankment. Grout shall be cement, chemical or other special injection material selected to
accomplish the necessary stabilization.
B. The materials to be used and the method of injection shall be prepared by a Registered
Professional Soils Engineer, or by an experienced and qualified company specializing in
this work and submitted for approval to the Engineering Representative before the start of
work. Proof of experience and competency shall accompany the submission.
5.4 Dewatering
A. When water is known or expected to be encountered, pumps of sufficient capacity to
handle the flow shall be maintained at the site, provided the contractor has received
approval from the Engineering Representative to operate them. Pumps in operation shall be
constantly attended on a 24-hour basis until, in the sole judgment of the Engineering
Representative, the operation can be safely halted. When dewatering, close observation
shall be maintained to detect any settlement or displacement of railroad embankment,
tracks, and facilities.
5.5 Safety Requirements
A. All operations related to the construction and/or installation of pipeline facilities shall be
conducted so as not to interfere with, interrupt, or endanger the operation of trains or
damage, destroy, or endanger the integrity of railroad facilities. All work on or near NCRR
property shall be conducted in accordance with the Operating Railroad’s safety rules and
regulations. The contractor shall secure and comply with the Operating Railroad’s safety
rules and shall give written acknowledgment to the Operating Railroad that they have been
received, read, and understood by the contractor and its employees. Operations will be
subject to inspection by the Operating Railroad and/or the Engineering Representative at
any and all times.
B. All cranes, lifts, or other equipment that will be operated in the vicinity of the railroad's
electrification and power transmission facilities shall be electrically grounded as directed
by the Operating Railroad.
C. At all times when the work is being progressed, a field supervisor for the work with no less
than twelve (12) months experience in the operation of the equipment being used shall be
present. If boring equipment or similar machines are being used, the machine operator also
shall have no less than twelve (12) months experience in the operation of the equipment
being used.
D. Whenever equipment or personnel are working closer than 25 feet from the centerline of an
adjacent track, that track shall be considered as being obstructed. Insofar as possible, all
operations shall be conducted no less than this distance. Operations closer than 25 feet from
the centerline of a track shall be conducted only with the permission of, and as directed by,
a duly qualified employee of the Operating Railroad present at the site of the work.
E. Crossing of tracks at grade by equipment and personnel is prohibited except by prior
arrangement with the Operating Railroad, and as directed by a qualified employee of the
Operating Railroad. A temporary crossing agreement with the Operating Railroad may be
required.
5.6 Blasting
A. Blasting will not be permitted.
5.7 Temporary Track Supports
A. When the jacking. boring or tunneling method of installation is used, and depending upon
the size and location of the crossing, the need for temporary track supports will be
determined by the Engineering Representative and the Operating Railroad.
B. Details of the temporary track supports shall conform to the specifications of the Operating
Railroad.
C. The Owner’s contractor shall supply the track supports with installation and removal
performed by Operating Railroad employees.
D. The Owner shall reimburse the Operating Railroad for all costs associated with the
installation and removal of the track supports.
5.8 Protection of Drainage Facilities
A. If, in the course of construction, it may be necessary to block a ditch, pipe or other drainage
facility, temporary pipes, ditches or other drainage facilities shall be installed to maintain
adequate drainage, as approved by the Engineering Representative and the Operating
Railroad. Upon completion of the work, the temporary facilities shall be removed and the
permanent facilities restored.
B. Soil erosion methods shall be used to protect railroad ditches and other drainage facilities
during construction on and adjacent to NCRR's right-of-way.
5.9 Support of Excavation Adjacent to Track
5.9.1 Launching and Receiving Pits
A. The location and dimensions of all pits or excavations shall be shown on the plans.
The distance from centerline of adjacent track to face of pit or excavation shall be
clearly labeled. Also, the elevation of the bottom of the pit or excavation must be
shown on the profile.
B. The face of all pits shall be located outside of the theoretical railroad embankment
line unless otherwise approved by the Engineering Representative and the Operating
Railroad.
C. If the bottom of the pit excavation intersects the theoretical railroad embankment line
(See Plate III) interlocking steel sheet piling, driven prior to excavation, must be used
to protect the track stability. The use of trench boxes or similar devices is not
acceptable in this area.
D. Design plans and computations for the pits, stamped by a Professional Engineer,
must be submitted by the Owner at time of application or by the contractor prior to
start of construction. If the pit design is to be submitted by the contractor, the project
specifications must require the contractor to obtain NCRR's approval prior to
beginning any work on or which may affect NCRR property.
E. The sheeting shall be designed to support all lateral forces caused by the earth,
railroad and other surcharge loads. See Section 4.1.3 of this specification for railroad
loading.
F. After construction and backfilling, all sheet piling within 10 feet of centerline track
must be cut off 18 inches below final grade and left in place.
G. All excavated areas are to be illuminated (flashing warning lights not permitted),
fenced and otherwise protected as directed by the Operating Railroad.
5.9.2 Parallel Trenching and Other Excavation
A. When excavation for a pipeline or other structure will be within the theoretical
railroad embankment line (See Plate V) of an adjacent track, interlocking steel sheet
piling will be required to protect the track.
B. The design and construction requirements for this construction shall be in accordance
with the requirements of Section 5.9.1 of this specification.

5.10 Inspection and Testing

A. For pipelines carrying flammable or hazardous materials, ANSI Codes, current at time of
constructing the pipeline, shall govern the inspection and testing of the facility on NCRR
property, except as follows:
1. One-hundred percent of all field welds shall be inspected by radiographic
examinations, and such field welds shall be inspected for 100 percent of the
circumference.
2. The proof testing of the strength of carrier pipe shall be in accordance with ANSI
requirements.
5.11 Reimbursement of Costs
A. All NCRR, Operating Railroad and Engineering Representative costs associated with the
pipe installation (application review, inspection, flagging, track work, protection of signal
cables, etc.) shall be reimbursed by the Owner of the facility. Reimbursement by the
contractor is not acceptable.

PLATE I
PIPE DATA SHEET

(For crossings and longitudinal occupancy)
PIPE DATA
CARRIER PIPE CASING PIPE
CONTENTS TO BE HANDLED
NORMAL OPERATING PRESSURE
NOMINAL SIZE OF PIPE
OUTSIDE DIAMETER
INSIDE DIAMETER
WALL THICKNESS
WEIGHT PER FOOT
MATERIAL
PROCESS OF MANUFACTURE
SPECIFICATION
GRADE OR CLASS
TEST PRESSURE
TYPE OF JOINT
TYPE OF COATING
DETAILS OF CATHODIC PROTECTION
DETAILS OF SEALS OR PROTECTION AT ENDS
OF CASING
METHOD OF INSTALLATION
CHARACTER OF SUBSURFACE MATERIAL AT
THE CROSSING LOCATION
APPROXIMATE GROUND WATER LEVEL
SOURCE OF INFORMATION ON SUBSURFACE
CONDITIONS (BORINGS, TEST PITS OR
OTHER)
TOTAL LENGTH WITHIN RIGHT OF WAY
NOTE: Any soil investigation made on railroad property or adjacent to tracks shall be carried on under
the supervision of the Engineering Representative and/or the Operating Railroad. (See Section
1.4 of this specification)
31

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NORTH CAROLINA RAILROAD COMPANY

FORM NCR 102

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1.6 Information Required for Submission

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2.0 General Requirements

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2.3 Depth of Installation

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2.5 Modifications of Existing Facilities

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4.0 Design Requirements

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Table 1 – Live Loads, Including Impact for Various Heights of Cover

Height of Cover (ft.) Load (lb./ft2)

4.2 Design Assumptions

b. Railroad impact as per Section 4.1.3.b. of this specification.

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Table 2 – Minimum Wall Thickness for Steel Casing Pipes

4.3.3 Ductile Iron Pipe

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Table 3 – Minimum Wall Thickness for Ductile Iron Casing Pipes

Pipe Diameter Thickness Class Pressure Class

4.3.5 Steel Tunnel Liner Plate

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4.4.3 Uncased Pipelines Carrying Gas

5. Emergency telephone number in event of pipe rupture

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4. Several soil borings along the proposed pipeline route.

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5.10 Inspection and Testing

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PIPE DATA SHEET

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