Classification of Bacteria On The Basis of Shape

Classification of bacteria on the basis of shape:
In the year 1872 scientist Cohn classified bacteria to 4 major types depending on their
shapes are as follow:
1. Cocci: These types of bacteria are unicellular, spherical or elliptical shape. Either
they may remain as a single cell or may aggregate together for various
configurations. They
are as follow:
i) Monococcus: - they are also called micrococcus and represented by single, discrete
round cell. Example: Micrococcus flavus.
ii) Diplococcus: - the cell of the Diplococcus divides ones in a particular plane and
after division, the cells remain attached to each other. Example: – Diplococcus
pneumonia.
iii) Streptococcus: - here the cells divide repeatedly in one plane to form chain of cells.
Example: – Streptococcus pyogenes.
iv) Tetracoccus: - this consists of four round cells, which defied in two planes at a right
angles to one another. Example: – Gaffkya tetragena.
v) Staphylococcus: - here the cells divided into three planes forming a structured like
bunches of grapes giving and irregular configuration. Example: – Staphylococcus
aureus.
vi) Sarcina: -in this case this cells divide in three planes but they form a cube like
configuration consisting of eight or sixteen cells but they have a regular shape.
Example: –Sarcina lutea.
2) Bacilli: - this are rod shaped or cylindrical bacteria which either remain singly or in pairs.
Example: –Bacillus cereus.
3) Vibro: -the vibro are the curved, comma shaped bacteria and represented by a single
genus. Example: – Vibro cholerae.
4) Spirilla: - this type of bacteria are spiral or spring like with multiple curvature and terminal
flagella. Example: –Spirillum volutans.
Classification of bacteria on the basis of nutrition:

On the basis of nutrition bacteria are classified as following:
1) Autotropic bacteria: - these bacteria are nonpathogenic, free living, self
sustaining in nature, which prepare their own food by utilisation of solar energy
and inorganic components like carbon dioxide, nitrogen etc.
They are of two types:
i) Photoautotrophs: - these bacteria contain bacterio-chlorophyll and
bacterioviridin and can prepare their own food by fixing carbon dioxide the nature
by the utilisation of solar energy.
ii) Chemoautotrophs: -these are the bacteria
which prepare they are food by deriving the
energy from oxidation of inorganic substances
like nitrogen dioxide, carbon dioxide etc. and
they can also fix carbon dioxide and water for
their nutrition.
2) Heterotrophic bacteria: – this type of bacteria
cannot fix inorganic Carbone but rather depend
on external organic Carbone for their
nourishment. They also can be classified on the
basis of presence and absence of flight and on
the basis of the media on which the bacteria are
growing.
Classification of bacteria on the basis of cell
wall:
Depending upon the staining reactions by Gram stain bacteria can be classified into two
types, those are:
i) Gram positive: -this type of bacteria retains the crystal fire lit or gram stain
which appear violate. Example: – Streptococcus.
ii) Gram negative: – they do not retain the gram stain, but they take up the red
colour of the counter stain. Example: – Saffranin (Escherichia coli).
Classification on the basis of temperature response:
Bacteria can be classified into four major types on the basis of their temperatures
response as indicated below:
i) Psychrophilic bacteria: -These type of bacteria grows just above the
freezing temperature, they can cause contamination of food stored in
the refrigerator. Example: -Pseudomonas.
ii) Mesophilic bacteria: -These bacteria grow at normal temperature in the
water bodies, food products, liberate gas and cause change in texture.
Example: -Lactobacillus.
iii) Thermophilic bacteria: - These types of bacteria can survive at higher
temperature and can withstand the pasteurization temperature.
Example: - Clostridium, Bacillus.
iv) Thermophilic bacteria: - These types of bacteria can survive
pasteurization but cannot grow at the pasteurization temperature.
Example: - Micrococcus, Streptococcus.
Classification of bacteria on the basis of number of flagella:

On the basis of flagella the bacteria can be classified:
i) Atrichos: - These bacteria has no flagella. Example: -Corynebacterium
diptherae.
ii) Monotrichous: - One flagellum is attached to one end of the bacteria cell.
Example: - Vibro cholera.
iii) Lophotrichous: - Bunch of flagella is attached to one end of the bacteria cell.
Example: - Pseudomonas.
iv) Amphitrichous: - Bunch of flagella arising from both end of the bacteria cell.
Example: - Rhodospirillum rubrum.
v) Peritrichous : - The flagella are evenly distributed surrounding the entire bacterial
cell. Example: -Bacillus.

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Classification of bacteria on the basis of shape:

Classification of bacteria on the basis of nutrition:

Classification on the basis of temperature response:

Classification of bacteria on the basis of number of flagella:

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