Java Networking

Java Networking is a concept of connecting two or more computing devices together so that we can share resources.

Java socket programming provides facility to share data between different computing devices.

Advantage of Java Networking

1. sharing resources
2. centralize software management

Java Networking Terminology

The widely used java networking terminologies are given below:

1. IP Address
2. Protocol
3. Port Number
4. MAC Address
5. Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol
6. Socket

1) IP Address
IP address is a unique number assigned to a node of a network e.g. 192.168.0.1 . It is composed of octets that range
from 0 to 255.

It is a logical address that can be changed.

2) Protocol
A protocol is a set of rules basically that is followed for communication. For example:

o TCP
o FTP
o Telnet
o SMTP
o POP etc.

3) Port Number
The port number is used to uniquely identify different applications. It acts as a communication endpoint between
applications.

The port number is associated with the IP address for communication between two applications.

4) MAC Address
MAC (Media Access Control) Address is a unique identifier of NIC (Network Interface Controller). A network node
can have multiple NIC but each with unique MAC.

5) Connection-oriented and connection-less protocol

In connection-oriented protocol, acknowledgement is sent by the receiver. So it is reliable but slow. The example of
connection-oriented protocol is TCP.

But, in connection-less protocol, acknowledgement is not sent by the receiver. So it is not reliable but fast. The
example of connection-less protocol is UDP.

6) Socket
A socket is an endpoint between two way communication.

Visit next page for java socket programming.

ava Socket Programming

Java Socket programming is used for communication between the applications running on different JRE.

Java Socket programming can be connection-oriented or connection-less.

Socket and ServerSocket classes are used for connection-oriented socket programming and DatagramSocket and
DatagramPacket classes are used for connection-less socket programming.

The client in socket programming must know two information:

1. IP Address of Server, and

2. Port number.

Socket class
A socket is simply an endpoint for communications between the machines. The Socket class can be used to create a
socket.
 Important methods

Method Description

1) public InputStream getInputStream() returns the InputStream attached with this socket.

2) public OutputStream getOutputStream() returns the OutputStream attached with this socket.

3) public synchronized void close() closes this socket

ServerSocket class
The ServerSocket class can be used to create a server socket. This object is used to establish communication with
the clients.

Important methods

Method Description

1) public Socket accept() returns the socket and establish a connection between server and client.

2) public synchronized void close() closes the server socket.

Example of Java Socket Programming

Let's see a simple of java socket programming in which client sends a text and server receives it.

File: MyServer.java

1. import java.io.*;
2. import java.net.*;
3. public class MyServer {
4. public static void main(String[] args){
5. try{
6. ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(6666);
7. Socket s=ss.accept();//establishes connection
8. DataInputStream dis=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
9. String str=(String)dis.readUTF();
10. System.out.println("message= "+str);
11. ss.close();
12. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
13. }
14. }

File: MyClient.java

1. import java.io.*;
2. import java.net.*;
3. public class MyClient {
4. public static void main(String[] args) {
5. try{
6. Socket s=new Socket("localhost",6666);
7. DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
8. dout.writeUTF("Hello Server");
9. dout.flush();
10. dout.close();
11. s.close();
12. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
13. }
14. }

Example of Java Socket Programming (Read-Write both

side)
In this example, client will write first to the server then server will receive and print the text. Then server will write
to the client and client will receive and print the text. The step goes on.

File: MyServer.java

1. import java.net.*;
2. import java.io.*;
3. class MyServer{
4. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
5. ServerSocket ss=new ServerSocket(3333);
6. Socket s=ss.accept();
7. DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
8. DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
9. BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
10.
11. String str="",str2="";
12. while(!str.equals("stop")){
13. str=din.readUTF();
14. System.out.println("client says: "+str);
15. str2=br.readLine();
16. dout.writeUTF(str2);
17. dout.flush();
18. }
19. din.close();
20. s.close();
21. ss.close();
22. }}

File: MyClient.java

1. import java.net.*;
2. import java.io.*;
3. class MyClient{
4. public static void main(String args[])throws Exception{
5. Socket s=new Socket("localhost",3333);
6. DataInputStream din=new DataInputStream(s.getInputStream());
7. DataOutputStream dout=new DataOutputStream(s.getOutputStream());
8. BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
9.
10. String str="",str2="";
11. while(!str.equals("stop")){
12. str=br.readLine();
13. dout.writeUTF(str);
14. dout.flush();
15. str2=din.readUTF();
16. System.out.println("Server says: "+str2);
17. }
18.
19. dout.close();
20. s.close();
21. }}

Java URL
The Java URL class represents an URL. URL is an acronym for Uniform Resource Locator. It points to a resource
on the World Wide Web. For example:

1. http://www.javatpoint.com/java-tutorial

A URL contains many information:

1. Protocol: In this case, http is the protocol.

2. Server name or IP Address: In this case, www.javatpoint.com is the server name.
3. Port Number: It is an optional attribute. If we write http//ww.javatpoint.com:80/sonoojaiswal/ , 80 is the
port number. If port number is not mentioned in the URL, it returns -1.
4. File Name or directory name: In this case, index.jsp is the file name.

Commonly used methods of Java URL class

The java.net.URL class provides many methods. The important methods of URL class are given below

Method Description

public String getProtocol() it returns the protocol of the URL.

public String getHost() it returns the host name of the URL.

public String getPort() it returns the Port Number of the URL.

public String getFile() it returns the file name of the URL.

 public URLConnection openConnection() it returns the instance of URLConnection i.e. associated with this

Example of Java URL class

1. //URLDemo.java
2. import java.io.*;
3. import java.net.*;
4. public class URLDemo{
5. public static void main(String[] args){
6. try{
7. URL url=new URL("http://www.java.com/java-tut");
8.
9. System.out.println("Protocol: "+url.getProtocol());
10. System.out.println("Host Name: "+url.getHost());
11. System.out.println("Port Number: "+url.getPort());
12. System.out.println("File Name: "+url.getFile());
13.
14. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
15. }
16. }

Java URLConnection class

The Java URLConnection class represents a communication link between the URL and the application. This class
can be used to read and write data to the specified resource referred by the URL.

How to get the object of URLConnection class

The openConnection() method of URL class returns the object of URLConnection class. Syntax:

1. public URLConnection openConnection()throws IOException{}

 Displaying source code of a webpage by URLConnecton
class
The URLConnection class provides many methods, we can display all the data of a webpage by using the
getInputStream() method. The getInputStream() method returns all the data of the specified URL in the stream that
can be read and displayed.

Example of Java URLConnection class

1. import java.io.*;
2. import java.net.*;
3. public class URLConnectionExample {
4. public static void main(String[] args){
5. try{
6. URL url=new URL("http://www.javat.com/java-tut");
7. URLConnection urlcon=url.openConnection();
8. InputStream stream=urlcon.getInputStream();
9. int i;
10. while((i=stream.read())!=-1){
11. System.out.print((char)i);
12. }
13. }catch(Exception e){System.out.println(e);}
14. }
15. }

Java JDBC Tutorial

JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute the query with the
database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC API uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database.
There are four types of JDBC drivers:

o JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,

o Native Driver,
o Network Protocol Driver, and
o Thin Driver

We have discussed the above four drivers in the next chapter.

We can use JDBC API to access tabular data stored in any relational database. By the help of JDBC API, we can
save, update, delete and fetch data from the database. It is like Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) provided by
Microsoft.

The current version of JDBC is 4.3. It is the stable release since 21st September, 2017. It is based on the X/Open
SQL Call Level Interface. The java.sql package contains classes and interfaces for JDBC API. A list of
popular interfaces of JDBC API are given below:

o Driver interface
o Connection interface
o Statement interface
o PreparedStatement interface
o CallableStatement interface
o ResultSet interface
o ResultSetMetaData interface
o DatabaseMetaData interface
o RowSet interface

A list of popular classes of JDBC API are given below:

o DriverManager class
o Blob class
o Clob class
o Types class

Why Should We Use JDBC

 Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with the database. But, ODBC
API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e. platform dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has
defined its own API (JDBC API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).

We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the following activities:

1. Connect to the database

2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
3. Retrieve the result received from the database.

Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps

There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC. These steps are as follows:
o Register the Driver class
o Create connection
o Create statement
o Execute queries
o Close connection

1) Register the driver class

The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to dynamically load the driver class.

Syntax of forName() method

1. public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException

Example to register the OracleDriver class

Here, Java program is loading oracle driver to esteblish database connection.

1. Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

2) Create the connection object

The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the database.
 Syntax of getConnection() method

1. 1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException

2. 2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)
3. throws SQLException

3) Create the Statement object

The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement. The object of statement is responsible to execute

Syntax of createStatement() method

1. public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException

4) Execute the query

The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database. This method returns the object of Res
all the records of a table.

Syntax of executeQuery() method

1. public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException

5) Close the connection object

By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically. The close() method of Connection interface is u

Syntax of close() method

1. public void close()throws SQLException