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CBSE-XII-2017 EXAMINATION CBSE-X-2017 EXAMINATION
MATHEMATICS
Paper & Solution
Time: 3 Hrs. Max. Marks: 90
General Instructions :
(i) All questions are compulsory.
(ii) The question paper consists of 31 questions divided into four sections - A, B, C and D.
(iii) Section A contains 4 questions of 1 mark each. Section B contains 6 questions of 2 marks each, Section C
contains 10 questions of 3 marks each and Section D contains 11 questions of 4 marks each.
(iv) Use of calculators is not permitted.
SECTION – A
Question numbers 1 to 4 carry 1 mark each.
1. What is the common difference of an A.P. in which a21 - a7 = 84 ?
Solution:
Given
a21 – a7 =84 ....................(1)
In an A.P a1, a2, a3, a4 …………
an = a1 + (n – 1)d d = common difference
a21 = a1 + 20 d ……………..(2)
a7 = a1 + 6d ……………….(3)
substituting (2) & (3) in (1)
a1 + 20d – a1 – 6d = 84
14d = 84
d=6
 common difference = 6
2. If the angle between two tangents drawn from an external point P to a circle of radius a and centre O, is
60 , then find the length of OP.
Solution:
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CBSE-X-2017 EXAMINATION
Given that BPA = 60

OB = OA = a [radii]
PA = PB [length of tangents Equal]
OP = OP
PBO and PAO are congruent. [By SSS test of congruency]
60
BPO = OPA = = 30
2
a
In a PBO sin30 =
OP
OP = 2a units
3. If a tower 30 m high, casts a shadow 10 3 m long on the ground, then what is the angle of elevation of
the sun ?
Solution:
Angle of equation of sun = GST = 

Height of lower TG = 30m
Length of shadow GS = 10 3 m
TGS is a right angled triangle

30
 tan  =
10 3
tan  = 3
 = 60
4. The probability of selecting a rotten apple randomly from a heap of 900 apples is 0·18. What is the
number of rotten apples in the heap ?
Solution:
Number of rotten apples
Probability of selecting rotten apple =
Total number of apples
No. of rotten apples

 0.18 =
900
No. of rotten apples = 900  0.18 = 162
SECTION B
Question numbers 5 to 10 carry 2 marks each.
5. Find the value of p, for which one root of the quadratic equation px 2 - 14x + 8 = 0 is 6 times the other.
Solution:
Given Quadriatic Equation Px2 – 14x + 8 = 0
Also, one root is 6 times the other
Lets say one root = x
Second root = 6x
14
From the equation : Sum of the roots = +
P
8
Product of roots =
P
14
 x + 6x = .
P
2
x=
P
8
 6x2 =
P
2
2 8
 6  =
P P
64 8
=
P2 P
P =3
1 1 3
6. Which term of the progression 20, 19 , 18 , 17 , .... is the first negative term ?
4 2 4
Solution:
1 1 3
Given progression 20, 19 , 18 , 17 , .......
4 2 4
This is an Arithmetic progression because
1 1 1
Common difference (d) = 19 − 20 = 18 − 19 = ..............
4 2 4
−3
d=
4
 −3  83 − 3n
Any nth term an = 20 + (n − 1)   =
 4  4
Any term an < 0 when 83 < 3n

This is valid for n = 28 and 28th term will be the first negative term.
7. Prove that the tangents drawn at the end points of a chord of a circle make equal angles with the chord.
Solution:
Need to prove that
BAP = ABP
AB is the chord
We know that OA = OB (radii)
OBP = OAP = 90

Join OP and OP = OP
By RHS congruency
OBP  OAP
By CPCT BP = AP
In ABP BP = AP
Angles opposite to equal sides are equal

BAP = ABP
Hence proved.
8. A circle touches all the four sides of a quadrilateral ABCD. Prove that AB + CD = BC + DA
Solution:
ABCD is the Quadrilateral

Circle touches the sides at P, Q, R,S points
For the circle AS & AP are tangents
 AS = AP...............(1)
In the similar way

BP = BQ……..(2)
CQ = CR…………(3)
RD = DS …………..(4)
Now AB + CD = AP + PB + CR + RD
BC + AD = BQ + QC + DS + AS
Using (1), (2), (3), (4) in above equation BC + AD = BP + CR + RD + AP
 AB + CD = BC + AD
Hence proved
9. A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q respectively. If (2, -5) is the mid-point of PQ,
then find the coordinates of P and Q.
Solution:
x y
Equation of a line: + =1
a b
Where a =x-intercept
b = y-intercept
Given that line intersects y-axis at P
 P lies on y-axis and P = (0, b)
Line intersects x-axis at Q
 Q lies on x-axis and Q = (a, 0)
Midpoint of PQ = (2, -5)
a b
 ,  = (2, −5)
2 2
a b
= 2, = −5
2 2
a = 4 & b = −10
 P = (0, −10)
Q = (4,0)
10. If the distances of P(x, y) from A(5, 1) and B(-1, 5) are equal, then prove that 3x = 2y.
Solution:
Given that
PA = PB
P(x, y), A(5, 1), B(-1, 5)
PA = (x − 5)2 + (y − 1)2
PB = (x + 1)2 + (y − 5)2
(x − 5)2 + (y − 1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y − 5)2
Squaring on both sides
x 2 + 25 − 10 x + y 2 − 2y + 1 = x 2 + 2 x + 1 + y 2 − 10y + 25
−10 x − 2y = 2 x − 10y
8y = 12 x
 3 x = 2y
SECTION C
11. If ad  bc, then prove that the equation
(a2 + b2) x2 + 2 (ac + bd) x + (c2 + d2) = 0 has no real roots.
Solution:
Given ad  bc for the equation (a2 + b2 )x2 + 2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d 2 ) = 0
For this equation not to have real roots its discriminant < 0
D = 4(ac + bd)2 – 4(a2 + b2)(c2 + d2)
D = 4a2c2 + 4b2d2 + 8acbd – 4a2c2 – 4b2d2 – 4b2c2 – 4a2d2
D = −4(a2d 2 + b2c 2 − 2acbd )

D = −4(ad − bc)2
Given ad  bc
D  0
Quadratic equation has no real roots
12. The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last term is 45 and the sum of all its terms is 400. Find the number of
terms and the common difference of the A.P.
Solution:
First term (a) = 5
Last term (l) = 45
Sum of all the terms = 400
n
400 = (a + l)
2
800
=n
50
n = 16
No. of terms = 16
l = 45 (16th term)
a + (n − 1)d = 45
5 + 15d = 45
40
d=
15
8
d=
3
8
Common difference =
3
13. On a straight line passing through the foot of a tower, two points C and D are at distances of 4 m and
16 m from the foot respectively. If the angles of elevation from C and D of the top of the tower are
complementary, then find the height of the tower.
Solution:
Given CF = 4m
DF = 16m
TCF + TDF = 90

Lets say TCF = 
TDF =  − 
In a right angled triangle TCF
TF TF
tan  = =
CF 4
TF = 4 tan  ..........(1)
In TDF
TF
tan(90 − ) =
16
TF = 16cot ..............(2)
Multiply (1) & (2)
(TF )2 = 64  TF = 8mt
 Height of tower = 8mt
14. A bag contains 15 white and some black balls. If the probability of drawing a black ball from the bag is
thrice that of drawing a white ball, find the number of black balls in the bag.
Solution:
Bag contains 15 white balls
Lets say there are x black balls
Probability of drawing a black ball
x
P(B) =
15 + x
Probability of drawing a white ball
15
P(W) =
15 + x
Given that P(B) = 3P(W)
x 3  15
 =
15 + x 15 + x
x = 45
No. of black balls = 45
 24 
15. In what ratio does the point  , y  divide the line segment joining the points P(2, -2) and Q(3, 7) ?
 11 
Also find the value of y.
Solution:
Lets say ratio is m + n

Then
 24   3m + 2n 7m − 2n 
 ,y  =  , 
 11   m + n m+n 
24 3m + 2n 7m − 2n
= ,y =
11 m+n m+n
24(m + n) = 11(3m + 2n)
24m + 24n = 33m + 22n
2n = 9m
m 2
 =  ratio = 2: 9
n 9
m = 2, n = 9
72 − 29
y=
11
−4
y=
11
16. Three semicircles each of diameter 3 cm, a circle of diameter 4·5 cm and a semicircle of radius 4·5 cm
are drawn in the given figure. Find the area of the shaded region.
Solution:
Given that AB = BC = CD = 3 cm
Circle c has diameter = 4.5 cm
Semicircle s1 has diameter = 9cm
Area of shaded region
= Area of s1 – Area of (s2+s4) – Area of c + Area of s3

Area of shaded region
2 2 2 2 2
 9  3  3  4.5    3 
=   −   −   −   +  
22 22 22  2  22
 81  
= −
16 8
= 12.36 cm2
17. In the given figure, two concentric circles with centre O have radii 21 cm and 42 cm. If  AOB = 60 ,
find the area of the shaded region.
 22 
Use  = 7 
 
Solution:
Given OC = OD = 21 cm
OA = OB = 42 cm
Area of ACDB region
= Area of sector OAB – Area sector OCD
60 60
=  (42)2 −   (21)2
360 360
1 22
Area of ACDB region =   21  63
6 7
= 11  63 = 693 cm2
Area of shaded region= area of c1 – Area of c2 – Area of ACDB region
= (42)2 − () − 693

22
=  21  63 − 693
7
= 3,465 cm2
18. Water in a canal, 5·4 m wide and 1·8 m deep, is flowing with a speed of 25 km/hour. How much area
can it irrigate in 40 minutes, if 10 cm of standing water is required for irrigation ?
Solution:
Given canal width = 5.4 mt
Depth = 1.8 mt
Water flow speed = 25 km/hr
Distance covered by water in 40 minutes
25  40
=
60
50
= km
3
50
Volume of water flows through pipe =  5.4  1.8  1000
3
= 162  103 m3
Area irrigate with 10 cm of water standing
162  103
=
10  10−2
= 162  104 m2
19. The slant height of a frustum of a cone is 4 cm and the perimeters of its circular ends are 18 cm and 6
cm. Find the curved surface area of the frustum.
Solution:
Given:
2r = 6cm
2R = 18cm
l = 4cm
Curved surface area of frustum of a cone
1
= (2R + 2r )  l
2
1
= (6 + 18)4
2
= 48cm2
20. The dimensions of a solid iron cuboid are 4·4 m  2·6 m  1·0 m. It is melted and recast into a hollow
cylindrical pipe of 30 cm inner radius and thickness 5 cm. Find the length of the pipe.
Solution:
Volume of cuboid = 4.4  2.6 1
11.44m3
length = l
Inner radius = 30 cm
outer radius = 35 cm
Volume of cuboid = volume of cylindrical pipe
 l  (352 − 302 )
11.44 =
100  100  100
l = 10.205  104 cm
l = 102.05 km
SECTION D
21. Solve for x :
1 3 5 1
+ = , x  −1, − , − 4
x + 1 5x + 1 x + 4 5
Solution:
1 3 5 −1
+ = ; x  −1, , − 4
x + 1 5x + 1 x + 4 5
Take L.C.M. on the left hand side of equation
5x + 1 + 3(x + 1) 5
=
(x + 1)(5x + 1) x + 4
(x + 4)(8 x + 4) = 5(5x + 1)(x + 1)
8 x 2 + 4 x + 32 x + 16 = 25x 2 + 5 + 5x + 25x
17 x 2 − 6 x − 11 = 0
17 x 2 − 17 x + 11x − 11 = 0
17 x(x − 1) + 11(x − 1) = 0
(x − 1)(17 x + 11) = 0
−11
x = ,1
17
1
22. Two taps running together can fill a tank in 3 hours. If one tap takes 3 hours more than the other to
13
fill the tank, then how much time will each tap take to fill the tank ?
Solution:
1
Two taps when run together fill the tank in 3 hrs
13
Say taps are A, B and
A fills the tank by itself in x hrs
B fills tank in (x+3) hrs
1
Portion of tank filled by A (in 1hr) =
x
1
Portion of tank filled by B (in 1hr) =
x +3
13
Portion of tank filled by A & B (both in 1hr) =
40
1 1 13
 + =
x x + 3 40
(x + 3 + x)40 = 13(x)(x + 3)
80 x + 120 = 13x 2 + 39 x
13x 2 − 41x − 120 = 0
x=5
 A fills tank in 5hrs
B fills tank in 8hrs
23. If the ratio of the sum of the first n terms of two A.Ps is (7n + 1) : (4n + 27), then find the ratio of their
9th terms.
Solution:
Given two A.P’s with n terms each
A.P I = first term = a1
A.PII = first term = a2
Common difference = d2
Sum of first n terms for A.PI = S1
n
S1 = 2a1 + (n − 1)d1 
2
n
Similarly S2 = 2a2 + (n − 1)d2 
2
S1 7n + 1
=
S2 4n + 27
(n − 1)
a1 + d1
2 7n + 1
 =
(n − 1)
a2 + d2 4n + 27
2
a1 + 8d1
Ratio of their 9th terms =
a2 + 8d2
Comparing
(n − 1)
a1 + d1
2 a + 8d1
& 1
(n − 1)
a2 + d2 a2 + 8d2
2
Upon comparing
n −1
=8
2
 (n = 17) substituting n value
(n − 1)
a1 + d1
a1 + 8d1 2 7n + 1 7(17) + 1 120
 = = = =
a2 + 8d2 a + (n − 1) d 4n + 27 4(17) + 27 95
2 2
2
ratio = 24 : 19
24. Prove that the lengths of two tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
Solution:
PA & PB are the length of the tangents drawn from an external point P to circle C with radius r
OA = OB = r
OA ⊥ PA
OB ⊥ PB
Join O & P
In the triangles OAP & OBP
OA = OB (radii)
OP = OP (common side)
OAP = OBP = 90 (Right angle)
By RHS congruency
OAP  OBP
 By CPCT
PA = PB
25. In the given figure, XY and X’Y’ are two parallel tangents to a circle with centre O and another tangent
AB with point of contact C, is intersecting XY at A and X’Y’ at B. Prove that  AOB = 90 .
Solution:
Prove that AOB = 90

In AOC and AOP
OA = OA (hypotenuse)
OP = OC (radii)
ACO = APO (right angle)
AOC  AOP By RHS congruency
By CPCT AOC = AOP .....(1)
Similarly In BOC & BOQ
OC = OQ
OB = OB
BCO = BQO = 90
By RHS congruency BOC  BOQ
By CPCT BOC = BOQ .....(2)
PQ is a straight line
AOP + AOC + BOC + BOQ = 180
From equations (1) and (2)
2 ( AOC + BOC ) = 180
180
AOB =
2
AOB = 90
26. Construct a triangle ABC with side BC = 7 cm, B = 45 , A = 105 .

3
Then construct another triangle whose sides are times the corresponding sides of the ABC.
4
Solution:
In the ABC , A + B + C = 180
C = 30
To construct the similar triangle first we need to construct ABC

For ABC
1). Draw BC = 7cm with help of a ruler
2) Take a protractor measure angle 45 from point B and draw a ray BX
3) From point c, mark 30 with help of protractor & draw a ray CY
4) Now both BX and BY intersect at a point and this point is A

Now we have ABC
3
To construct similar triangle with corresponding sides of the sides of ABC
4
Step 1: Draw any raw making an acute angle with BC
Step 2: Along the ray BZ mark 4 points B1, B2, B3, B4 such that BB1 = B1B2 = B2B3 = B3B4
Step 3: Now join B4 to C and draw a line parallel to B4C from B3 intersecting the line BC line BC at C’
Step 4: Draw a line through C’ parallel to CA which intersects BA at A’
A’BC’ is the required tri
Justification:
C ' A'||CA By construction
A' BC ' ~ ABC [using AA similarity]
A ' B BC ' A ' C '

 = = [corresponding sides ratio will be proportional
AB BC AC
B4C ||B3C ' [By construction]
BB4C ~ BB3C ' [By AA similarity]
BC ' BB3
= [By BPT]
BC BB4
BB3 3
But we know =
BB4 4
A ' B BC ' A '.C ' 3

 = = =
AB BC AC 4
27. An aeroplane is flying at a height of 300 m above the ground. Flying at this height, the angles of
depression from the aeroplane of two points on both banks of a river in opposite directions are 45 and
30 respectively. Find the width of the river. [Use 3 = 1·732]
Solution:
Given aeroplane is at height of 300m

 AB = 300m and XY ||PQ
Angles of depression of the two points P & Q are 30 and 45
XAP = 30 & YAQ = 45
XAP = APB = 30
[Alternative Interior angles]
YAQ = AQB = 45
In PAB
AB
tan30 =
PB
PB = 300 3 mt
In BAQ
AB
tan45 =
BQ
BQ = 300m
 Width of the river = PB + BQ
= 300(1 + 3)mt
28. If the points A(k + 1, 2k), B(3k, 2k + 3) and C(5k - 1, 5k) are collinear, then find the value of k.
Solution:
Given A(k + 1,2k), B(3k ,2k + 3), C(5k − 1,5k) are collinear.
If three points are collinear then the area of the triangle will be zero. For any 3 points (x 1, y1), (x2, y2), (x3,
y3) Area will be
1
 A = x1 (y2 − y3 ) + x2 (y3 − y1 ) + x3 (y1 − y2 )
2
1
O = (k + 1)(2k + 3 − 5k) + 3k(5k − 2k) + (5k − 1)(2k − 2k − 3)
2
O = (k + 1)(3 − 3k) + 3k(3k) − 15k + 3
−3k 2 + 3 + 9k 2 + 3 − 15k = 0
6k 2 − 15k + 6 = 0
1
k = 2,
2
29. Two different dice are thrown together. Find the probability that the numbers obtained have
(i) even sum, and
(ii) even product.
Solution:
Two dice are through together total possible outcomes = 6  6 = 36
(i) Sum of outcomes is even
This can be possible when
 Both outcomes are even
 Both outcomes are odd
For both outcomes to be Even number of cases = 3  3 = 9
Similarly
Both outcomes odd = 9 cases
Total favourable cases = 9 + 9 =18
18
Probability that =
36
1
Sum of the even outcomes is
2
(ii) Product of outcomes is even
This is possible when
 Both outcomes are even
 first outcome even & the other odd
 first outcome odd & the other even
Number of cases where both outcomes are even = 9
Number of cases for first outcome odd = 9
and the other Even
No. of cases for first outcome odd & the other even = 9
Total favourable cases = 9 + 9 + 9 = 27
27
Probability =
36
3
=
4
30. In the given figure, ABCD is a rectangle of dimensions 21 cm  14 cm. A semicircle is drawn with BC as
diameter. Find the area and the perimeter of the shaded region in the figure.
Solution:
Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle – Area of semicircle

(7)2
= 21  14 −
2
= 217 cm 2
Perimeter of shaded region

= AB + AD + CD + length of arc BC
180 22
= 21 + 14 + 21 + 2  7
360 7
= 78 cm
31. In a rain-water harvesting system, the rain-water from a roof of 22 m  20 m drains into a cylindrical
tank having diameter of base 2 m and height 3·5 m. If the tank is full, find the rainfall in cm. Write your
views on water conservation.
Solution:
Water from the roof drains into cylindrical tank
Volume of water from roof flows into the tank of the rainfall is x cm and given the tank is full we can write
volume of water collected on roof = volume of the tank
2
22  20  x 2
=     3.5
100 2
x = 2.5 cm
 .rainfall is of 2.5 cm
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Given that BPA = 60

PBO and PAO are congruent. [By SSS test of congruency]

Angle of equation of sun = GST = 

TGS is a right angled triangle

No. of rotten apples

Any term an < 0 when 83 < 3n

OBP = OAP = 90

Angles opposite to equal sides are equal

ABCD is the Quadrilateral

In the similar way

Squaring on both sides

Given ad  bc for the equation (a2 + b2 )x2 + 2(ac + bd)x + (c2 + d 2 ) = 0

D = −4(a2d 2 + b2c 2 − 2acbd )

Quadratic equation has no real roots

TCF + TDF = 90

Multiply (1) & (2)

 Height of tower = 8mt

Lets say ratio is m + n

= Area of s1 – Area of (s2+s4) – Area of c + Area of s3

Area of shaded region= area of c1 – Area of c2 – Area of ACDB region

= (42)2 − () − 693

B fills tank in 8hrs

Prove that AOB = 90

By CPCT AOC = AOP .....(1)

Similarly In BOC & BOQ

By RHS congruency BOC  BOQ

By CPCT BOC = BOQ .....(2)

From equations (1) and (2)

2 ( AOC + BOC ) = 180

26. Construct a triangle ABC with side BC = 7 cm, B = 45 , A = 105 .

In the ABC , A + B + C = 180

To construct the similar triangle first we need to construct ABC

1). Draw BC = 7cm with help of a ruler

2) Take a protractor measure angle 45 from point B and draw a ray BX

3) From point c, mark 30 with help of protractor & draw a ray CY

4) Now both BX and BY intersect at a point and this point is A

A' BC ' ~ ABC [using AA similarity]

A ' B BC ' A ' C '

BB4C ~ BB3C ' [By AA similarity]

A ' B BC ' A '.C ' 3

Given aeroplane is at height of 300m

Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle – Area of semicircle

Perimeter of shaded region

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